Dil, insan yaşamının ve iletişimin en temel gereksinimlerinden biridir. Dil, milletlerin ve kültürlerin geçmişi ve geleceği arasında bir köprü vazifesi görür. Dil sadece insanlar arası iletişimde değil, kültürler ve milletler arası iletişimde de büyük rol oynayan bir unsurdur. Tarih boyunca diller çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı birbirleriyle etkileşim içinde olmuştur. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile diller arası etkileşimin hızı da artmıştır. Yüzyıllar boyunca diller arası etkileşim üzerine çeşitli çalışma ve araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma diller arası etkileşim açısından Türkiye Türkçesinin Sorani Kürtçesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Kürt şair Nâlî’nin Kürtçe divanı taranmıştır. Nâlî, kesin olarak bilinmese de (1797-1856) yılları arasında yaşadığı düşünülmektedir. Kürtçe bir divan yazmıştır ve şiirleri divanı ile günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Kürtçe dışında Türkçe, Arapça ve Farsça da bilmektedir. Şairin divanında aslen Türkçe olan kelime ve dil unsurları tarama ve doküman analizi kullanılarak tespit edilmiş ve yorumlamaları yapılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda 2461 Kürtçe olmayan kelime tespit edilmiştir. Bu kelimelerden 33 tanesi Türkçe, 1647 tanesi Arapça, 761 adeti Farsça ve beş adedi de diğer dillerden geçmiş kelime varlığı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca dört kelimenin de Türkçe ek almış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sekiz adet kelimede dil-edebiyat ortaklığı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üç kelimenin de hibrit kelime olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bu veriler sırasıyla fonetik, tematik, semantik ve etimolojik açılardan gruplandırılmıştır. Nâlî divanı çerçevesinde Türkiye Türkçesinin Sorani Kürtçesinde kayda değer bir etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Türkçenin aynı zamanda başka dillerden de taşıyıcılık yaptığı görülmektedir.


ABSTRACT

Language is one of the main needs for human life and communication. It is a bridge between the past and future of cultures. Language is a key factor not only for human communication but also communication among cultures. Languages interact with each other for many different reasons in history. By the advanced of technology, the interaction between languages is also increased. There are variety of studies on interaction of languages for centuries. This study is prepared to indicate the language interaction and influence of between Turkey`s Turkish on Sorani Kurdish. For this reason, we have scanned Kurdish author Nali`s Divan. Nali is believed to be lived from 1797 to 1856. He wrote a divan, a set of poems, in Kurdish and his poems in his Divan has reached us through the years. He knew Turkish, Arabic and Persian besides Kurdish. In his Divan, we scanned and found out the Turkish originated words and phrases by document analyzing. By this scanning, we found 2461 foreign words. 33 words out of these are Turkish, 1647 words are Arabic, 761 words are Persian, and 5 words from other languages are found after our research. Also, 4 words are added Turkish prefixes and suffixes. And 8 words are commonly used in Turkish and Kurdish literature. 3 words are hybrid words. The outcomes have been categorized by phonetic, thematic, semantic, and etymologic respectively. After all the evaluations, we have found out that there is a significant Turkish influence on Sorani Kurdish in Nali`s Divan. We also found out that Turkish is carrying words from a language to one another.
]]>

