336 10 3494 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 866 Title A name given to the resource Validity of Multiple-Matching Tasks for reading comprehension tests Author Author Yu,Chen, Hsuan Abstract A summary of the resource. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the validity of multiple-matching tasks by examining test-taking processes. Specifically, test-taking processes were analyzed by test-taking strategies. Hence, the researcher identified what test-taking strategies participants employed. Also, this study investigated whether high proficiency level learners employ more strategies than low proficiency learners do. Six Chinese-speaking English learners participated in the present study and were divided into high, intermediate and low proficiency groups. Participants were asked to think-aloud while performing one reading comprehension test. Findings indicated that participants employed five major test-taking strategies throughout the task. Moreover, locating the task in Messick’s (1989) theory, Kane’s (2006) and Bachman and Palmer’s (2010) validity frameworks, the researcher argued that the validity was violated in that (1) test takers could choose a correct answer without understanding the text; (2) test-taking processes did not correspond to the processes in natural settings and (3) test takers did not really show their comprehension because they were given main ideas to choose from. Therefore, cautions should be made for test users when they interpret test takers’ scores. In terms of the amount and types of strategy use cross different proficiency learners, results showed that except for one high-proficiency learner, other learners of different proficiency did not differ considerably from each other. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/e96bce8ef231ec05162b5752136ba002.docx 8777caa6b4803a3ba0cc1a006b9886d5 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/5a39783dadb551866737974fc3e37568.pdf 14a5c2577e8acc9d2113108b603ad935 PDF Text Text ���������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3149 Title A name given to the resource Vanjskopolitički software: vrijednosti i principi vanjske politike EU Author Author DŽANANOVIĆ MIRAŠČIJA, Nedžma Abstract A summary of the resource. Značajan broj autora i istraživača koji se bave vanjskom politikom EU pod lupu stavlja mehanizam EU, njenu institucionalnu infrastrukturu, ličnosti koje ga vode, pa i instrumente koji su na raspolaganju, pružajući, na taj način, znatno bolji uvid u specifičnosti vanjskopolitičkog režima jednog postnacionalnog entiteta. Takav pristup svakako je svrsishodniji od dokazivanja i brojanja (istina, mnogih) vanjskopolitičkih neuspjeha EU. No, i njihov je fokus stavljen na tzv. hardware. Softwareom, tj vrijednosnim dimenzijama bavi(o) se iznenađujuće mali broj autora. Međutim, upravo su ontološka promišljanja EU ono što na najbolji način doprinosi razumijevanju i samorazumijevanju EU, a time i njenoj projekciji na vanjskopolitičkom planu. Ako se pođe od pretpostavke da Unija predstavlja novog, kvalitativno drugačijeg, aktera na međunarodnoj sceni, veoma je značajno utvrditi da li taj akter ima sopstvene, kvalitativno drugačije, vrijednosti, principe i poglede na svijet? Kako se one projiciraju na vanjskopoliitčkom planu? Šta nam one govore o EU kao vanjskopolitičkom akteru? To su neka od ključnih pitanja koja će razmotriti ovaj tekst, a koja treba da doprinesu boljem razumijevanju političkog i međunarodnog identiteta same EU, kao i problema koji se javljaju u nastojanjima da se vrijednosti i principi primjene u praksi. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Bihaću i Centar za društvena istraživanja Internacionalnog Burč univerziteta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed K Law (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/efec0ab7b17409583ecfb897fc3ecf88.docx 2da6665bf3738bba4fe4937dc463afd4 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/a7fe5063f96810178f4e4da1634cd60a.pdf 62be63b0a0f87284a6f4b7900d5cc26f PDF Text Text Variety of Capitalism in Turkey: A Comparative Institutional Analysis BaharBaysal Uludağ University Turkey bhrbysl@gmail.com MikailKar Uludağ University Turkey Abstract: With the collapse of communism, the question why national capitalist countries have different economic performance has stimulated the emergence of the new comparative political economy. This approach focuses on economic, social and political institutions and organizations that account for this capitalist diversity. Political power which drives institutional change is critical importance for understanding the formationof these institutions and their consequences for wealth or income in parallel with public choice theory. This paper emphasizes two assertions. First, even though advocates of neo-liberalism claim that all nations convergence to a single development path, capitalism is a complex socio-economic order that has developed at different places and times, so, secondly, apart from varieties of capitalism which focus on advanced capitalist nations, there are rich variety of new forms of capitalism which shaped by domestic and international structural forces in emerging market economies. From this perspective, it is a comparative institutional approach. In this context it aims to explain how Turkish capitalism has evolved from state capitalism to a hybrid variety of capitalism in the neoliberal era. This clearly implies that there is a high degree of continuity between the different policy phases. The coexistence of this continuity and change points out the importance of institutional path dependency in development process. Keywords: varieties of capitalism, comparative political economy, institutions. 