79 10 3494 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/dd9d026986a6196243477438e8d1efbd.docx 0f2d5ced2595370739f6975221225e0f https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/c846bd6bc30e4c2b4b71a30789830e46.pdf d8374b1e8649e09bc3fd857472c875d4 PDF Text Text Developing Cross-Cultural Reflections: Exploring French Culture through Stereotypes Isabelle Drewelow University of Alabama/ Tuscaloosa, United States Key words: cross-cultural awareness, French, stereotypes, ABSTRACT The foreign language teaching profession widely recognizes the central place of culture in foreign language learning and the need for learners to develop intercultural understanding and cross-cultural awareness (Agar, 1994; Block, 2003; Omaggio Hadley, 2001; Schulz, 2007; Su, 2011). But how should foreign language teachers go about it? Sercu (2002) observed that the tendency when teaching culture is to focus on facts and information using a teachercentered approach rather than a student-centered hypotheses-refining approach more conducive to developing critical perspectives. This presentation introduces a series of tasks, designed for the early stages of French language instruction and articulated around the notion of cultural stereotypes. The goal is to propose a practical approach to broaden learners’ frame of references, foster interest in the French culture, and encourage critical reflection by providing opportunities for teachers and learners to jointly critique and assess stereotypes across cultures. Stereotypes provide a rich source for the exploration of the notion of culture and the promotion of cross-cultural reflections and understanding in the foreign language classroom because most often stereotyped images of a culture are rendered possible based on information available in that culture. When addressed and brought up to light, stereotypes can trigger a wide range of responses because whether or not they subscribe to them, learners are aware of their native culture’ stereotypes regarding the target culture. The proposed tasks are designed to involve both learners and teachers in developing progressively during the first-semester of French instruction a cross-cultural awareness, thus providing a student-centered learning experience where learners and instructors are both providers of knowledge. Using collectively co-constructed images and cultural representations present in their native culture as a foundation, the tasks move from collaborative discovery in the classroom, using songs and cartoons, to increasingly individual creative exploration through digital storytelling outside the classroom. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1754 Title A name given to the resource Developing Cross-Cultural Reflections: Exploring French Culture through Stereotypes Author Author DREWELOW, Isabelle Abstract A summary of the resource. Key words: cross-cultural awareness, French, stereotypes, ABSTRACT The foreign language teaching profession widely recognizes the central place of culture in foreign language learning and the need for learners to develop intercultural understanding and cross-cultural awareness (Agar, 1994; Block, 2003; Omaggio Hadley, 2001; Schulz, 2007; Su, 2011). But how should foreign language teachers go about it? Sercu (2002) observed that the tendency when teaching culture is to focus on facts and information using a teacher-centered approach rather than a student-centered hypotheses-refining approach more conducive to developing critical perspectives. This presentation introduces a series of tasks, designed for the early stages of French language instruction and articulated around the notion of cultural stereotypes. The goal is to propose a practical approach to broaden learners’ frame of references, foster interest in the French culture, and encourage critical reflection by providing opportunities for teachers and learners to jointly critique and assess stereotypes across cultures. Stereotypes provide a rich source for the exploration of the notion of culture and the promotion of cross-cultural reflections and understanding in the foreign language classroom because most often stereotyped images of a culture are rendered possible based on information available in that culture. When addressed and brought up to light, stereotypes can trigger a wide range of responses because whether or not they subscribe to them, learners are aware of their native culture’ stereotypes regarding the target culture. The proposed tasks are designed to involve both learners and teachers in developing progressively during the first-semester of French instruction a cross-cultural awareness, thus providing a student-centered learning experience where learners and instructors are both providers of knowledge. Using collectively co-constructed images and cultural representations present in their native culture as a foundation, the tasks move from collaborative discovery in the classroom, using songs and cartoons, to increasingly individual creative exploration through digital storytelling outside the classroom. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBU Publishing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-03 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 876 Title A name given to the resource Developing Cultural Scripts for Congratulation Strategies in British English and Turkish: A Suggestion for Foreign Language Teaching Author Author Can, Humeyra Abstract A summary of the resource. The experiences that we have throughout our lives enable us to live culturally because we are influenced and shaped by the culture and we actively act on and reconstruct cultural elements in our social environment (Atkinson, 1999). This highlights the importance of the development of cultural awareness for successful communication especially in a world where intercultural communication is now inevitable. One way of reaching the cultural information in a particular society is by closely studying its speech acts (Wierzbicka, 1985). This study aims to find out the strategies in the performance of the speech act of congratulation in British English and Turkish using a corpus approach and to formulate cultural scripts using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach (NSM). NSM is said to ease intercultural communication by providing a natural language that can be understood by people from different backgrounds and that helps to understand speech practices from the perspective of the speakers themselves (Goddard & Wierzbicka, 2007; Goddard, 2009). To collect the data, the study follows a corpus approach whereby the performative verbs (i.e., English congratulation and Turkish tebrik and kutlama) and their various lexical forms are searched for in various corpora (i.e., BYU-British National Corpus, METU Turkish Corpus, Google) from the newspaper and blog genres. The contexts where the congratulation was directly performed were selected and examined qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study show that there are some cultural differences as well as similarities in the performance of congratulation, which can be presented in a cultural script. It is suggested that the cultural scripts be used as language teaching sources specifically for the development of intercultural communicative competence, which includes the cultural knowledge and awareness that will help interlocutors ‘survive’ in new contexts by using the language in socially and culturally appropriate ways (Byram et al., 2002). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05-04 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3507 Title A name given to the resource DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES IN AN ELT CLASSROOM Author Author Radosavlevikj, Neda Abstract A summary of the resource. Student assessment plays central and important role when teaching and learning. Diagnostic assessment is one way to measure the effectiveness of Implemented programs as well as students’ academic background. In this paper I will discuss the importance of diagnostic testing in measuring students’ language skills. I used a diagnostic test in my class in order to test students’ strengths and weaknesses as well as see how much they know and what I need to re-teach in my class. It helped me plan learning activities tailored according to students’ current level of knowledge. Implementing diagnostic testing was particulary effective with mix abilities group of students’ that come from diverse cultural and academic background. Keywords: Assessment, diagnostic testing, assessment for learning, objectives and criteria, self and peerassessment Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed PE English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1038 Title A name given to the resource Developing Language, Literature, Culture University Curriculum – Challenges and Perspectives Author Author Stojicic , Vojkan Ćorković, Mirjana Marković, Ljiljana Abstract A summary of the resource. As a key educational institution in Serbia that deals with fostering, developing and disseminating knowledge in the field of philology, and which at all levels of academic study educates professionals in modern foreign languages, literature and culture, Faculty of Philology of Belgrade University started the process of creating, preparing documentation and accreditation of Language, Literature, Culture university curricula at undergraduate, graduate academic (Masters) and doctoral studies. Realizing that knowledge of foreign languages ​​and cultures fundamentally contributes to the social and political processes in democratic society in the multilingual European zone education, study program Language, Literature, Culture educates philologists in various fields, bringing together higher education activities and research activities, as components of the unique process of higher education. The authors describe the structure of the study program, the way of course organization, and comment their first experiences after first three years of teaching in this program of study. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05-04 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1034 Title A name given to the resource Developing teacher identity: Acquiring pedagogical competencies through pre-service English language teacher education Author Author Isanović , Amina Abstract A summary of the resource. The main objective of this paper is to discuss possibilities of teacher identity development through pre-service English language teacher education. Teacher identity is here defined as a set of pedagogical competencies (knowledge, skills, abilities, values and attitudes) incorporated in one’s teaching philosophy and strategies. The issue of teacher identity development is positioned between the normative discourse on traditionally valued model of the ideal teacher and the more contemporary idiosyncratic discourse directed to developing individual type of professional self. While the first model is acquired through pre-service teacher education, the latter is developed either from the dispositions of talented young teacher or from the years of practice of experienced teacher. It is the intention of this paper to view which model of teacher identity is most preferred among English language senior year students preparing for teaching service. Focus group technique is conveyed, raising two main questions: a) What elements of teacher identity English language students find relevant for their future professional identity? and b) Which model of teacher identity is fostered through pedagogical courses offered in their pre-service curriculum? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/8350b5d69c0b41f23d8ed4cb3d1e9532.pdf ddb2c79626f5017e021ddb9c44afdcf5 PDF Text Text DEVELOPMENT OF A BANK SECURITY SYSTEM USING PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) Anis Skopak International Burch University Bosnia and Herzegovina anis.skopak@gmail.com Semir Sakanovic International Burch University Bosnia and Herzegovina symorgh13@gmail.com Abstract: The aim of this project is to solve the bank security problems (robbery, illegal weapons, and the safety of employees) caused by lack of the security in the banks. This project is divided into two parts which are hardware and software. A kind of bank security system by using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) was designed, and the automatic control of the bank security system was performed by software. The hardware part is the model of one bank containing two front doors, one door of the vault room, and some sensors. The limit switches, doors and sensors are connected to Zelio PLC Schneider SR3B261BD. The PLC controls every signal which is coming from the inputs (Limit switch) to software and display to the outputs (Doors). Using software, Function Block Diagrams (FBD) are programmed to control the traffic light. Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller, Function Block Diagrams, PLC, FBD Introduction This is an era when control and disposition increase, and signal integrity problems are getting more and more severe, and time when design teams are available to solve these problems and design new products in short time. This is an era when Programmable logic control (PLC) is exchanging many other components and devices. There is huge fan of reasons why, here are some of them: they are more practical, simpler, very fast, cooperative, payable, etc. Many successful companies are those that using PLCs overcoming their integrity and implementation problems. In highspeed production, accuracy and correctness are very crucial and one of the most important parameters. By understanding the fundamental principles of guideline and controlling PLCs at the engineering level, every engineer involved in this field process can see the impact of PLCs on the system performance. The main advantage and factor is that PLCs can work on 220V as well as 24V, and we can say that PLCs have huge scope of work. A programmable logic controller (PLC) is and industrial computer used to control and automate complex systems. Programmable logic controllers are a relatively recent development in a process control technology. It is designed for use in an industrial environment, which uses a programmable memory for the integral storage of user-oriented instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetic to control through digital or analog inputs and outputs, various types of machines or processes.Programmable logic controllers are used throughout industry to control and monitor a wide range of machines and other movable components and systems. PLC is used to monitor input signals from a variety of input points (input sensors) which report events and conditions occurring in ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book 15 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies (ICESoS’16) a controlled process. Programmable logic controllers are typically found in factory type settings. A typical programmable logic controller employs a backplane to serve as the communications bus for interconnecting the PLC processor with the array of individual input/output devices with which the processor interacts in terms of receiving input data for use in executing the control program and transmitting control data for use in controlling the targeted objects. A PLC includes a rack into which a plurality of input/output cards may be placed. A rack includes several slots into which these input/output cards are installed. Each input/output card has a plurality of I/O points. The I/O modules are typically pluggable into respective slots located on a backplane board in the PLC. An I/O bus couples the cards in the slots back to the processor of the programmable logic controller. The slots are coupled together by a main bus which couples any I/O modules plugged into the slots to a central processing unit (CPU). The CPU itself can be located on a card which is pluggable into a dedicated slot on the backplane of the PLC. The particular processor employed in a PLC together with the particular choice of input and output cards installed in the PLC rack are often referred to as the hardware configuration of the programmable logic controller. The primary aim of this project is to analyze the scope of PLCs, how to solve problems and create efficient algorithms which help solve some particular problem. In this case, that is bank security system and how to solve security problems in the bank. Programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC) is and industrial computer used to control and automate complex systems. Programmable logic controllers are a relatively recent development in a process control technology. It is designed for use in an industrial environment, which uses a programmable memory for the integral storage of useroriented instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetic to control through digital or analog inputs and outputs, various types of machines or processes. Programmable logic controllers are used throughout industry to control and monitor a wide range of machines and other movable components and systems. PLC is used to monitor input signals from a variety of input points (input sensors) which report events and conditions occurring in a controlled process. Programmable logic controllers are typically found in factory type settings. A typical programmable logic controller employs a backplane to serve as the communications bus for interconnecting the PLC processor with the array of individual input/output devices with which the processor interacts in terms of receiving input data for use in executing the control program and transmitting control data for use in controlling the targeted objects. A PLC includes a rack into which a plurality of input/output cards may be placed. A rack includes several slots into which these input/output cards are installed. Each input/output card has a plurality of I/O points. The I/O modules are typically pluggable into respective slots located on a backplane board in the PLC. An I/O bus couples the cards in the slots back to the processor of the programmable logic controller. The slots are coupled together by a main bus which couples any I/O modules plugged into the slots to a central processing unit (CPU). The CPU itself can be located on a card which is pluggable into a dedicated slot on the backplane of the PLC. The particular processor employed in a PLC together with the particular choice of input and output cards installed in the PLC rack are often referred to as the hardware configuration of the programmable logic controller. 16 ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book �Regional Economic Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation PLC Arhitecture PLC Device The hardware configuration also includes the particular addresses which the I/O cards. Each option module typically has a plurality of input/output points. The option modules are coupled through an interface bus, for example via a backplane, to a main controller having a microprocessor executing a user program. Option modules may also include a microprocessor and a memory containing separate user programs and data directed to a particular operation of the PLC system. During the execution of a stored control program, the PLC’s read inputs from the controlled process and, per the logic of the control program, provide outputs to the controlled process. The outputs typically provide analog or binary voltages or “contacts” implemented by solid state switching devices. PLC’s are normally constructed in modular fashion to allow them to be easily reconfigured to meet the demands of the particular process being controlled. The processor and I/O circuitry are normally constructed as separate modules that may be inserted in a chassis and connected together through a common backplane using permanent or releasable electrical connectors. System Hardware The hardware part of this project is Programmable logic controller (PLC) and a bank security model. SCHNEIDER ZELIO SR3B261BD is the type of PLC used in this project as the processor to control the bank security system. This type of PLC is chosen because of its characteristics which shown optimal for this particular application. The bank security