En önemli iletişim aracı olan dil, insanın yaratıldığı günden bu yana evrim geçirmekte ve toplumda meydana gelen tüm değişimlere canlı bir tanık olarak her şeyi hatırlamaktadır. Dilbilimcilerin araştırmalarına göre, nesnelerin adlandırılmasının başlangıcı, dil oluşumunun ilk aşaması olarak kabul edilir. İnsan önce çevresindeki canlı ve cansız varlıklara isim vermiş ve toplumun gelişim çizgisinde özel isimlendirme gibi bir aşama ortaya çıkmıştır. Toplumdaki bireyler özel eşyaları ayırt edebilmek için özel isimlere ihtiyaç duymuş ve böylece özel isimler gibi bir kategori oluşturulmuştur. İsimler insanları, hayvanları, bitkileri, yerleri, kabileleri, tayfa ve farklı insan topluluklarını ayırt etmede önemli bir rol oynamaya başlamıştır. Özel adlar yüzyıllardır dilbilim araştırmalarının en önemli konusu olmuş ve dilbilimin diğer alanlarında yardımcı kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Yüksek lisanz tez çalışması olan "Modern Azerbaycan ve Tatar antroponimlerinin Sözlüksel ve Semantik Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması”da araştırma konusu olarak, Dilbilim Onomoloji Bölümü'nün antroponimi kategorisi esas alınmıştır. Dillerin etkilendikleri değişimler sonucunda ortaya çıkan yenilikler bilimsel olarak araştırılmış, farklı ve ortak özellikler örneklerle tablolar halinde toplanmıştır. Tezde kullanılan antroponimler kadın ve erkek isimlerini içeriyor. Sunulan antroponimler anlam gruplarına göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan antroponimler aracılığıyla Azerbaycan ve Tatar onomastiğinin benzerlikleri, farklılıkları ve ortak özellikleri esas müzakere konusu olmuştur. Sonuçta her iki dilin tarihsel dil yakınlığına dair değerli bilgiler toplanmıştır.


ABSTRACT

Language, which is the most important means of communication, has been evolving since the day man was created, and remembers everything as a living testimony to all the changes that have taken place in society. According to the researches of linguists, the naming of objects is considered to be the beginning, the first stage of language formation. Man first gave names to the living and non-living beings around him, and a stage appeared in the development of society, such as special naming. Individuals in the society needed special names in order to be able to distinguish special things, and a category such as special names was created. Names have begun to play an important role in distinguishing people, animals, plants, places, tribes and different human communities. Private names have been the most important subject of linguistic research for centuries and have been used as an ancillary resource in other fields of linguistics. The study of "Comparison of lexical and semantic features of modern Azerbaijani and Tatar anthroponyms", a highly licensed thesis, is based on the anthroponymy section of the Department of Linguistics Onomology. It is being studied here. The innovations that emerged as a result of the changes in which languages are influenced have been scientifically investigated, and different and common features have been collected in the form of tables with examples. The similarities, differences and common aspects of Azerbaijani and Tatar onomastics have been the main subject of discussion through the anthroponyms used in the study. As a result, valuable information about the historical linguistic proximity of both languages has been collected.]]>

English translation:

Most of the 3’rd and 4’th new generation children of Turkish origin families living in Germany have communication problems speaking their main language which is Turkish. Individuals who can’t develop their language skills can’t convey exactly what they want to convey to the other party because they can’t express themselves well in that language. In a research, the speech errors of these children who lived in Germany and grew up bilingual were examined in detail and solutions were presented to correct these errors. These students, who have problems in speaking Turkish, use a language where Turkish and German is mixed. The data were obtained through observation within the scope of qualitative research. The Turkish speaking skills of 159 bilingual students who took Turkish courses optionally in 5 different schools in the Ennepe-Ruhr region, which consists of nine cities in the German state of North-Rhine-Westphalia, were observed during the lesson and their speech errors were classified to grammatical categories. The data obtained were evaluated and interpreted by content and descriptive analysis. It was determined that these students couldn’t express themselves correctly in Turkish, it was observed that they used a mixed language, and it was determined that they had communication problems with people who dont speak German. ]]>
Respected readers,
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed biannual journal
that aims at the publication and dissemination of original research articles on the latest
developments in the fundamental theory, practice and application of engineering, science, and
technology. We provide a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners,
and students to impart and share knowledge in the form of high-quality empirical and
theoretical research papers. The journal covers all areas of genetics and bioengineering,
electrical and electronics engineering, information technology, architecture, applied
mathematics, computer sciences, and civil engineering.