93 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2547 Title A name given to the resource Variety of Capitalism in Turkey: A Comparative Institutional Analysis Author Author BAYSAL, Bahar KAR, Mikail Abstract A summary of the resource. With the collapse of communism, the question why national capitalist countries have different economic performance has stimulated the emergence of the new comparative political economy. This approach focuses on economic, social and political institutions and organizations that account for this capitalist diversity. Political power which drives institutional change is critical importance for understanding the formationof these institutions and their consequences for wealth or income in parallel with public choice theory. This paper emphasizes two assertions. First, even though advocates of neo-liberalism claim that all nations convergence to a single development path, capitalism is a complex socio-economic order that has developed at different places and times, so, secondly, apart from varieties of capitalism which focus on advanced capitalist nations, there are rich variety of new forms of capitalism which shaped by domestic and international structural forces in emerging market economies. From this perspective, it is a comparative institutional approach. In this context it aims to explain how Turkish capitalism has evolved from state capitalism to a hybrid variety of capitalism in the neoliberal era. This clearly implies that there is a high degree of continuity between the different policy phases. The coexistence of this continuity and change points out the importance of institutional path dependency in development process. Keywords: varieties of capitalism, comparative political economy, institutions. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/24e477984d9d1af118f3259337a48b55.docx 36ef12e4529a37b69c50ac3ae52fb6b5 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/995f5139b1d1e8416b00cf4ed85daf63.pdf 33a2d69f6b93853f2a8789839304585b PDF Text Text Verb Classes According To Syntax - Semantic Interface Suzana Samarxhiu(Gjata) & Ekaterina Gjergo (Strati) “Aleksander Moisiu” Durres, Albania Key words: syntax, semantics, survey, verb, classes ABSTRACT Language is a system of communication by which structural grammatical functions serve to express contextual meanings, and therefore communication is realized through mutual connections of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. This hypothesis is stated prominently in theories of Van Lin, proposes a set of rules called "Linking algorithm" by which enables the connection between syntax and semantics. This paper aims at exploring syntax, semantics and pragmatics interface based on the semantic representation of the verb. Hence much of this study will be focused on the lexical presentation of verbs. Levin (1983), in her study, undertakes a broader survey of these verbs in English, assuming that the interconnection of the verb phrase and the other element is determined by its meaning. What her theory means is that syntactic features are used to determine which semantic elements are respectively linguistic belonging and contribute to a deeper theoretical lexical knowledge which interrelates the meaning of the verb to the expressive argument. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1773 Title A name given to the resource Verb Classes According To Syntax - Semantic Interface Author Author SAMARXHIU, Suzana GJERGO, Ekaterina Abstract A summary of the resource. Key words: syntax, semantics, survey, verb, classes ABSTRACT Language is a system of communication by which structural grammatical functions serve to express contextual meanings, and therefore communication is realized through mutual connections of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. This hypothesis is stated prominently in theories of Van Lin, proposes a set of rules called "Linking algorithm" by which enables the connection between syntax and semantics. This paper aims at exploring syntax, semantics and pragmatics interface based on the semantic representation of the verb. Hence much of this study will be focused on the lexical presentation of verbs. Levin (1983), in her study, undertakes a broader survey of these verbs in English, assuming that the interconnection of the verb phrase and the other element is determined by its meaning. What her theory means is that syntactic features are used to determine which semantic elements are respectively linguistic belonging and contribute to a deeper theoretical lexical knowledge which interrelates the meaning of the verb to the expressive argument. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBU Publishing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-03 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/6fbb0fc4ec40fe4dfc9bd768e62e2b65.docx e85c1385eb8491669c1c7106568fa09e https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/d904d509f6b1ca602db17700f379eb3c.pdf 4c83d2648498a7ecd2ba9704d420a174 PDF Text Text Verb Movement in Bosnian: Overt or Covert? Amna Brdarević-Čeljo University of Zenica/ Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina Key words: head movement, overt and covert movement, split IP hypothesis, sentential and manner adverbs, strong and weak T head; ABSTRACT In this paper we take a closer look at two verb movement operations that have been recognized in the literature, i.e. V-T movement (previously termed V-I movement) and T-C movement (previously termed I-C movement), and their covert (post-Spell-out, LF) or overt (pre-Spell-out) application in the Bosnian language. We apply Pollock's tests (1989) to determine whether there is V-T movement in this language, focusing primarily on the position of main verbs with respect to adverbs (manner and sentential) and negative particle ne in declarative sentences. In addition, we use Izvorski's tests (1993) to show that T-C movement might not be an option in Bosnian, basing our discussion on the position of main verbs with respect to subjects and adverbs in wh-questions. However, we briefly discuss the problem which this claim may raise for yes-no questions in this language. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2111 Title A name given to the resource Verb Movement in Bosnian: Overt or Covert? Author Author CELJO, Amna Brdarević Abstract A summary of the resource. Key words: head movement, overt and covert movement, split IP hypothesis, sentential and manner adverbs, strong and weak T head; ABSTRACT In this paper we take a closer look at two verb movement operations that have been recognized in the literature, i.e. V-T movement (previously termed V-I movement) and T-C movement (previously termed I-C movement), and their covert (post-Spell-out, LF) or overt (pre-Spell-out) application in the Bosnian language. We apply Pollock's tests (1989) to determine whether there is V-T movement in this language, focusing primarily on the position of main verbs with respect to adverbs (manner and sentential) and negative particle ne in declarative sentences. In addition, we use Izvorski's tests (1993) to show that T-C movement might not be an option in Bosnian, basing our discussion on the position of main verbs with respect to subjects and adverbs in wh-questions. However, we briefly discuss the problem which this claim may raise for yes-no questions in this language. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBU Publishing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-03 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 874 Title A name given to the resource Verbal aspect in SLA – Much More than (just) Grammar Author Author Novak Milić, Jasna Abstract A summary of the resource. Both L2 students and teacher are well aware of the fact that verbal aspect is one of the most difficult issues to master in Slavic languages. The reason for this is mainly its complexity. Verbal aspect may appear to be a grammatical issue (morphological and syntactical) but it is much more than that. To master verbal aspect in Croatian, learning verbal forms, i.e. the difference between imperfective and perfective verbs, is just the first step. Verbal aspect is just as much a semantical and pragmatical issue as it is a grammatical one. Therefore its proper use requires good general knowledge of a language and a wide knowledge of the world as it is seen through that particular language. Using the examples from Swedish and Croatian, the author will show that linguistic markers are important but often not substantial enough for the proper use of verbal aspect in Croatian. She will present “traditional” approaches to the verbal aspect in Croatian as L2 and try to give an insight into approaches that still need to be developed which are based on the fact that verbal aspect cannot be properly learned/acquired unless it is taught on all levels. The influence of L1 on the acquisition of verbal aspect in L2 will also be discussed, i.e. potential markers in L1 that may influence appropriate or inappropriate use of aspect in L2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3542 Title A name given to the resource VERBAL IRONY AND SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS Author Author Neshkovska, Silvana Lazarevska-Stanchevska, Jovanka Abstract A summary of the resource. А number of socio-cultural factors such as distance, common ground, social status of the ironist and his/her interlocutor, as well as “the victim” of irony, have a very significant impact on the usage of verbal irony. This study focuses on various combinations of these factors and their impact on the incidence with which verbal irony is used in formal and informal speech in Macedonian and English. In that respect, the analysis of the linguistic corpus, purposefully created for this research, reveals certain similar and dissimilar tendencies in both languages. For instance, in informal speech, both Macedonian and English speakers tend to use verbal irony more frequently when they have equal status with their interlocutors. Macedonian speakers, nevertheless, are more prone to using irony when