model is constructed to display how this bank security system is running. This bank security model has gates (doors), switches, sensors, speakers, indicator lights, displays. It has three main parts split into two categories. First is modeling, second is wiring system and third is programing the PLC. Modeling and wiring system belong to the first category and programing to the second. The right connection between PLC and bank security model is very important because it can avoid problem or conflict when the program is transferred to the PLC. The bank security model consists of the following components: • • • • • • Six switches Four sensors Three gates (doors) Three speakers Three indicator lights Two displays ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book 17 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies (ICESoS’16) The six switches that this model has are divided into two “Open gate (door) switches”, three “Close gate (door) switches” and one “Security Room Switch”. The purpose of the two “Open gate (door) switches” is to open gates (doors) in the bank. The purpose of the three “Close gate (door) switches” is to close gates (doors) in the bank, and the one “Security Room Switch” is to turn off the alarm in the bank. In this model we have these four sensors which are presence sensors. We have one presence sensor that opens the main door of the bank, second one is detecting weapon while entering the bank, third one is in vault room and the fourth one is the laser presence sensor which is activated when the bank is not working.Next, we have three doors, two of them are front doors of the bank and one of them is for the vault room.Also, we have three speakers used for alarm system. One of them is in vault room, second one is located where the weapon presence sensor is, and the third one is when the laser sensor is in “On” state when the bank is not working.The three indicator lights are positioned like the three speakers and they are also activated at the same time as speakers. End at last we have two displays that are placed in front of vault room and in the vault room. These displays are for entering the password while entering or leaving the vault room. Once hardware is designed cabinet box is use to connect PLC with the bank security model. A basic wiring diagram is as shown in Figure 7. The PLC supplied with DC power 24V and then I/O card supplied with DC 24V. The common for input card is 24VDC. Using a smart relay means that ordinary switches (with open or closed positions) can be used in place of two position switches. The switches are identified as S1 and S2 in the wiring diagram above. S1 and S2 are connected to inputs I1 and I2 on the smart relay. The operating principle is as follows: Each time the status of inputs I1 and I2 changes, the status of output Q1 also changes which controls the lamp L1, in our care is can be one of the gates. The figure above is just for the illustration purpose only. Schneider Zelio SR3B261BD 16/10 Smart relays are designed to simplify the electrical wiring of intelligent solutions. A smart relay is very simple to implement. Its flexibility and its high performance allow users to save significant amounts of time and money. A Zelio SR3B261BD is typically digital device using relay on the output. Generally voltage limits is between 19.2 – 30V, and 4mA discrete current input. It has 16 inputs and 10 outputs connected to the 24V DC power supply with the power 0.2W and max current 8A or 5A with conversion error ±5% at 25 ºC, and ±6.2% at 55 ºC. It has local display on the main side. Number or color scheme lines <= 200 with FBD programming and 120 with ladder programming. Response time is 10ms (from state 0 to state 1) for relay output, and 5ms (from state 1 to state 0) for relay output. Ambient air temperature for operation is between-20 ºC and +40 ºC. Instead of relay we can used also transistors which are more productive and more frequently used in the practice. Relay can handle more current then transistor output but the transistor output is faster than relay because of that there is no mechanical time constant like the relay mechanical contact, also the durability of the transistor output is higher from the number of ON/OFF point of view. One thing to consider is that, most PLCs with transistor outputs, is cheaper than PLC with relay outputs, and of course it has a longer life also it is faster, so it offers more options than a simple relay output. We should always use transistor output cards and put an interface relays to protect them against any damage. In other words, use a transistor output to trigger a relay, and connect the load to the relay. Relay Outputs typically can handle a larger load and either AC or DC signals. Most PLCs are typically 2 amp relays. A typical transistor output is 5 amps. Unless you’re running lights or other low current devices, you will require an interposing device, be it solid state relay or mechanical 18 ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book �Regional Economic Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation relay. The greatest advantages of a transistor output are speed and life cycle. They can turn on in 1 ms or less and with no armature or moving parts, will last much longer than a relay. Keep in mind that whether relay or transistor, life cycle will depend on the amount of current required to turn on the output device. The higher the current, the shorter the life cycle and vice versa. It is amazing how many PLC manufacturers offer products with less than adequate output ratings, given the many uses for PLCs. Even with a 2 amp relay output, many applications still require interposing relays. You would think that they would take this into account when designing their products. System software The main task is concerning software development to make modules according to the Hardware diagram and model. Zelio Soft 2 is program used to make these modules that are written in Function Block Diagram (FBD). Function Block Diagram PLC Function Block Diagrams (FBD) is a graphical language that allows the user to program elements in “blocks”. The blocks can then be wired together like electrical circuits. FBD is one of the languages supported by IEC 1131. A function block diagram is a diagram which describes a function between input variables and output variables. A function is described as a set of elementary blocks. Inputs and outputs of the blocks are wired together with connection lines, or links. Single lines may be used to connect two logical points of the diagram: • An input variable and an input of a block. • An output of a block and an input of another block. • An output of a block and an output variable. Zelio Soft 2 is a comprehensive multilingual application designed to help us program the Zelio Logic smart relays. There are eight module categories, each displaying a picture and a full description of the characteristics such as power supply, discreet input/output, clock, language, screen keyboard, and reference, which makes them very easy to identify. This program offers a simple way to configure the modules that are written in Ladder Diagram, Function Block Diagram, or both. When programming, we can set a wide range of parameters dealing with counters, winter/summer functions, timers, auxiliary relays, fast counters. We can also set the date format, time zone, and so on. In case of an error alarm, we can define the type of message that will be displayed, when to send a message and who will receive it via telephone or e-mail. We can also enter one or more users that can send control commands. Both the user interface and the simulation languages can be switched into English, Spanish, German, Italian, or French. This program can be downloaded and used free of charge. It is also possible to get this programming solution on a CD from distributors. Zelio Soft 2 can run under all versions of Windows. One of the benefits of this type of PLC is Quick programming. From an intuitive interface, create and modify programs in record time using an extensive number of “drag and drop” pre-programmed functions. Types of languages: Ladder and Function Block Diagram (FBD). ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book 19 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies (ICESoS’16) Software of bank security system using Function Block Diagram (FBD) For better understanding software, FBD is divided into several stages. The first part is used to control two front gates (doors) and weapon presence sensor (detector), second to control vault room, and third to control the alarm system when the bank is not working (non-working hours). More in depth about these stages will be expostulate later on this chapter. FBD application There are several block which are controlling this bank security system. First one is for detecting weapon in the bank, second one is for controlling the vault room, and the third one is for controlling the bank when the bank is not working, means the laser presence sensor will be activated on non-working hours. The full system will be described on following papers. Case I First case is when the bank is working (working hours) and where there is no weapon detection. So, while entering the bank the “presence sensor” which is located in front of the gate (door) of the bank will be activated and the gate (door) will be opened. After entering the bank the weapon “presence sensor (detector)” will detect if there is any weapon located on the person that entered the bank. If all clean, the person will be able to enter to the main hall of the bank after employee press the “Switch” to open the second gate (door). Case I 20 ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book �Regional Economic Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Case II Second case is when the bank is working (working hours) but where the weapon detection is detected. So, while entering the bank the “presence sensor” which is located in front of the gate (door) of the bank will be activated and the gate (door) will be opened. After entering the bank the “weapon presence sensor (detector)” will detect if there