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                    <text>INNOVATION AND RESEARCH &amp; DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE OF
SMES IN TURKEY
Ahmet Gayretli
Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
agayretli@aku.edu.tr
Yelda Akçin
Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
yeldaakcin@aku.edu.tr
Hacer Arıol
Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
hacerariol@aku.edu.tr
Serkan Çaşka
Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
serkancaska@aku.edu.tr
Keywords:Innovation, Research and Development, SMEs in Turkey, New Production Design.

ABSTRACT
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey similar to all countries, holds largest
share of the economy. It should be considered together with all the functions affecting these
enterprises, in order to ensure them successful in competitive markets. New technologies, new
competitors, reduced profit margins, etc. reasons adversely affect revenues of the enterprises. In
this case, enterprises are required to activate new factors to stay afloat. Today, one of the most
important factor of competition is innovation and technological development. The number of
SMEs has reached 255 thousand in Turkey and these enteprises have 75% of total employment,
65% of total production capacity . In addition to economic and cultural characteristics of these
enterprises, their perception to innovation and R&amp;D(research and develoment) should be
examined as well. Aim of this study to assess the perspectives of SMEs in Turkey to
technological innovation and R&amp;D. The study examined enterprises that give importance to
technological innovation. It is seen from the the studies cited in this study that the SMEs are
aware of the importance of innovation to survive competitive market conditions. However, cited
studies show that SMEs in Turkey are insufficient in terms of innovation culture and technology
management.

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                <text>GAYRETLI, Ahmet
AKCIN, Yelda
ARIOL, Hacer
CASKA, Serkan</text>
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                <text>Keywords:Innovation, Research and Development, SMEs in Turkey, New Production Design.  ABSTRACT  Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey similar to all countries, holds largest share of the economy. It should be considered together with all the functions affecting these enterprises, in order to ensure them successful in competitive markets. New technologies, new competitors, reduced profit margins, etc. reasons adversely affect revenues of the enterprises. In this case, enterprises are required to activate new factors to stay afloat. Today, one of the most important factor of competition is innovation and technological development. The number of SMEs has reached 255 thousand in Turkey and these enteprises have 75% of total employment, 65% of total production capacity . In addition to economic and cultural characteristics of these enterprises, their perception to innovation and R&amp;D(research and develoment) should be examined as well. Aim of this study to assess the perspectives of SMEs in Turkey to technological innovation and R&amp;D. The study examined enterprises that give importance to technological innovation. It is seen from the the studies cited in this study that the SMEs are aware of the importance of innovation to survive competitive market conditions. However, cited studies show that SMEs in Turkey are insufficient in terms of innovation culture and technology management.</text>
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                    <text>PROACTIVE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN CASES OF EARTHQUAKE: A
CASE STUDY OF BURDUR
Hasan Erdoğan
Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
hasanerdogan@akdeniz.edu.tr
Mesut Kozan
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
Keywords: Earthquake, Proactive Crisis Management.
ABSTRACT
Earthquake is of the natural disasters that cause great destruction and loss of life in places where
they occur. Turkey, a large deal of whose territory stretches on first-degree earthquake zone and
on which a large number of earthquakes occurred in the past, is an earthquake country. May 17,
1999 Marmara Earthquake, which was felt in large part of the country in recent past, is the most
painful experience. Unpredictable and unavoidable impacts of earthquakes urge all actors of
crisis management to think strategically and make effective decisions. Crisis management is
composed of a four-step process including pre-earthquake preparedness, first responders,
recovery and reorganization. Reducing the loss of life and property depends on the pre-planning
of an earthquake and making all necessary preparations. Considering all kinds of possibilities,
planning and organization are carried out in this process which is described as proactive crisis
management. Burdur, stretching on first-degree earthquake zone and having experienced great
destructions in the past, is one of the provinces which must be constantly prepared to
earthquakes. Different-scale-earthquakes in 1842, 1876, 1901, 1914, 1925, 1930, 1963, and 1971
are known to have occurred in the triangle of Burdur, Isparta and Dinar. The objective of this
study is to examine the different aspects of earthquake preparation of general and local
government agencies in Burdur. In this paper, it is aimed to scan the literature regarding the
study and to conduct direct talks with senior administrators responsible for managing the
earthquake crisis in the city.