addressing acquaintances and complete strangers with whom they share ‘low’ or no common ground, respectively, whereas English speakers prefer using verbal irony with closest family members and friends with whom they normally share ‘high common ground’. “The victim” of irony in informal speech doesn’t seem to bear any significant influence on the incidence of verbal irony in English, but in Macedonian the usage of verbal irony is manifestly more frequent when the ironist himself/herself is “the victim of irony”. Keywords: socio-cultural factors, verbal irony, English, Macedonian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed PE English https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/c1e266b049841e0779b681e65fb9c847.pdf 451cde7f415e0ebabf0589b62b8f2e48 PDF Text Text Verification And Validation Of The Devs Models Ahmet ZENGIN Department of Computer Science Education, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey, azengin@sakarya.edu.tr Etem KÖKLÜKAYA Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey, ekaya@sakarya.edu.tr Hüseyin EKĐZ Department of Computer Science Education, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey, ekiz@sakarya.edu.tr Abstract :Simulation remains attractive for teaching, training and performance analysis of computer networks. This paper presents a robust simulation environment targeted for teaching and learning the complex dynamics of computer networks. The general-purpose DEVS-Suite simulator supports animation with I/O and state trajectories of computer network models developed using parallel DEVS modeling approach. The simulator offers high-level model abstraction as compared with simulators such as ns-2. The combined capabilities afforded by the robust DEVS-Suite simulator assists in understanding the fundamentals of computer network topologies and the logics of communication protocols. This newly developed DEVSSuite offers an expressive, yet relatively simple to use, simulation environment for students and educators to develop and experiment with computer network models. The paper concludes with observations on the proposed modeling approach and outline some evaluations. In this paper we discuss verification and validation of DEVS simulation models. Four different approaches to deciding model validity are described; two different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the model development process are presented; various validation techniques are defined; conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed; a way to document results is given; a recommended procedure for model validation is presented; and model accreditation is briefly discussed. Keywords: DEVS, DEVS-Suite, Computer Networks, Education, OSPF, ns-2. I. Introduction DEVS-Suite is a general-purpose, discrete event simulation environment which supports visualization and tracking capabilities [1], [2]. This is the new generation of the DEVSJAVA simulator [3] based on DEVS formalism [4]. This simulator also supports variable structure modeling [5]. The DEVS-Suite user-interface provides a consistent, efficient, integrated hierarchical component-based representation of models with run-time I/O and state trajectories and tabular data visualization. The OSPF models developed on top of DEVS-Suite is the result of using networking theory as well as software engineering principles. Particular attention is paid to reliability and maintainability in view of the ns-2 simulator. With the developed OSPF simulator, students can create arbitrary network topologies, experiment with the models, and in particular track the dynamics of the network related to routing. Students can be empowered to learn the network concepts interactively. DEVS-Suite simulator can be run on a personal computer as well as online via DEVS-Suite Web Start [6] which enables elearning using Java Web Start technology [7]. The beginning stage was to create a model and simulator software that can help with the design of the network. All common components of a packet switched network with atomic node and data link models of various capacity assignments were defined using the parallel DEVS formalism at desirable level of abstraction. DEVS modeling approach supports hierarchical modular model construction and distributed execution, and therefore offers a basis to characterize complex, large-scale systems with atomic and coupled models. Many application 425 �areas such as swarm routing [8] and processor architectures [9] have been developed using the DEVS Formalism. In particular, the link state routing protocol OSPF with its behavior is modeled. In order to show accuracy of model execution, a set of experiments for validation were performed and results were compared with the ns-2 simulator. Later, evaluations together with ns-2 comparison were carried out in terms of modeling and educational aspects. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section II briefly reviews the DEVS, DEVS-Suite and ns-2 simulators and describes the OSPF protocol. Section III defines the developed simulation environment detailing the basic model components. Section IV presents an example that shows learning of the OSPF protocol using the DEVS-Suite simulator. Section V describes the validation of the DEVS-Suite network model using simulation of the OSPF in ns-2. Section VI covers evaluation of the developed framework in terms of modeling and education aspects. Section VII presents conclusions and future work. II. Validation Of Simulation Models A. What is validation? Validation is a degree of which how correct a model represents the behavior of its system counterpart from the perspective of intended use of the model [4]. The degree of representation of the model or abstraction is determined by modeler according to user demands. Whenever modeler and simulation user meets are satisfied, it is considered as model is valid. In other words, model validation must be evaluated for its condition of being useful instead of perfectness of it. Validation is a highly required and an integral part of the entire simulation lifecycle by which model is credible and accredit. Model validation process is intended for building the correct model and it helps to find right one [10]. Simulation validity is related to simulation design and simulation usage purpose. Validation process has to be performed both modeler and simulation user [11]. In order to validate a model, quantitative and qualitative tests can be performed [11] [12]. In DEVS framework, an experimental frame is used to perform validation tests. If behaviors of both model and its system counterpart are within acceptable tolerance, model is said to be valid [4]. Validation tests are various tests rather than single detailed tests by which confidence of the model increase as it passes them. Passing a test doesn’t express model is valid; on the other hand failure of any test allows modeler to make decision on the model redesign. B. Validation process Figure 1 shows verification and validation processes in discrete event modeling and simulation study with experimental frame. In DEVS modeling process, experimental frame is used to make decisions on the model. Though it is main function is to transfer outcome measures to variables, it is also used in evaluating how well model objectives are achieved. In the case study, it is tried to show using experimental frame for verification and validation process. Figure 1 helps to map V&V onto whole modeling process rather giving an idea that V&V process is a singular phase or step in modeling. V&V is a continuous process confluent with modeling and simulation [13]. As shown in the Figure 1, modeling activity starts with problem statement and statement of objectives. After development of the conceptual model, conceptual model validation is conducted to determine detail level of proposed model. Validation of the conceptual model means detail of proposed model is sufficient and performed assumptions are accurate. 426 �Fig. 1. Verification and validation in DEVS modeling process and Experimental Frame Theory validation relates to the technical details of developed model and how it relates to the relevant formalisms, approaches, standards, knowledgeable expertise and underlying theories, for example, for OSPF protocol model, its resemblance to RFC 2328 standard [14]. Validation of theory requires asking questions what theory is used in the models? how the theory is used in the models ? and how the theories are combined in the models ? [15]. Operational validation refers to determining model outputs is sufficiently correct data obtained from the real world. Operational validation activity includes validation of required model representations and their associated knowledge bases and validation of simulation algorithms, formalisms and models and their associated data [16]. Operational validations are directly related to model credibility [11]. Besides above kinds of validation, two aspects of verification can be applied: specification and implementation verification. Specification verification ensures to truly specify the model behavior defined in conceptual model, while implementation verification deals with all specifications are coded in the model run on DEVS-Suite as built. C. Validation techniques Many verification and validation techniques are available for modeling and simulation study [13] [25]. In this section, various V&V techniques are tried to summarize and an approach proposed by Forrester and Senge [12] is given in particular. Analytical method validation is a process of performing several tests designed to verify that an analytical test system is suitable for its intended purpose and is capable of providing useful and valid analytical data. A validation study involves testing multiple attributes of a method to determine that it can provide useful and valid data when used routinely. 