is any weapon located on the person that entered the bank. In this case the person that entered the bank had weapon and the “alarm” and “indicator light” are in “On” state. All gates are closed, and even if the employee is forced to open the gate by pressing the “Switch”, he will not be able to open because when the alarm is in “On” state, only the “Switch” in the security room can turn “Off” the “alarm” and then the gate (door) can be opened, otherwise when the “alarm” is in “On” state, nothing can be opened till alarm goes to “Off” state. So, the person who has the weapon can only surrender to the police or to the security employee in the bank. After the person decide to surrender, the security guy can turn “On” the “Switch” in the security room and the “alarm” will be in “Off” state. But still employee that is in charge to open gate (door) cannot open the gate (door) until security employee comes and open the gate (door) from the other side. So, to conclude this, only the security employee can switch “Off” the “alarm” and can open the gate (door) after the alarm went to “Off” state from the “On” state. Case II ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book 21 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies (ICESoS’16) Case III Third case is when the bank is working (working hours), but now the bank employee wants to enter to vault room. So, if the bank employee wants to enter to vault room, he/she will need to press the “Switch” for opening the gate (door) of the vault room. After pressing the “Switch” which opens the gate (door) of the vault room, the “display” which is located in front of the vault room will ask the employee to enter the password to be able to enter to vault room. If the employee has entered the right password, the gate (door) of the vault room will open and the employee can enter. After employee has entered into vault room, the “presence sensor” which is located in the vault room will close the gate (door) of the vault room, and the “small alarm” and “indicator light” will be in “On” state to indicate that somebody is in vault room. When employee wants to leave the vault room, he/she will need to press the “Switch” which is located inside the vault room to open the gate (door) of the vault room. When “Switch” is in the “On” state, again employee will need to enter the password, but this time different one, because for the more security, and if employee has entered the right password, the gate (door) of the vault room will open. After employee has left the vault room, the “presence sensor” will detect that there is nobody in vault room and sensor will close gate (door) of the vault room. And the “small alarm” and “indicator light” will go to “Off” state. Case III 22 ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book �Regional Economic Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Case III Case IV Case four is when the bank is not working (non-working hours). All gates are closed and only the “laser presence sensor” is in “On” state. If nothing happens in the bank, the “laser presence sensor” will go to “Off” state when working hours of the bank start. But, if somebody wants to robber the bank, the “laser” will detect the criminal and the “alarm” and “indicator light” will be activated and they will be in “On” state. None of the gates (doors) can be opened till “alarm” is in “On” state. Again, only person in security room can shut down the “alarm” and only after that gates (doors) can be opened. ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book 23 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies (ICESoS’16) Case IV Conclusion This chapter summarized the concept of this thesis. Chapter 2 shows some basic properties of Zelio PLC like function, construction, operation, application etc. Chapter 3 explains very useful method of PLC application in the field. Also in this chapter was construction of the model, wiring system, advantages and disadvantages of the relay and transistor output are mentioned. In Chapter 4, developed application is presented using FBD. An Intelligent Bank Security System that used the PLC to control a security in the bank has been successfully developed. The PLC program (FBD) for implement the two modes of bank security system operation; Working hours Mode and Non-Working hours Mode, have been designed completely and can be operated effectively. All testing has been done successfully, without any error. The aim of this project is to minimize the robbery in banks and it is accomplished successfully. The primary aim of this project is to demonstrate the usefulness of the programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller and how it can be implemented in the field. The usefulness of the built program is that it can be used in various applications and can be extended to have additional features. It is almost impossible to give all possible future work concerning extended built code, but because it has various advantages it can be used to extend the bank security system, airport security system, jewelry stores, other important buildings, etc. 24 ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book �Regional Economic Development: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Reference Daniel Kandray, Programmable Automation Technologies, Industrial Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0-8311-3346-7, Chapter 8 Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers E. A. Parr, Industrial Control Handbook, Industrial Press Inc., 1999 ISBN 0-8311-3085-7 M. A. Laughton, D. J. Warne (ed), Electrical Engineer’s Reference book, 16th edition,Newnes, 2003 Chapter 16 Programmable Controller “The father of invention: Dick Morley looks back on the 40th anniversary of the PLC”. Manufacturing Automation. 12 September 2008. Harms, Toni M. & Kinner, Russell H. P.E., Enhancing PLC Performance with Vision Systems. 18th Annual ESD/HMI International Programmable Controllers Conference Proceedings, 1989, p. 387-399. Maher, Michael J. Real-Time Control and Communications. 18th Annual ESD/SMI International Programmable Controllers Conference Proceedings, 1989, p. 431-436. Kinner, Russell H., P.E. Designing Programmable Controller Application Programs Using More than One Designer. 14th Annual International Programmable Controllers Conference Proceedings, 1985, p. 97-110. W. Bolton, Programmable Logic Controllers, Fifth Edition, Newnes, 2009 ISBN 978-185617-751-1, Chapter 1 Keller, William L Jr. Grafcet, A Functional Chart for Sequential Processes, 14th Annual International Programmable Controllers Conference Proceedings, 1984, p. 71-96 Gregory K. McMillan, Douglas M. Considine (ed), Process/Industrial Instruments and Controls Handbook Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999 ISBN 0-07-012582-1 Section 3 Controllers Erickson, Kelvin T. (1996). “Programmable logic controllers”. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Iqbal, S. (2008). “Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Workhorse of Industrial Automation”. 68-69. IEEEP Journal: 27–31. Petruzella,, Frank D. (2005). “Programmable logic controllers”. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ICESoS 2016 - Proceedings Book 25 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3315 Title A name given to the resource DEVELOPMENT OF A BANK SECURITY SYSTEM USING PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) Author Author Skopak, Anis SAKANOVIĆ, Semir Abstract A summary of the resource. Abstract: The aim of this project is to solve the bank security problems (robbery, illegal weapons, and the safety of employees) caused by lack of the security in the banks. This project is divided into two parts which are hardware and software. A kind of bank security system by using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) was designed, and the automatic control of the bank security system was performed by software. The hardware part is the model of one bank containing two front doors, one door of the vault room, and some sensors. The limit switches, doors and sensors are connected to Zelio PLC Schneider SR3B261BD. The PLC controls every signal which is coming from the inputs (Limit switch) to software and display to the outputs (Doors). Using software, Function Block Diagrams (FBD) are programmed to control the traffic light. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/db9cd6c74851eb266934d449e0e18e06.pdf a0af5d2b4a29f065a9ebd035e72278e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource IT Senior Design Projects Description An account of the resource The IT Senior Design Projects (SDPs) category showcases innovative and practical final-year capstone projects developed by undergraduate and graduate students in the field of Information Technology. These projects represent the culmination of students' academic and technical expertise, demonstrating their ability to solve real-world problems through software and hardware solutions. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS MANAGEMENT APPLICATION: DOCUBOOK Author Author Faris Selimović Abstract A summary of the resource. This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of DocuBook, a web-based business management application developed to reduce the administrative burden on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The system addresses critical challenges related to regulatory compliance, document management, and financial record-keeping by replacing error-prone, paper-based processes with a structured and secure digital platform. Developed using the Django framework, DocuBook provides centralized management for outgoing (KIF) and incoming (KUF) invoices, protocol-registered documents, and daily cash flow (DP) entries. Its modular architecture ensures maintainability and supports future expansion. The application has been successfully deployed in a live business environment, where it has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing administrative overhead, minimizing human error, and streamlining compliance procedures. The project confirms that a tailored, lightweight solution can significantly modernize operations for local businesses without the complexity and cost of large-scale enterprise systems. Keywords Keywords. business management, regulatory compliance, documentation system, Django, digital transformation business management Django https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/2cb6276ffea9cd3018e6c64250e3cac9.docx 19f8a7e3d3e64f99d393b4dcaf2050a0 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/023bf01271215f9e4715e32d8d6980a5.pdf b8daf99f1b865ee6897aa44fcded6aba PDF Text Text DEVELOPMENT OF A HEAT TRANSFER MODEL FOR CALCULATİON OF OVERALL HEAT BALANCE OF BİOGAS REACTORS Emrah Onursal Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey emrah.onursal@gmail.com Kamil Ekinci Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Mustafa Acar Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Ahmet Süslü Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey ABSTRACT Heating requirements of a biogas reactor requires advanced calculations based on environmental conditions like; temperature, solar irridance and etc. Thus a computer simulation program was developed to calculate the overall heat balance on 5 different scenarios of reactor design concept for Isparta (Turkiye) conditions. Moreover model includes gained solar energy amount relevant to diameter, location of reactors (longittude, altitude), under ground reactor construction. Obtained data is not validated with an experimental data but model results give some detailed overview in terms of engineering design � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2113 Title A name given to the resource DEVELOPMENT OF A HEAT TRANSFER MODEL FOR CALCULATİON OF OVERALL HEAT BALANCE OF BİOGAS REACTORS Author Author ONURSAL, Emrah EKINCI, Kamil ACAR, Mustafa SUSLU, Ahmet Abstract A summary of the resource. Heating requirements of a biogas reactor requires advanced calculations based on environmental conditions like; temperature, solar irridance and etc. Thus a computer simulation program was developed to calculate the overall heat balance on 5 different scenarios of reactor design concept for Isparta (Turkiye) conditions. Moreover model includes gained solar energy amount relevant to diameter, location of reactors (longittude, altitude), under ground reactor construction. Obtained data is not validated with an experimental data but model results give some detailed overview in terms of engineering design Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2233-1565 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 905 Title A name given to the resource Development of Children’s Cultural Awareness in English Teaching Materials Author Author Stec, Maria Abstract A summary of the resource. The paper focuses on the concept of cultural awareness in the context of teaching languages to young learners. The whole language approach and aspects of intercultural learning are popular in educational policies as children by the age of 10 develop holistically. Namely, young learners gain knowledge about social conventions, customs, and lifestyles and develop understanding of similarities and differences between different communities. They develop their attitude to their own culture and foreign cultures. Then, early foreign language education involves teaching culture. The following research problem was formulated: What are the ways in which cultural awareness is introduced in English materials for young learners? The idea is to analyse a selected number of syllabuses and course books to identify the latest approaches to teaching culture through English in Polish primary schools. The project will involve the analysis of goals, content and activities with a cultural focus in English teaching materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/63c77bf32e2ec75fe14c381b407a1bc4.pdf 35ab3269a9ce8cf94cb764d47b88bda8 PDF Text Text International Conference on Economic and Social Studies, 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Albania Xhafa Sonila University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania sonilaxhafa@gmail.com Albana Kosovrasti University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania albana.kosovrasti@unitir.edu.al Albania has great natural and infrastructure resources for the development of fisheries and aquaculture sector, commerce and industry of fishery processing products etc. So Albania has a coastline of about 474 km long, an extensive network of hydrograph. It ranks in the first countries in Europe in terms of water resources. The hydrographic basin of Albania has an area of 43 300 km² or 57% more than the territory of the state of our country and 50.000 km rivers and streams, 1,100 km² surface of lake water and sufficient artificial reservoirs. In this article all these resources will be analyzed in detail; it will be also analyzed the identification and further development of these resources, which have special importance in building strategies and policies in the direction of further development of this sector aiming at increasing production, paying attention to the sustainable use of these resources without damage on the biodiversity and the environment. Research in this field is carried out mainly by universities, mostly from the Agricultural University of Tirana. The Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with Ministry of Environment Forests and Water Administration, has played an important role in constructing strategies for the development of this sector as well as commerce and industry of fishery products processing through projects MEDITS and AdriaMed where an important place has the study of ecological and environmental effects, mainly in the lagoons in cases of fishing beyond manufacturing capacity. Very important are also the infrastructure and human resources, which give weight to the development of this sector. In this country there are 4 ports that develop fishing activities, where the most important is the largest port in the country, the port of Durres. Social effects of the development of this sector are also important in studies, mainly in terms of employment and community consumption per habitants, which is 3.3 kg / 281 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies, 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo year of about 15 kg / year consumed by the countries of the Mediterranean region. At the end of this paper we will list some premises development of this sector, recognizing it as an important output sector with great impact in the economic and social life in the country. Keywords: Fishing, Development. Infrastructure, 282 Water Resources, Sustainable � https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/282914286f802c27d3cf8f93d3094c63.docx 7fed2f29b9f29a96522e786c9c5b0f06 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/5b244315d243a0a2a8e39b3afd3eb672.pdf 52853dd741005e2ccaea57ed34c991b0 PDF Text Text International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Albania XhafaSonila University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania sonilaxhafa@gmail.com AlbanaKosovrasti University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania albana.kosovrasti@unitir.edu.al Abstract Albania has greatinfrastructureandnaturalresourcesforthedevelopment of fisheriesandaquaculturesector, commerceandindustry of fisheryprocessingproductsetc. So Albania has a coastline of about 474 km long, an extensive network of hydrography. Itranks in thefirstcountries in Europe in terms of waterresources. Thehydrographicbasin of Albania has an area of 43 300 km² or 57% morethantheterritory of thestate of ourcountryand 50.000 km riversandstreams, 1,100 km² surface of lake waterandsufficientartificialreservoirs. Inthisarticlealltheseresourceswill be analyzed in detail; it will be alsoanalyzedtheidentificationandfurtherdevelopment of theseresources, whichhavespecialimportance in buildingstrategiesandpolicies in thedirection of furtherdevelopment of thissectoraiming at increasingproduction, payingattentiontothesustainableuse of theseresourceswithoutdamage on thebiodiversityandtheenvironment. Research in thisfield is carriedoutmainlybyuniversities, mostlyfromtheAgriculturalUniversity of Tirana. TheMinistry of Agriculture in collaborationwiththeMinistry of Environment ForestsandWater Administration, has played an important role in constructingstrategiesforthedevelopment of thissector as well as commerceandindustry of fisheryproductsprocessingthroughprojects MEDITS andAdriaMedwhere an importantplace has thestudy of ecologicalandenvironmentaleffects, mainly in thelagoons in cases of fishingbeyondmanufacturingcapacity. Veryimportantarealsotheinfrastructureandhumanresources, whichgiveweighttothedevelopment of thissector. Inthiscountrythereare 4 portsthatdevelopfishingactivities, wherethemostimportant is thelargest port in thecountry, the port of Durres. Socialeffects of thedevelopment of thissectorarealsoimportant in studies, mainly in terms of employmentandcommunityconsumptionperhabitants, which is 3.3 kg / year of about 15 kg / yearconsumedbythecountries of theMediterraneanregion. At theend of thispaperwewilllistsomepremisesdevelopment of thissector, recognizing it as an importantoutputsectorwithgreatimpact on theeconomicandsocial life in thecountry. Keywords: Fishing, Infrastructure, WaterResources, Sustainable Development. 