In this second issue in 2022, I would like to express my gratitude to our authors and
manuscript reviewers for their unselfish effort. You have continued your commitment and
diligence to the Journal in helping us to produce quality and meaningful content that has the
opportunity to advance the field. All of us had personal and professional challenges due to
return to in-class teaching and dynamic experiences we have all witnessed in terms of changes
in how the higher education functions in the post-pandemic period, and yet despite this, we
managed to assure continuous publication of our Journal. Thank you all for being part of this
wonderful academic endeavor.
This issue is comprised of three articles. A review article we are presenting you stands at the
crossroad of biochemistry and molecular biology and deals with the current state of knowledge
related to the hydrophobic interaction chromatography as an experimental method. Two
original papers come from two different areas; one is dedicated to machine learning and
another to solar irradiation.

In the end, we plan to build upon the excellent editorial infrastructure in the next years. In
addition to managing the normal turnover of the Editorial Board members, we will seek to
expand it by recruiting additional members who can provide expertise in areas that are not
currently well represented. In particular, we hope to recruit board members with expertise in
such areas as statistical and biostatistical methods, computer science, bioengineering, and
biomedical engineering, among others. We also hope to leverage the expertise of the Editorial
Board members to train the next generation of scholars and potential Editorial Board members
by finding ways to pair student reviewers with senior reviewers for a peer-review mentorship
as a part of building a better research environment for new scientists. A similar approach is
planned for the administrative members of the Editorial Board, with the aim of improving the
quality of the overall Journal design and acquiring a modern visual identity.

Having in mind all stated, I wholeheartedly invite you to read this issue and join our team.

Yours sincerely,
Adna Ašić, PhD
Editor in Chief
]]>
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography: A Key Method for Protein Separation Nermana Kovačević, Mohammad Tariq AL-Boush
Literature review
(pg. 2 - 13)
Solar Irradiation Prediction Based on M5 Model Tree and Feature Importance Evaluation
Lejla Idrizović, Lejla Lulić Skopljak, Faris Haznadarević, Haris Ahmetović
Original research
(pg. 14 - 25)
Letter Recognition Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Merima Ćeranić, Samed Jukić
Original research
(pg. 26 - 37)
]]>
]]>
them into strings, and these strings are used for testing, training and calculating prediction accuracy. The methodologies used are Convolutional neural network and Recurrent neural network. The convolutional neural network consist of neurons that receive data and group them according to similarity. A recurrent neural network cycle can be created between the connections of nodes, allowing the output from nodes to influence the subsequent input to other nodes. For data were used Re-Captcha images, and for the prediction of characters from images was used TensorFlow with Keras. The best results that are produced can be compared between first and last result, where the loss for first result was 20.63 and value loss was 16.45, while last result has loss of 0.56 and value loss of 2.96.]]> ]]> are also some negatives like direct dependence on the weather conditions. That means energy production is constantly changing, so it must be as precisely as possible predicted to be usable on a large scale. Fifteen attributes were analyzed using M5 regression tree.
High positive degree of correlation was found between participle water and dew point temperature, air temperature with dew point, air temperature with precipitation of water, snow depth with Albedo daily, zenith angle with relative humidity, GHI with Air temperature. It was found that the zenith angle, between the normal of the Earth’s surface and the Sun, was the most important feature of the dataset for solar irradiation prediction.]]>
]]>
]]> Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed biannual journal
that aims at the publication and dissemination of original research articles on the latest
developments in the fundamental theory, practice and application of engineering, science, and
technology. We provide a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners,
and students to impart and share knowledge in the form of high-quality empirical and
theoretical research papers. The journal covers all areas of genetics and bioengineering,
electrical and electronics engineering, information technology, architecture, applied
mathematics, computer sciences, and civil engineering.

In this first issue in 2022, I would like to express my gratitude to our authors and manuscript
reviewers for their unselfish effort. You have continued your commitment and diligence to the
Journal in helping us to produce quality and meaningful content that has the opportunity to
advance the field. All of us had personal and professional challenges due to the pandemic and
return to in-class teaching and yet despite this, we managed to assure continuous publication
of our Journal. Thank you all for being part of this wonderful academic endeavor.
This issue is dedicated to natural sciences only, whereby we have two original research articles
and two review articles. Original articles are dealing with testing results for the patients in the
Canton Sarajevo, one related to biochemical blood analyses and another to cancer genetics.
When it comes to literature reviews, we are changing the pace and are pointing our interest
towards plants; the reviews are dealing with plants in medicine and environmental science.