427 �III. Devs Modeling And Simulation Framework Discrete Event Systems Specification (DEVS) [4] is well suited for formally describing concurrent processing and the event-driven nature of arbitrary configuration of nodes and links forming network systems. DEVS is a mathematical modeling formalism for describing (discrete and continuous) dynamical systems and supports hierarchical modular model construction, distributed execution, and therefore characterizing complex, largescale systems. Its generic system-theoretic concepts and mathematical formulation provide a basis for describing component models which have modular structure and behavior specifications. This framework lends itself to object-based abstraction, encapsulation, modularity and hierarchy concepts and implementation. Its simulation protocol enforces causality, concurrency, and timing among DEVS atomic and coupled models. DEVS-Suite is an open source, discrete event, general-purpose simulation environment [1]. It is a new generation extended from the DEVSJAVA simulator and DEVS Tracking Environment. The main modules of the DEVS-Suite are DEVSJAVA [3], DEVS tracking Environment [20], and timeview [2]. DEVS-Suite can simulate models specified using the DEVS formalism [4]. The architecture of the DEVS-Suite simulator environment is Model Facade View Control (MFVC) [20] by which simulation data can be displayed with its animation and viewing of time trajectories generated by the parallel DEVS abstract simulator. Soft synchronization among timeviews and animation is supported based on the simulator’s logical (or real-time) execution speed [21]. IV. Devs-Suite Validation Framework: Ospf Case Validation is the most important phase in developing a model. Validation tests are needed in a modeling study since a model cannot be accepted unless it passes them [25], [10]. Validation schemes are generally framework based methodical procedures as well as dynamic processes which have to be applied by a modeler during model development. There are many model validation schemes summarized in [25] and [11]. From these schemes, a widely approved validation scheme is presented in[12] and followed in this study. In this scheme, confidence in the model increases as model passes more tests. This validation scheme is adopted and applied in this study due for it is appropriateness for dynamic models such as distributed systems and networks. Applied validation scheme is mainly divided into four phases. These phases are (1) specifying model objectives, (2) validating model structure, (3) validating model behavior and (4) policy implications. In following sections, these steps are followed to validate the developed model and summarized due for place limitations. A. Model objectives It is important to set objectives correctly when starting to model a system. In the previous sections, we gave some background about motivation and problem entities. Once again, it is good to list main objectives to model such a system. We aimed to develop a network simulator having; • system theoretic design with modular and hierarchy, • easy to deploy, • good visualization, • performance and scalable, • high highly tractable, • advanced testing framework, • parallel and distributed capability. 428 �Fig. 2. Network layers structure of the OSPF model Except for last one, model has all properties. Parallel and distributed capability of the model is still ongoing research and will be done by DEVS/HLA framework [26]. B. Model structure validity Some empirical and theoretical structure tests are experimented with the model to show its structural confirmation. Experiments may be separated into two categories: network structure confirmation done by theoretical tests and OSPF protocol confirmation done by empirical tests. Theoretical structure tests of the OSPF model are done with comparison model structure with generalized knowledge about the system. DEVS network model is developed according to network OSI standard with several abstractions. Since protocol implementation and education is in focus, first abstraction is to flatten seven segment OSI layers to three layers (see Figure 2). Empirical structure tests of the OSPF model includes comparison of the OSPF model structure with information obtained directly from the real system. To do this, we develop network models up to ten thousands nodes and measure efficiency of the networks. Efficiency is estimated as performed network tasks such as message delivery, scheduled events and routing databases’ correctness. In Figure 3, efficiency trajectory of the developed OSPF model is shown. For small scale models, efficiency is ideal (i.e. simulator is running with highly correctness), however in large models, simulator is deviating from reality (for example, 99.5% for 10.000 nodes). According to the tests and evaluations above, developed model is structural valid. C. Model behavior validity Besides structural validity tests, certain tests are needed to measure how accurately the model can reproduce the major behavior patterns shown by the real system. To do this, we select widely accepted network simulator 2 (ns2) models instead of real system. In order to validate behavior of the DEVS-Suite OSPF model, first we considered a small scale topology as shown in Figure 1. In this work, the ns-2 network simulator is chosen for comparison to show the behavior validity of developed OSPF model in DEVS-Suite. Furthermore, to show the key structural differences between modeling DEVS-Suite and ns-2, we use the same model configurations. Finally, comparison with analogous ns-2 test traces is included. 1) Test Simulation Environment and Configurations: When appropriate, we execute the DEVS-Suite OSPF model tests under the conditions as close as possible to the ns-2 tests, but some small differences exist because of different internal parameter settings and/or different level of modeling detail. Simulation experiments were performed both in ns-2 version 2.32 and DEVS-Suite version 2.0. The Table I below shows some differences between ns-2 and DEVS-Suite implementations. 