1 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Introduction Albania has a coastline of about 474 km long, an extensive network of hydrograph. It ranks in the first countries in Europe in terms of water resources. The hydrographic basin of Albania has an area of 43 300 km² or 57% more than the territory of the state of our country and 50.000 km rivers and streams, 1,100 km² surface of lake water and sufficient artificial reservoirs. Under these conditions, concluded that Albania has sufficient assets to develop fishing and aquaculture in promising levels. In this context, it is necessary to undertake studies in this field in terms of the assessment of these natural resources, methods of rational using and sustainable development of fisheries. Albania has also infrastructure and human resources that enhance the development of this sector. In this country there are 4 ports that develop fishing activities, where the most important is the largest port in the country, the port of Durres. Research in this field is performed mainly by universities, mostly from the Agricultural University of Tirana. The Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment Forests and Water Administration, has played an important role in managing strategies for the development of this sector as well as commerce and industry of fishery products processing through projects MEDITS and AdriaMed where an important place has the study of ecological and environmental effects, mainly in the lagoons in cases of fishing beyond manufacturing capacity. In this paper, will mostly analyzed issues of sustainable development of this economic activity, emphasising on integrating its management with other sectors of the economy and services. Factors that have influenced in the development of fisheries and aquaculture In recent years, Albania fisheries have become dynamically developing sectors of the food industry, and many private agencies have takenmeasurest by investing in modern fishing fleets and processing factories in response to growing international demand of international trade for fish and fishery products. Actually, the value of fishery and aquaculture from catches, estimated at about 40 million $, which 22 million $ represents fishing at sea, coastal and inland waters, 8 million $ aquaculture and the remaining represents mussels.1 The factors that influence in the development of fisheries and aquaculture in Albania are: Natural Resources Albania possesses important natural resources in service to the development of the fisheries and aquaculture sector, based mainly on the abundant water resources. Inthiscontext, Albania possesses:  470 km of coastline and 12 miles marine territorial waters. Waters of the Adriatic and Ionian Sea exploited extensively for fishing. Here exert their activity the most important ports in the country like Durres, Vlora, Saranda and Shengjin. In the table below are given the indicators of species that grow along the Albanian coast. Table 1: Indicators of species that grow along the Albanian coast 1 “Analizaekonomike e Peshkimit. Raport Final”, Ministry of Environment, ForestryandWater Administration 2 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Species Kg/km2 N/Km2 Helicolenusdactylopterus 0.24 20 Lophiusbudegassa 6.29 11 Lophiuspiscatorius 1.58 Merlucciusmerluccius 16.69 188 Micromesistiuspoutassou 0.82 6 Mullusbarbatus 8.59 266 Mullussurmuletus Pagelluserythrinus 2.34 Phycisblennoides 1.24 92 Rajaclavata 2.28 2 Spicaraflexuosa 11.14 728 Trachurusmediterraneus 8.52 154 Trachurustrachurus 7.76 1535 Trisopterusminutus 303 225 Zeus faber 5.07 8 Aristaeomorphafoliacea 1.78 72 Parapenaeuslongirostris 10.76 1348 Eledonecirrhosa 7.39 50 Eledonemoschata 4.73 26 Illexcoindetii 2.46 Loligovulgaris 3.55 622 Octopusvulgaris 1.86 Source: Estimates of the General Directorate of Fisheries  50.000 km rivers and streams. Albania's hydrographic network consists of 11 main rivers with average flow about 1,245 m3/sec.  1,100 km² surface of lake water. According to lake country fund counted 247 natural lakes of various types and sizes, with a volume of approximately 60 billion m3 and 5 main artificial lakes. The largest and the most important natural lakes in the country are: Shkodra Lake, Ohrid Lake and Prespa Lake. In the table below are given some indicators of the most important natural lakes in the country. Shkodra lake is the largest lake in the Balkan. Table 2: Some indicators of the most natural lakes in the country Lakes Area(ha) Shkodra Lake Ohrid Lake 36000 Area within state borders (ha) 12000 32000 9500 PrespaMadhe PrespaVogël 12000 9000 4900 400 Location Species North part of Albania south-eastern part of Albania carp, karasin, mullet, bleak, eel, lucioperca lake trout, salmothymus ohridanus, carp, skobus, bleak, rutilus rubilo. south-eastern part of Albania bleak, trout, karasin and carp Source: Author In Ohrid and Prespa Lake produced mostly Trout and Koran. According to the data obtained in the Korca Inspectorate of Fisheries, their contribution to the total production varies 75-80%. For this production are raised several facilities in Lin, Tushemisht, Zagorcan and Zvesda. 3 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo  Important lagoon surface lagoon about 10,000 ha with a fish yield ranging from 4297 kg / ha.Coastal lagoons as intermediate salty ecosystems between land and marine waters are aquatic environments with high productivity and biodiversity which realize the enrichment with fish and clams of the coastal zone. Narta lagoon classified as lagoons with the highest fish production, while for the production of different mollusks distinguishes lagoon of Butrinti. Table 3: Lagoons in Albania, location and fish production Lagoons Area(ha) Narte Karavasta Butrint Orikum Patok 2800 3900 1600 150 250 Kune Vain 250 Vilunit 250 Location NorthWestern of district of Vlora West of Albania, near toLushnja town Southwestern Albania South western of district of Vlora Along the Adriatic Sea in the west of the city of Lezha. On the northern Albanian Coast, near Lezha region. North-west of the port of Shengjin Fish production (Tons per year) 130-140 50-60 96 8-10 30 45 16 Source: Ministry of Environment Forestry and Water Administration  Sufficient artificial reservoirs, 700 with a total area of 12,000 ha. A considerable part of them, mainly in rural areas, used for the cultivation of carp. Table 4: Lakes in Albania, location and fish production Lakes Location Fierza Area (ha) 5000 Shkopeti 80 Ulza 150 On the Mat River On the Mat River Vau Dejes i 247 On theDriniRiver Species Pike perch Stizostedion lucioperca and perch Perca fluviatilis. Ciprinid, carp, salmon, kerosene, eel. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, albranus albranus alborella, ciprinus carpio, carassius Alborellaalborella, CyprinusCarpio, Carassiuscarassius, Alosafalaxnilotica, Percafluviatilis, Hyphthalmichthesmolitrix. Rosette Fish Production (Tons per year) 50 4 30 30 Source: Ministry of Environment Forestry and Water Administration Early traditions of development of this sector. Fishing and aquaculture are developed very early, through traditional methods mainly in Shkodra, Ohrid and Prespa lakes and in coastal lagoons like Narta, Butrint, etc. The old format and fishing craft were developed mainly in the coastal area, in the area of catkins up to 2-3 miles away from the Adriatic coast and 1 mile from the Ionian Sea.Traditional fishing is inherited from generation to generation. Fishermen in this category have better recognition not only in the preparation of nets, boats and fishing boat for fishing areas but also in the techniques of using fishing vessels . Favorable geostrategic position and proximity to regional markets. Albania possesses a favorable geographical and strategic position. The diversity of hydrological resources and 4 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo typical Mediterranean climate conditions favored the development of the fisheries sector. A special importance is the country's transit position and close distances to markets in the Balkan region and beyond. Albania is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the north, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. Many foreign researchers have evaluated Albania a country "gateway" or "gateway-tie" as an important transit center linking the East with the West. Map 1: Natural Resources, Fishery and Aquaculture Activities Source: SonilaXhafa, ArcMap/GIS 10 The development of tourism as a safe market for this sector. Domestic and foreign tourists represent an important consumer for the market and the 5 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo fishing industry. According to the Ministry of Tourism, in 2011 Albania was visited by 4 million visitors. Numerous recreational marine lakes and lagoons, enhance the alternatives to the development of recreational fishing as a sustainable form of this sector to support the further development of tourism. The concept of recreational fishing entails all types of fishing activities including sport fishing activities undertaken by any individual, with or without a boat, for leisure purposes, and does not involve the selling of fish or other aquatic organisms. As far as could be determined, six countries in the area, namely Albania, Croatia, Greece, Slovenia, Spain and the Syrian Arab Republic, have established a licensing system for individual recreational fishers. Strengthening the legal framework and timely involvement of Albania in important regional and international conventions. Albanian legislation in the field of fisheries is based on the principles of exploitation of fish resources in a sustainable way and precedes the development of the fishing sector. The general principles of this legislation are based on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries of FAO, and also it defines relations between Albania and other countries for fisheries and aquaculture through the obligations of each country, to ensure compliance with the rules that apply to fishing. Instruments and agreements relating to the management of fishing in Albania are listed below. The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (ratified in June 2003) 1995 Code of FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing (implemented as a voluntary code 1997) Implementation of the 1993 FAO Agreement (received in May 2005) General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) (ratified in July 2003) International Commission for the conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) (observation status) 1957 European Fisheries Advisory Commission of the Internal Waters (EIFAC) Law 9055 dated 24.4.2003 "On the accession of the Republic of Albania to the" Convention on the Law of the Sea, Organization of United Nations Law No. 9401 dated 19.05.2005 "On the accession of the Republic of Albania" Agreement to promote compliance with international measures of management and conservation of resources by fishing vessels on the open