In the end, we plan to build upon the excellent editorial infrastructure in the next years. In
addition to managing the normal turnover of the Editorial Board members, we will seek to
expand it by recruiting additional members who can provide expertise in areas that are not
currently well represented. In particular, we hope to recruit board members with expertise in
such areas as statistical and biostatistical methods, computer science, bioengineering, and
biomedical engineering, among others. We also hope to leverage the expertise of the Editorial
Board members to train the next generation of scholars and potential Editorial Board members
by finding ways to pair student reviewers with senior reviewers for a peer-review mentorship
as a part of building a better research environment for new scientists. A similar approach is
planned for the administrative members of the Editorial Board, with the aim of improving the
quality of the overall Journal design and acquiring a modern visual identity.

Having in mind all stated, I wholeheartedly invite you to read this issue and join our team.

Yours sincerely,
Adna Ašić
Editor in Chief]]>
Phytoremediation: A Green Approach to Fight Heavy Metal Contamination in the Soil Jasmin Novalic
Literature review
(pg. 2 - 11)
The Presence of Bioactive Compounds in Plants of the Amaranthaceae Family and Their Use in Medicine: A Review
Lejla Kadric
Literature review
(pg. 12 - 31)
Comparison Test of Sensitivity Between Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Hotspot Panel and Droplet Digital PCR of KRAS G12 / G13 Mutation
Azra Hajdarevic, Lana Salihefendic, Rijad Konjhodzic, Adis Kandic, Ivana Ceko, Dino Pecar, Muhamed Curic, Amina Kurtovic – Kozaric
Original research
(pg. 32 - 41)
The Assessment of the General Health Status of the Sarajevo Canton Residents Through General Biochemical Testing Results
Faris Ramic
Original research
(pg. 42 - 55) ]]>
]]>
Sarajevo Canton residents by analyzing the biochemical test results for the
samples from the study cohort collected in 2021 for the following testing panels:
lipid panel, liver panel, thyroid panel, electrolyte panel, and prostate panel.
Along with the biochemical components that are tested, their physiological
importance and consequences of deregulation, we are introducing the reasons
for ordering the tests, as well as potential findings and conclusions from the
testing results. Devices that were used for this research are Gesan Chem 200
(Gesan Production, Campobello di Mazara, Italy) and Architect 1000 (Abbot,
Chicago, IL), both operated according to manufacturer’s instructions. The
collection of demographic data and test results was performed through usage of
Laboratory Information System (LIS). Test results of the study participants
were compared with referent values, as provided for the population average.
Initial results were summarized and compared through descriptive statistics,
while the exact test of goodness-of-fit was used to assess the compliance of
observed data with expected referent values. Demographic trends, in terms of
which sex and/or age group are more likely to have any tested parameter
deregulated, either increased or decreased, are presented and discussed in
detail. Finally, recommendations for future testing and prophylaxis are given.]]>
Canton, health status]]> ]]>
and Droplet Digital PCR of KRAS G12 / G13 Mutation]]> presence of genomic alterations including DNA mutations, deletions, insertions,
translocations, inversions, and others. KRAS gene is one of the most mutated
genes across different cancer types. The most common mutations in KRAS are
found in codons 12 and 13 of KRAS protein, which are associated with a lack of
response to anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody therapy. This
study assessed and compared the performance between two diagnostic methods:
droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS). The main
goal was to determine KRAS G12 / G13 mutant allele fraction using NGS and to
compare the accuracy toddPCR. A total of 28 samples of non – small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) were analyzed using ddPCR and
NGS methods. Our results show that even though both methods exhibited high
rate of concordance and correlation, the study proved that ddPCR is more
superior when it comes to detecting low frequency mutations. Even though strong
correlation was observed, based on the values obtained, we concluded that ddPCR
is more accurate, reliable, and sensitive in comparison with NGS.]]>
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