429 �2) Simulation Results and Evaluation: Together structural tests, these validation tests give us at least some assurance that the behavior of the DEVS OSPF model is reasonable. DEVS-Suite more suitable for system level simulation as opposed to ns-2 being suitable for detailed network protocol designs (algorithms). Fig. 3. Efficiency tests of the OSPF model According to the configuration parameters listed in Table I, simulation experiments with both ns-2 and DEVSSuite simulators are performed for ten seconds. The throughput results as a function of time are shown in Figure 4. As depicted in Figure 4 (a) and (b), after a stabilization phase time (2 seconds), throughput curves converge to nearly the same average values, 822.4 KB/sec. for ns-2 and 1489 packets × 552 bytes = 821.9 KB/sec. for DEVS-Suite. We also observed the routing tables for the four router nodes to be consistent – the creation of tables was validated step by step. V. Comparison/Discussion In the following sections, we identify some of the reasons behind the differences between ns-2 and DEVS-Suite simulators with respect to modeling and education aspects. DEVS-Suite ns-2 Topology 4 routers, 4 bi-directional links 4 routers, 4 duplex links Protocol OSPF Link State(LS) Processing speed 1 msec./event N/A Event frequency 1000 events/sec. 28388 events/sec. 552 bytes 552 bytes Link bandwidth 2 Mbps 2 Mbps Link delay 1 msec. 1 msec. Traffic type Uniformly random FTP over TCP Queue Type FIFO-Priority DropTail Queue Limit 200 KB 20 Packets Simulation time 10 sec. 10 sec. Packet sizes Table I. Simulation Model Parameters of Ns-2 and DEVS-Suite 430 �(a) (b) Fig. 4. Simulated performance measurements of ns-2 and DEVS-Suite for throughput VI. Conclusion And Future Work This paper presented a new simulation environment for education and research of computer networks. The DEVS-Suite simulator for modeling OSPF overcomes the limitations of ns-2 concerning the visualization and execution performance. In contrast to ns-2, DEVS-SuiteWebStart enables users to automatically download its latest version and network models and execute them as efficiently given their computer hardware and software resources. Our experiences show that students benefit from the capabilities of DEVS-Suite simulator. The simulator’s visualization and automation provided for tracking of components’ behavior as time trajectories and tabular data help teaching and learning of networking theory with reduced burden on being an expert software developer. Visualization of the protocol logic in the form of creation and alteration of routing tables and databases facilitate active learning. In addition, students can gain the knowledge of modeling and simulation technique for performance evaluation of networking systems. Future work includes developing other network protocol models and evaluating them through classrooms. Additionally, the DEVS-Suite can be extended with data analysis features. Another desirable addition is to use variable structure DEVS since in some cases it can better represent the dynamic nature of the distributed computer networks. Another attractive capability is to visually develop models and automatically generate source code using CoSMoS (Component-based System Modeler and Simulator) [23]. Acknowledgment This work has been funded by the Sakarya University Scientific Research Projects Agency under contract 200705-02-001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Sakarya University. References [1] S. Kim, H. Sarjoughian, and V. Elamvazhuthi, “DEVS-Suite: A simulator supporting visual experimentation design and behavior monitoring,” in Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Conference, San Diego, CA, March 2009, pp. 29–36. 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Martens, “Introduction to special issue: Modeling and simulation in teaching and training,” SIMULATION, vol. 82, pp. 681–683, 2006. 433 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 539 Title A name given to the resource Verification And Validation Of The Devs Models Author Author Zengin, Ahmet Köklükaya, Etem Ekiz, Hüseyin Abstract A summary of the resource. Simulation remains attractive for teaching, training and performance analysis of computer networks. This paper presents a robust simulation environment targeted for teaching and learning the complex dynamics of computer networks. The general-purpose DEVS-Suite simulator supports animation with I/O and state trajectories of computer network models developed using parallel DEVS modeling approach. The simulator offers high-level model abstraction as compared with simulators such as ns-2. The combined capabilities afforded by the robust DEVS-Suite simulator assists in understanding the fundamentals of computer network topologies and the logics of communication protocols. This newly developed DEVSSuite offers an expressive, yet relatively simple to use, simulation environment for students and educators to develop and experiment with computer network models. The paper concludes with observations on the proposed modeling approach and outline some evaluations. In this paper we discuss verification and validation