seas In summary Albania through these potentials, has all the possibilities to increase productivity in the domestic and foreign market, to increase exports to the EU and regional markets competing with high quality. The development of coastal and lake fishing The development of fishing and increasing production and consumption of fish goes in parallel with the development of the fishing fleet. The fishing fleet is based on 4 bays (Durres, Shengjin, Vlora and Saranda). In 1946 was built the first professional fishing ship near the port of Durres.The fishing fleet was gradually improved in quality as well as a number, where in 1960 the number of fishing vessels with different power and capacity reached 30. The sardine fleet consisted of 60 vessels fishing out of which 28 in Vlora, 12 in Durres, 12 in Shengjin and 8 in Saranda. For their processing were established the first factories for the production of canned in 1970. With the liberalization of the economy, in 1993 fishing fleet was privatized and at the same time Albania imported about 150 fishing boats, mainly in Italy but also from Greece. Graphic 1: Fishery Production in Albania (1992-2000) 6 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo 1200 1000 Pelalgjik 800 Coastal and lagoons 600 Lakes 400 Aquaculture 200 Bivalvore 0 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Source: AdriaMedthe General Directory for Fishery During the first decade of transition production in fisheries has increased at lower rates and this is due to:  Amortization of the existing fish fleet as a result of old age. Most of the fishing vessels have an age range from 25 years to 40 years, but there are also ships over 60 years. Repair of fishing vessels conducted partly in Durres, in military ports and mostly in neighboring ports.  Losing a part of the fleet during the mass emigration in 1991, but also in 1997. The ships that were used to send the emigrants in Italy were the type of trawl fishing, the bigger and more able to afford over the Adriatic  Lack of port and ancillary infrastructure  Fall of the workforce in this sector as a result of mass immigration. During the second decade observed fluctuations in the quantity of Fish caught as in marine and lagoon waters. This refers to fluctuations in the production of these ecosystems. During this period, do not always respect the norms of sustainable use of these ecosystems. Furthermore the fishing fleet is growing at the slowest and its maintenance and repair has been restricted. Graphic 2: Fish caught in tonne 2500 2000 Costal line Costal lagoons 1500 Inland waters 1000 Aquaculture Mitylus galloprovicialis 500 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Source: Ministry of Environment By 2007 the fishing fleet has grown at lower rates. In this period investments were mostly oriented in infrastructure improvements to the existing fleet. 7 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Table 5:Fleet by type of fishing Type of Fishing Total Selective Pelagic Purse seiners 2001 198 62 11 125 2003 213 63 11 139 2005 247 63 15 169 2007 269 68 21 180 Source: Ministry of Environment Forestry and Water Administration According to the data obtained from the General Directorate of Fisheries, Albanian fleet currently consists of 146 registered boats with engine power from 23.75 HP. The average engine power of the fishing fleet is around 321 HP. About 71% of vessels have 120kf engine power. Table 6: Technical indicators of quality of fleet in Albania Ports Ships Engine power (kw) Durres 51 10.168 28 2.371 36 6.582 31 4.631 146 23.752 Sarande Shengjin Vlore TOTAL Daysatsea Workforce Production Value of Average in town Catches of Consume 207 1623 479 232 8.051 74 474 110 55 4.110 144 1126 327 158 5.668 125 1047 223 101 4.612 22.441 550 1.140 546 4.270 Source: FD - MoAF; IREPA Shengjini and Durres ports have greater fishing fleet average engine power compared with other ports (average 300 HP). Mostly fishing fleet is concentrated in the Port of Durres, which constitutes 35% of the total. By calculating an import of fresh fish and 3185 tons of canned, fresh fish export of 550 tons and a local production of 7376 tonnes per capita consumption appears that, for a population of 3 million people, is approximately 3:33 kg / spirit. On the other hand, fish consumption in the country is low compared with the average Mediterranean countries is estimated at 15.1 kg / capita (countries not members of the EU, 8.1 kg / capita and the Mediterranean EU members 30.7 kg / capita). According to a geographical analysis results that fish production is concentrated mostly in the port of Durres with marine production around 1623 tons. This production represents 38% of the total production in the country.The largest concentration of production in the Port of Durres related to technical indicators of quality of fleet and with the greatest potential of the work force. An important issue is the planning of Durres fishing port, in the western part of the commercial port, about 1.8 hectares and with a fleet of 130 fishing ships that anchor in three Pontine. Photo 1: Durres Fishing Port. Source: Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Water Administration 8 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Development of aquaculture and fishing processing industry First Aquaculture developments recognized in the late 60s, mainly concentrated on the cultivation of mussels (M. galloprovincialis) and shrimp (Peneaus japonicas). Albania has only one activity of cultivation of Peneaus japonica shrimp in an area about 215 ha in Kavaja town, built years ago and reactivated as activity through an Italian partnership. Other cultivated species of this activity are: cold water salmonid, Oncorhynchus mykiss, shellfish (especially M. Galloprovincialis), shrimps, and S. Aurata Koce D. Labrax bass etc. Political and economic changes after 1991 brought changes in these activities. All enterprises and fish farms as for carp and trout cultivation was privatized. Currently this activity produced about 8,000 quintals of mussels from 47 subjects, 3,000 quintals of keys and bass from 11 subjects and 50 quintals of shrimp from one enterprise. Processing industry has its origins in 1958 to CanningVlora Combine. Its activity in this period mainly relates to the conservation of sardines, but also the smoked eels, tuna, acreages, shapes and octopus. Till the 1990 this activity was expanded with processing factories in Durres and Lezha. During the transition the private and domestic investment, increased the number of processing entities, mostly in coastal regions. For the development of this activity highlights Lezha Region with 4 fishing processing factories. The development of this industry has positively influenced in employment opportunities for rural communities and improving the quality of life in these areas. Most local products are used for export. The great advantage in this issue is the status of Albania as a "third world country" on "setting in the European market of fishery products". It allows fishing industry to export to neighboring countries such as Greece and Italy. In this condition Albania is in a very favorable position compared to many other neighboring countries. 9 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo Actually there are 37 activities approved for export to the EU that perform processing and marketing of fish products.All these activities are private enterprises. About a third of fish caught in the sea that includes size and better quality species such as sea bass and wrasse, shrimp and octopus exported contributing to the economic value of the sector. Sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture sector After 1991, in terms of the development of an economy in transition, the fishing control process was low.Overexploitation of important fish stocks, modifications of ecosystems, significant economic losses, and international conflicts on management and fish trade still threaten the long-term sustainability of fisheries and the contribution of fisheries to food supply. This situation led to changes in the structure population by overexploitation of productive ecosystems primarily in the family of trout, acorn, mullets, eels, etc..During the second decade of transition, generally exploitation of water resources and fisheries in Albania has been rational and responsible, with the exception of some sporadic cases where fishing takes place outside the rules and general control, mainly in rural areas. However, the transition has generally convey difficulties in economic and legal organizing, dictating a number of risks that affect the sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture sector. A. Ecological sustainability risks in marine, river and lagoon environments  Many fisheries resources could not sustain an often uncontrolled increase of exploitation. This situation is mainly caused fluctuations in the production of lakes species such as carp, skobuz, gudgeon, which are very desirable for consumption and export. Bleak until 1990 constituted 70-75% of the total fish production, while currently its use for processing, and sale and consumption remains limited, even for research purposes2.  Urban pollution in general, mainly reflected in the waters near the coast have influenced the decrease of production of species. Fluctuations of the trout production have been mainly that of Ohrid, because of the urban and tourist pollution, and because of the phosphorus spill in the lake water. In a year in the lake discharged about 150 tons of phosphorus3.  Developments and irregular forms of fishing are another factor that threatens production in marine, lakes and lagoon waters. Application of abusive forms of traditional fishing as the use of explosives, poisonous etc. threaten production in these ecosystems. Fluctuations in production has lagoons, mainly in the Karavasta and Narta Lagoon, dictated by the irregular fishing forms in time, space, quantity and diversity. An issue that should be noted is the weakening of the role of the embouchure in maintaining a selective fishing, updating resources, recycling of small fish (recruits) etc.  