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                <text>PROACTIVE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN CASES OF EARTHQUAKE: A CASE STUDY OF BURDUR</text>
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                <text>ERDOGAN, Hasan
KOZAN, Mesut</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Earthquake, Proactive Crisis Management.  ABSTRACT  Earthquake is of the natural disasters that cause great destruction and loss of life in places where they occur. Turkey, a large deal of whose territory stretches on first-degree earthquake zone and on which a large number of earthquakes occurred in the past, is an earthquake country. May 17, 1999 Marmara Earthquake, which was felt in large part of the country in recent past, is the most painful experience. Unpredictable and unavoidable impacts of earthquakes urge all actors of crisis management to think strategically and make effective decisions. Crisis management is composed of a four-step process including pre-earthquake preparedness, first responders, recovery and reorganization. Reducing the loss of life and property depends on the pre-planning of an earthquake and making all necessary preparations. Considering all kinds of possibilities, planning and organization are carried out in this process which is described as proactive crisis management. Burdur, stretching on first-degree earthquake zone and having experienced great destructions in the past, is one of the provinces which must be constantly prepared to earthquakes. Different-scale-earthquakes in 1842, 1876, 1901, 1914, 1925, 1930, 1963, and 1971 are known to have occurred in the triangle of Burdur, Isparta and Dinar. The objective of this study is to examine the different aspects of earthquake preparation of general and local government agencies in Burdur. In this paper, it is aimed to scan the literature regarding the study and to conduct direct talks with senior administrators responsible for managing the earthquake crisis in the city.</text>
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                    <text>THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURGE TANK ON
THE COST OF HYDRO ENGINEERING PLANT – PUMPED STORAGE
HE PLANT VRILO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Ahmed El Sayed
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
aelsayed@ibu.edu.ba
Aldin Varenikić
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
avarenikic@uni2.edu.ba
Keywords: Surge tanks, pumped storage HE plant, Tom’s criteria, resistance coefficient, hydro
engineering power, silencers, hydro power, Euler method.
ABSTRACT
For countries and regions enriched with water surfaces such as rivers and lakes, the cheapest
source of power is water. Hydro power is called also “pure power” as it has minor pollution
effects on the environment and health if compared with other types of power sources. Surge
tanks have important role in the functionality of HE plant as they balance the pressure variation
in cases of sudden rise or decrease. They are a massive construction that can receive the water in
several cases. The cost of these tanks varies according to several factors such as dimensions,
construction and maintaining works and shape. This paper aims to compare the cost of several
shapes and types of surge tank in the case of Pumped storage HE plant Vrilo by fixing the
needed outcomes such as the maximum and minimum level of water needed for producing the
expected energy, the location of tank and the materials used for it. This paper will also give some
advices about choosing the type, shape and dimension for surge tanks while designing them.

�</text>
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                <text>THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURGE TANK ON THE COST OF HYDRO ENGINEERING PLANT – PUMPED STORAGE HE PLANT VRILO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA</text>
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                <text>EL SAYED, Ahmed
VARENIKIC, Aldin</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Surge tanks, pumped storage HE plant, Tom’s criteria, resistance coefficient, hydro engineering power, silencers, hydro power, Euler method.  ABSTRACT  For countries and regions enriched with water surfaces such as rivers and lakes, the cheapest source of power is water. Hydro power is called also “pure power” as it has minor pollution effects on the environment and health if compared with other types of power sources. Surge tanks have important role in the functionality of HE plant as they balance the pressure variation in cases of sudden rise or decrease. They are a massive construction that can receive the water in several cases. The cost of these tanks varies according to several factors such as dimensions, construction and maintaining works and shape. This paper aims to compare the cost of several shapes and types of surge tank in the case of Pumped storage HE plant Vrilo by fixing the needed outcomes such as the maximum and minimum level of water needed for producing the expected energy, the location of tank and the materials used for it. This paper will also give some advices about choosing the type, shape and dimension for surge tanks while designing them.</text>
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                    <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF WIRELESS DATA MONITORING IN A PV
SYSTEM
Feridun Ekmekci
Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey
fekmekci@mu.edu.tr
Mahmut Tenruh
Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey
tmahmut@mu.edu.tr
Keywords: Renewable Energy; PV systems; Data moniroring; Wi-Fi communication.
ABSTRACT
The use of renewable energy sources is encouraged to meet the rising energy demand.
Monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) systems and gathering statistical data are important issues in
renewable energy applications. This study presents the implementation of a PV system where the
panel output data are gathered and transmitted through the wireless medium using Wi-Fi. This
method allows remote monitoring of a PV system. The data about voltage, current, and power
production can be collected and reported separately for both DC and AC units. The DC and
mono-phase AC measurement values are transmitted via a Wi-Fi access point to the computer
where the data are collected.