of DEVS simulation models. Four different approaches to deciding model validity are described; two different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the model development process are presented; various validation techniques are defined; conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed; a way to document results is given; a recommended procedure for model validation is presented; and model accreditation is briefly discussed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-06 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed Q Science (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/9be4eda33bbe682e08f8a4b7dc4b7e3b.docx 8210c0e5a4c0a135d16787ec66511f37 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/feca03f515be21eda4c985194e2d8999.pdf f46cefe12abcb8ded012e50d47a53581 PDF Text Text Vernacular Antakya Turkish: Antekece Mehmet Akdogan & Ugur Turkyilmaz International Burch University/ Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Key words: vernacular, standard language, Antakya dialect, dialect, diglossic community ABSTRACT The objectives of this personal observation based paper is to attract some attention on vernaculars used in Antakya, in Turkey, and therefore special attention is paid to the dialect called ‘Antekece’. There are many vernacular languages because of the ethnicity of the city where Muslim Turks, Kurds and Arabs and Christian Armenians, and Jews and Nusayris among some others who live together peacefully. Antekece generally refers to a vernacular which has not been standardized and which does not have any official status. Based on the personal observations of the Antakya born author, it is concluded that there are two sides of attitudes toward vernacular Antekece, namely the positive side which shows the respectful feelings towards the vernacular language and the second is the negative side which shows the feelings of seeing the vernacular language inferior to the standard dialect. Hence, it is suggested that people from Antakya have positive attitudes towards their vernacular language and use it appropriately in the right spatial and temporal settings. However, how the language attitudes of people in general from Antakya towards this specific vernacular language is and to find out the reasons why it happens the way it does requires further research � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1903 Title A name given to the resource Vernacular Antakya Turkish: Antekece Author Author AKDOGAN, Mehmet TURKYILMAZ, Ugur Abstract A summary of the resource. Key words: vernacular, standard language, Antakya dialect, dialect, diglossic community ABSTRACT The objectives of this personal observation based paper is to attract some attention on vernaculars used in Antakya, in Turkey, and therefore special attention is paid to the dialect called ‘Antekece’. There are many vernacular languages because of the ethnicity of the city where Muslim Turks, Kurds and Arabs and Christian Armenians, and Jews and Nusayris among some others who live together peacefully. Antekece generally refers to a vernacular which has not been standardized and which does not have any official status. Based on the personal observations of the Antakya born author, it is concluded that there are two sides of attitudes toward vernacular Antekece, namely the positive side which shows the respectful feelings towards the vernacular language and the second is the negative side which shows the feelings of seeing the vernacular language inferior to the standard dialect. Hence, it is suggested that people from Antakya have positive attitudes towards their vernacular language and use it appropriately in the right spatial and temporal settings. However, how the language attitudes of people in general from Antakya towards this specific vernacular language is and to find out the reasons why it happens the way it does requires further research Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBU Publishing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-03 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3585 Title A name given to the resource Vernacular in North East Turkey Author Author Arikan, Muhammed OZTURK, M.Kubra Akbarov, Azamat Abstract A summary of the resource. Language is one of the most important features of our lives; it is the one thing that connects us not just in a social way but also through decades and even generations. It is probably the only one thing that almost every human being has, whether he is a teacher, lawyer, beggar, or even a president. But what and how much do we know about our language? Do we know that even in our own native language we have differences, that we all do not use the same language in the same manner? That these differences can sometimes bring color to our culture and lives but at the same time could cause misunderstandings? Or even that these small differences could sometimes give clues to our past and future? In this paper I will look at a vernacular of Turkish just like this, used in the Black Sea region, mainly around the eastern parts. I will show how vocabularies can be owned by certain groups and how even syntax and phonological features such as consonants can be changed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed PE English