The lack of specific and integrated development plans of marine, lake and lagoon ecosystems with regional economic development and wider, in general weakens the sustainable use of water resources and sustainable development of these ecosystems. B. Infrastructure risks 2 3 Minstry of Environment Forestry and Water Administration NationalGeographic:"Fossil Trout" FacesExtinction in Balkans 10 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo  Fisheries and aquaculture sector but also fisheries processing industry have been developed for years in continual difficulties related to basic and support infrastructure for the production and marketing of fishery products. Old age of vessels is an important indicator in this regard, which should be evaluated in terms of necessity investments for their repair and maintenance. On the other hand, their depreciation increases the cost of fuel and consequently the cost of fishery products in the market by reducing profit. According to data in the General Directorate of Fisheries fuel cost takes a weight about 68% of the average cost, while the cost of the equipment 9.7%, maintenance5.5%, lubricants 2.9%. Based in an economic analysis of the General Directorate for fisheries results that the annual profit coefficient is limited and reaches 3-12% of turnover (2200 to 11460 USD per year per vessel). Another problem is the lack of security and repair centers of ships. Most of them repaired in neighboring ports that increases again the cost of production but also creates difficulties and delays in the marketing of products. A problem to be assessed is the misery of mussel cultivation plants in Lake Butrint, where currently only 20-50% of their capacity utilized C. Institutionaland legal risks  Weakness in the implementation of the development strategies of the sector as well as management plans;  Weaknesses in controls and supervision and enforcement of legal norms regarding the sustainable use of marine, lake and lagoon ecosystems. Suggestions The excess capacity of fishing fleets has been widely recognized as a major reason for overfishing and the degradation of marine fisheries resources throughout the world. In the service of sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture sector, it is important that through legal instruments, research and operational stock of local and regional authorities be undertaken in the framework of measures: A. Sustainableuse of productiveecosystems  Development of fisheries in depth and shallow waters through alternative forms of fishing in coastal and lagoon waters that are in the protection of biodiversity and fish stocks.  Regulation of fishing gears and methods is a common feature of fisheries legislation in Mediterranean coastal states. This measure is designed to prevent fishers from using particularly destructive gears or methods. One of the most common approaches is for states to establish a list of prohibited gears and methods; explosives, chemical, poisonous substances or electrical devices for fishing purposes are universally prohibited.  Legal assessment on a periodic basis for the determination of fishing days and fishing seasons based on production balance and replication fish species.Some Mediterranean coastal states have taken measures designed to limit the time of operation by duly authorized fishing vessels through the implementation of days-at-sea program. Closed season and temporary suspension of fishing operations are measures designed to ease pressure on fish stocks by stopping fishing operations for a specified period of time. Closed season is intended to allow species reproduction and thus coincides with the breeding time of major commercial species. A temporary suspension of fishing operations is a circumstantial measure that is generally taken in response to an 11 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo   emergency situation, or for the purpose of allowing fishery resource recovery. In service of this goal it is necessary to review and evaluated periodically the number of fishing licenses in the sea and the lagoon, but also in lakes. In this context it is necessary to control the level of fishing effort so as to adjust it to the availability of the fishery resource and to evaluate the fishing capacity of the national fleet to determine whether it should be reduced or could be increased under certain conditions. Development of fishing in order to protect the lagoon ecosystem, through the creation of lagoon areas where fishing is prohibited or restricted, recreating the links between the lagoon and sea water, minimum landing sizes for species of fish and other aquatic organisms are often set to prevent the capture of juvenile fish or non-fish species and allow sufficient time for fish and the other species to mature and thus reproduce. Such measures are necessary in Karavasta and Narta lagoon. Minimize the impact of urban tourism and industrial pollution in marine river, lake and lagoon ecosystems for protection of biotopes and species of special interest. B. Infrastructure improvements in the fisheries sector.      Diversification, restructuring and modernization of the fishing fleet, Expansion of existing ports, primarily that of Durres, maintenance and improvement of fishery space infrastructure since the Durres holds first place among other ports for the quantity of fish and shale production. Establishment facilities for repairing and maintenance of fishing boats in the four ports, in order to increase the readiness of technical indicators and operating in the fishing fleet. Systematic monitoring of the fleet to avoid delays in the production and sale process Establishment of a survey and orientation unit through GIS able to pursue fishing activity in the ports sector and provide the necessary data to support policies of rational use of marine resources. C. Legal andinstitutionalimproving     Establishing fishing zones by legal and institutional instruments as management tool that allows to transfer to the local authorities the right of determining segments of fishing operations spatially by authorizing only certain types of fishing activities by specifying categories of vessels in each fishing zone. Special protection by legal instruments through the establishment of lists of protected species of fish and other marine organisms that regarded as threatened. Legal and organizational approximation of the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union set by taking into account market factors and perspectives of future development Increasing the implementation of local and regional plans for the fishery. References FAO, Recreational Fisheries, Rome, 2012 Ina Dimireva,The Mediterranean Fisheries Regulation – Briefing, EUbusiness, 2010. 12 �International Conference on EconomicandSocialStudies (ICESoS’13), 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo IUCN, Overview of the conservation status of the marine fishes of the Mediterranean sea, 2011. Ministria e Mjedisit, PyjevedheAdministrimit PeshkimitdheAkuakultures, 2007-2015. te ujrave, Strategjia e Scientific Cooperation To Support Responsible Fisheries In The Adriatic Sea, an Adriamed social survey of Albanian marine fisheries some notes and preliminary information, GFCM-SAC Subcommittee on Economic and Social Sciences. Malaga, 6th-7th May 2004. UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre,Analysis of economic activities in Mediterranean: Fishery and aquaculture sectors, December 2011. 13 the � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1683 Title A name given to the resource Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Albania Author Author SONILA, Xhafa KOSOVRASTI, Albana Abstract A summary of the resource. Albania has great natural and infrastructure resources for the development of fisheries and aquaculture sector, commerce and industry of fishery processing products etc. So Albania has a coastline of about 474 km long, an extensive network of hydrograph. It ranks in the first countries in Europe in terms of water resources. The hydrographic basin of Albania has an area of 43 300 km² or 57% more than the territory of the state of our country and 50.000 km rivers and streams, 1,100 km² surface of lake water and sufficient artificial reservoirs. In this article all these resources will be analyzed in detail; it will be also analyzed the identification and further development of these resources, which have special importance in building strategies and policies in the direction of further development of this sector aiming at increasing production, paying attention to the sustainable use of these resources without damage on the biodiversity and the environment. Research in this field is carried out mainly by universities, mostly from the Agricultural University of Tirana. The Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with Ministry of Environment Forests and Water Administration, has played an important role in constructing strategies for the development of this sector as well as commerce and industry of fishery products processing through projects MEDITS and AdriaMed where an important place has the study of ecological and environmental effects, mainly in the lagoons in cases of fishing beyond manufacturing capacity. Very important are also the infrastructure and human resources, which give weight to the development of this sector. In this country there are 4 ports that develop fishing activities, where the most important is the largest port in the country, the port of Durres. Social effects of the development of this sector are also important in studies, mainly in terms of employment and community consumption per habitants, which is 3.3 kg / year of about 15 kg / year consumed by the countries of the Mediterranean region. At the end of this paper we will list some premises development of this sector, recognizing it as an important output sector with great impact in the economic and social life in the country. Keywords: Fishing, Infrastructure, Water Resources, Sustainable Development. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-10 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3