The system has been designed as a basic prototype PV system model with two 100 W solar
panels, an AC inverter, a charge regulator, and two accumulators. A current transformer with
40/5A ratio has also been included in the system. Analog to digital converters have been used for
both AC and DC measurements. EV100 series single phase intelligent power meter, and AcuDC
210/220 series DC power and energy meters have been used for AC and DC measurements
respectively.

The advantage of the presented model is the ability to monitor PV systems remotely through the
Wi-Fi wireless communication medium. This method allows data monitoring with PV systems in
environments where the cabling is complicated or impractical. The data gathered via the wireless
access point are monitored with a computer, and can be listed with the software interface. This
method provides a practicle and useful model to acquire data and monitor PV systems.

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                <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF WIRELESS DATA MONITORING IN A PV SYSTEM</text>
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                <text>EKMEKCI, Feridun
TENRUH, Mahmut</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Renewable Energy; PV systems; Data moniroring; Wi-Fi communication.  ABSTRACT  The use of renewable energy sources is encouraged to meet the rising energy demand. Monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) systems and gathering statistical data are important issues in renewable energy applications. This study presents the implementation of a PV system where the panel output data are gathered and transmitted through the wireless medium using Wi-Fi. This method allows remote monitoring of a PV system. The data about voltage, current, and power production can be collected and reported separately for both DC and AC units. The DC and mono-phase AC measurement values are transmitted via a Wi-Fi access point to the computer where the data are collected.</text>
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                    <text>MQL MACHINING – OIL ON WATER DROPLET SYSTEM
Sabahudin Ekinović
University of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
sekinovic@mf.unze.ba
Edin Begović
University of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ebegovic@mf.unze.ba
Aldin Lušija
University of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Keywords:MQL machining, Oil-on-water droplet, aluminium bronze, cutting forces, surface
roughness.
ABSTRACT
Flood and through-tool delivering of cutting fluids have been widely used for the machining
operations. The use of a large amount of cutting fluid can impact the environment and increase
manufacturing costs, and possibly lead to ground contamination, excess energy consumption, the
need for wet chip disposal and potential health and safety issues. Minimum Quantity Lubrication
(MQL) machining involves the application of a minute amount of oil-based lubricant to the
machining process in an attempt to replace the conventional flood coolant system. This paper
presents a classification of MQL methods, discussing their advantages and drawback. Also, the
results of measurements of cutting forces and surface roughness when machining one type of
aluminum bronze using MQL, are presented. As a medium for cooling and lubricating a system
of oil-on-water was used. The results show that the cutting force of less than 16%, and also
parameters of surface roughness, compared to machining without the use of coolant and
lubricants.

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BEGOVIC, Edin
LUSIJA, Aldin</text>
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                <text>Keywords:MQL machining, Oil-on-water droplet, aluminium bronze, cutting forces, surface roughness.  ABSTRACT  Flood and through-tool delivering of cutting fluids have been widely used for the machining operations. The use of a large amount of cutting fluid can impact the environment and increase manufacturing costs, and possibly lead to ground contamination, excess energy consumption, the need for wet chip disposal and potential health and safety issues. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) machining involves the application of a minute amount of oil-based lubricant to the machining process in an attempt to replace the conventional flood coolant system. This paper presents a classification of MQL methods, discussing their advantages and drawback. Also, the results of measurements of cutting forces and surface roughness when machining one type of aluminum bronze using MQL, are presented. As a medium for cooling and lubricating a system of oil-on-water was used. The results show that the cutting force of less than 16%, and also parameters of surface roughness, compared to machining without the use of coolant and lubricants.</text>
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                    <text>SYNTHESİS AND CHARACTERİZATİON OF (BI2O3)1-XY(SM2O3)X(TM2O3)Y TERNARY SYSTEM
Semra Durmuş
DumlupınarUniversity, Kütahya, Turkey
semradurmus@dpu.edu.tr
Muammer Gavas
DumlupınarUniversity, Kütahya, Turkey
gavas@dpu.edu.tr
Hicret Akalan
Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
akalan23@hotmail.com
Tuğba Çifci
Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
tugbacifci@hotmail.com

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are very efficient electro- chemical energy-conversion systems
because of their high energy conversion efficiency, high power density, clean and
environmentally friendly output when hydrogen is used as fuel, and flexibility in using various
fuels. Bi2O3-based materials have been considered as potential materials for solid oxide fuel cell
electrolyte due to their high oxygen ionic conductivity. They have also been shown to be the
most promising electrolytes for intermediate operating temperatures (600–800 0C) of SOFCs
since they have higher oxygen ion conductivity compared with other materials with similar
properties. Many researchers have focused on the properties of oxide doped Bi2O3-based
electrolytes operating at intermediate temperatures and most of them have attempted to
overcome the in stability problems of the materials to obtain better performance in technological
applications

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                <text>DURMUS, Semra
GAVAS, Muammer
AKALAN, Hicret
CIFCI, Tugba</text>
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                <text>Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are very efficient electro- chemical energy-conversion systems because of their high energy conversion efficiency, high power density, clean and environmentally friendly output when hydrogen is used as fuel, and flexibility in using various fuels. Bi2O3-based materials have been considered as potential materials for solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte due to their high oxygen ionic conductivity. They have also been shown to be the most promising electrolytes for intermediate operating temperatures (600–800 0C) of SOFCs since they have higher oxygen ion conductivity compared with other materials with similar properties. Many researchers have focused on the properties of oxide doped Bi2O3-based electrolytes operating at intermediate temperatures and most of them have attempted to overcome the in stability problems of the materials to obtain better performance in technological applications</text>
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                    <text>NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM OXIDE (TIO2) FILMS PRODUCED ON
MICRO-ROUGHENED COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM BY
ANODIC OXIDATION WITH DIFFERENT VOLTAGES
Tuncay Dikici
Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Osman Culha
Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
Recep Yigit
Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Mustafa Toparli
Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Keywords: Dental implants, sandblasting, nanostructured TiO2, surface morphology.

ABSTRACT
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been used for dental implants due to their excellent biological
compatibility, superior mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. The nanometer-sized
roughness and the chemistry have a key role in the interactions of surfaces with proteins and
cells. In this study, commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) discs were treated by sandblasting and
then anodizing. The formation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoporous on sandblasted titanium
substrates was investigated in the electrolytes containing fluoride by electrochemical method.
Anodizing was carried out at the constant cell potential ranging from 20 to 60 V at the
temperature of 25◦C. The nanostructured TiO2 coatings was characterized using, scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS). Sandblasting/anodizing significantly improved the hydrophilicity of Ti.

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                <text>NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM OXIDE (TIO2) FILMS PRODUCED ON MICRO-ROUGHENED COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM BY ANODIC OXIDATION WITH DIFFERENT VOLTAGES</text>
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                <text>DIKICI, Tuncay
CULHA, Osman
YIGIT, Recep
TOPARLI, Mustafa</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Dental implants, sandblasting, nanostructured TiO2, surface morphology.  ABSTRACT  Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been used for dental implants due to their excellent biological compatibility, superior mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. The nanometer-sized roughness and the chemistry have a key role in the interactions of surfaces with proteins and cells. In this study, commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) discs were treated by sandblasting and then anodizing. The formation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoporous on sandblasted titanium substrates was investigated in the electrolytes containing fluoride by electrochemical method. Anodizing was carried out at the constant cell potential ranging from 20 to 60 V at the temperature of 25◦C. The nanostructured TiO2 coatings was characterized using, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sandblasting/anodizing significantly improved the hydrophilicity of Ti.</text>
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                <text>ISSN 2233-1565     </text>
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                    <text>SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
OF ELEKTROPRIVREDA B&amp;H – REQUIREMENTS AND OBJECTIVES
Elvisa Bećirović
EPC Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.becirovic@elektroprivreda.ba
Mustafa Musić
EPC Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
m.music@elektroprivreda.ba
Nedžad Hasanspahić
EPC Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
n.hasanspahic@elektroprivreda.ba
Samir Avdaković
EPC Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
s.avdakovic@elektroprivreda.ba
Keywords:smart grid; regulatory framework; electricity market; distribution activity.

ABSTRACT
In terms of power sector restructuring and electricity market opening there have been significant
changes in the functioning of activities at the level of Public Enterprise Elektroprivreda BiH d.d Sarajevo (EPBiH). Distribution activity in an open electricity market is not a market activity, but
the regulated activity, and although does not participate directly in the electricity market, its
action must allow unhindered development and functioning of the market in which suppliers
competes. The introduction of the smart grid concept in electricity distribution activity is a
particularly challenging area of research due to the actuality and importance. The paper presents
the elements of the business framework of EPBiH in terms of application of modern technologies
in the area of smart grid and the changes that inevitably occur during transition process of energy
sector in general.

�</text>
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                <text>SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION IN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION OF ELEKTROPRIVREDA B&amp;H – REQUIREMENTS AND OBJECTIVES</text>
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                <text>BECIROVIC, Elvisa
MUSIC, Mustafa
HASANSPAHIC, Nedzad
AVDAKOVIC, Samir</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Keywords:smart grid; regulatory framework; electricity market; distribution activity.  ABSTRACT  In terms of power sector restructuring and electricity market opening there have been significant changes in the functioning of activities at the level of Public Enterprise Elektroprivreda BiH d.d - Sarajevo (EPBiH). Distribution activity in an open electricity market is not a market activity, but the regulated activity, and although does not participate directly in the electricity market, its action must allow unhindered development and functioning of the market in which suppliers competes. The introduction of the smart grid concept in electricity distribution activity is a particularly challenging area of research due to the actuality and importance. The paper presents the elements of the business framework of EPBiH in terms of application of modern technologies in the area of smart grid and the changes that inevitably occur during transition process of energy sector in general.</text>
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                    <text>A REVIEW OF ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM IN THE BOLETUS
EDULIS AND LACTARIUS DELICIOSUS
Hayrünisa Baş Sermenli
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
hayba2000@gmail.com
Handan Çınar
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
h.platanus@gmail.com
Mustafa Işıloğlu
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
isiloglu48@gmail.com
Keywords: Boletus edulis; Cadmium; Lactarius deliciosus; macrofungi.
ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution is the most important problem in today’s world. Although their toxic
effects are well-established, heavy metals have still extensive range of application in industry. It
is known that wild mushrooms can accumulate some toxic metals, such as lead, mercury and
cadmium. In this study, lead accumulation levels of Boletus edulis Bull. andLactarius deliciosus
(L.) Gray taxa which are naturally grown and edible, are given.

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                <text>A REVIEW OF ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM IN THE BOLETUS EDULIS AND LACTARIUS DELICIOSUS</text>
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                <text>BAS SERMENLI, Hayrunisa
CINAR, Handan
ISILOGLU, Mustafa</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Boletus edulis; Cadmium; Lactarius deliciosus; macrofungi.  ABSTRACT  Environmental pollution is the most important problem in today’s world. Although their toxic effects are well-established, heavy metals have still extensive range of application in industry. It is known that wild mushrooms can accumulate some toxic metals, such as lead, mercury and cadmium. In this study, lead accumulation levels of Boletus edulis Bull. andLactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray taxa which are naturally grown and edible, are given.</text>
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                    <text>LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF ENERGY, ELECTRICITY AND
ACTIVE POWER DEMAND – BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA CASE
STUDY
Samir Avdaković
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
s.avdakovic@elektroprivreda.ba
Elvisa Bećirović
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
e.becirovic@elektroprivreda.ba
Nedzad Hasanspahić
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
n.hasanspahic@elektroprivreda.ba
Mustafa Musić
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ajla Merzić
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Almir Tuhčić
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
a.tuhcic@elektroprivreda.ba
Jasmina Karadža
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
j.karadza@elektroprivreda.ba
Damir Pešut
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
dpesut@eihp.hr
Alenka Kinderman Lončarević
Electric power company, Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
akinderman@eihp.hr
Keywords: Forecasting; MAED; Energy; Electricity; Active Power.
ABSTRACT
Accurate forecast of electricity consumption is important for every electric power company
because it determines the dynamics and characteristics of future construction of power facilities.
Speaking in the long term, if the forecasts were too low or high, it could cause a number of
adverse events leading electricity companies in the generation deficit or complex financial
problems due to excessive investment in generating facilities that are not fully utilized. This

�paper presents the results of the forecast energy demand, electricity and active power of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (B&amp;H) system, using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED)
methodology. Modelling of base year is done on the basis of available statistical data and trends
in individual sectors upon trends in other European countries. Results were compared with
forecasts that were prepared by other methods in other time periods.

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                <text>LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF ENERGY, ELECTRICITY AND ACTIVE POWER DEMAND – BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA CASE STUDY</text>
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                <text>AVDAKOVIC, Samir
BECIROVIC, Elvisa
HASANSPAHIC, Nedzad
MUSIC, Mustafa
MERZIC, Ajla
TUHCIC, Almir
KARADZA, Jasmina
PESUT, Damir
KINDERMAN LONCAREVIC, Alenka</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Forecasting; MAED; Energy; Electricity; Active Power.  ABSTRACT  Accurate forecast of electricity consumption is important for every electric power company because it determines the dynamics and characteristics of future construction of power facilities. Speaking in the long term, if the forecasts were too low or high, it could cause a number of adverse events leading electricity companies in the generation deficit or complex financial problems due to excessive investment in generating facilities that are not fully utilized. This paper presents the results of the forecast energy demand, electricity and active power of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&amp;H) system, using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED) methodology. Modelling of base year is done on the basis of available statistical data and trends in individual sectors upon trends in other European countries. Results were compared with forecasts that were prepared by other methods in other time periods.</text>
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