287 10 3494 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/45673dd0ade8f0ec6e9e9926585ba5c4.docx e35c4d831aebb00a05573b4b0c9b7a2f https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/b8b1ae91327426e7a1a1c95b13093f78.pdf 2266b5a64967ad733649d784e0c59e3e PDF Text Text Effects of Government Incentives in the Tourism Industry and the Case of Turkey Yusuf TugrulKaraaslan Dumlupinar University, Turkey yusufkaraaslan@gmail.com Ismail Sahin CanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, Turkey akademi06@hotmail.com Abstract: According to World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Turkey is currently the 6th most attractive tourism destination in the world. In year 2014 Turkey is expecting 38 million tourists and about $ 35 billion of revenue. Objective for 2023 is 50 million tourists and $ 50 billion of revenue. But the country is facing challenges in acquiring same success in terms of the receipts per arrival. To maximize the revenue per arrival government is planning to boost the sector by diversifying with innovative branches just as agro-tourism, geo-tourism, culinary, cultural, extreme, heritage, medical, wellness nautical, religion, slum, wildlife tourism. Government incentives and support provided to tourism industry has an important contribution in development of tourism sector. Turkish government reveals abundant incentives for the industry that can be seen by evaluating the world statistics throughout the global outlooks. Government incentives for the tourism sector are becoming increasingly important and urgent in the context of globalization. The reason of this importance comes from the power of the sector’s contribution on the balance of payments. Main objective of this article is to emphasize; the changing structure of the sector in the last thirty years and the need for the government incentives in the tourism industry development. Keywords:Tourism,intervals, government incentives, tourism promotion, tourism investments, world tourism, tourism statistics. 95 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2549 Title A name given to the resource Effects of Government Incentives in the Tourism Industry and the Case of Turkey Author Author TUGRUL KARAASLAN, Yusuf SAHIN, Ismail Abstract A summary of the resource. According to World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Turkey is currently the 6th most attractive tourism destination in the world. In year 2014 Turkey is expecting 38 million tourists and about $ 35 billion of revenue. Objective for 2023 is 50 million tourists and $ 50 billion of revenue. But the country is facing challenges in acquiring same success in terms of the receipts per arrival. To maximize the revenue per arrival government is planning to boost the sector by diversifying with innovative branches just as agro-tourism, geo-tourism, culinary, cultural, extreme, heritage, medical, wellness nautical, religion, slum, wildlife tourism. Government incentives and support provided to tourism industry has an important contribution in development of tourism sector. Turkish government reveals abundant incentives for the industry that can be seen by evaluating the world statistics throughout the global outlooks. Government incentives for the tourism sector are becoming increasingly important and urgent in the context of globalization. The reason of this importance comes from the power of the sector’s contribution on the balance of payments. Main objective of this article is to emphasize; the changing structure of the sector in the last thirty years and the need for the government incentives in the tourism industry development. Keywords:Tourism,intervals, government incentives, tourism promotion, tourism investments, world tourism, tourism statistics. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/1111db7abf7fcb14e258c19bf7a8ddba.docx e443b7668ebca4ae8ac3eb673780fc6c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2563 Title A name given to the resource Competition in the Albanian Market Author Author Sonila, GRUDA Abstract A summary of the resource. It is a fact that Albania was the last country in Eastern Europe, which began the implementation of the free market principles after 90s. So, at the beginning of the transition, the so named competition was an inevitable phenomenon of the new market even the actions that flow from it, were new to the Albanians. In the economic terms, the competition received comprehensive treatment in social life, as the previous system, generally, excluded the market from the spheres of competitiveness because Albanian market had a leading role played by the state. As the other countries of the Western Balkans region, involved in the process of European integration, the culture of competition remains a challenge for Albania. In general, the structures for the protection of competition in developing countries are at similar stages to the creation or strengthening of national competition authorities and the legal framework that applies in this area, there is a high level approach to European legislation. Little experience in the early stages, insufficient knowledge of the legal framework of market players, lack of education with the concepts of competition, difficulties of consolidating national competition authorities and incomplete enforcement of the law, remain common problems of competition authorities for developing countries. Precisely these problems pose major challenges for solutions in the way of integration of Albania into the European Union. Implementation of the legal framework for competition, deepening the independence and accountability of the institution of the Competition Authority, the awareness of market participants with the principle that competition means economic prosperity, supported by the strong inter-agency cooperation and a greater transparency public, are the main pillars of national policy document on competition. Based on the problems noticed for the absence of the legal actors on the market this project proposal analyses the necessary competition policies, economic conditions in which it is developed the actual competition law and competition policy in Albania. The main questions raised will be: what are the direct and indirect influences of the unfair competition? Which sectors face significant problems to compete the market and why? What is the innovation level and how it helps the business to become successful in Albania? Basically the research is based on the annual reports and significant studies of Ministry of Finance and many researched made by NGO’s for the region. Keywords: Economic indicators, innovation, competition analysis, sector analysis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/f98d81120464e9f7e58bd6c6ce065878.docx 07dfd87f6095334eb80376181ea1b6ec https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/b8236c442e40844bf293b8eeae78c145.pdf dab3ba99cb1bf0d9152633bdf1140b7f PDF Text Text Research of the Psychological Factors That Have Influence on Consumer Behavior Sandra SočeKraljević Sveučilište u Mostaru, Ekonomskifakultet Bosnia And Herzegovina sandra.soce-kraljevic@sve-mo.ba MarijaBrekalo Bosnia And Herzegovina maja.brekalooo@gmail.com Abstract: Psychological factors are an interesting area of research because they are "hidden", they cannot be seen, and so we do not know how they act on consumers. This research was necessary to determine whether psychological factors (motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes) have influence on the behavior of consumers when they choose retail trade or on creation of satisfied and loyal customers. For each of the psychological factors have created a different claims that relate on the most common factors based on which consumers make decisions about the choice of retail stores.As a key factor that affects the choice of retailing and the consumer satisfaction singled out the kindness and helpfulness of the sales staff inside the retail trade. It is surprising that prices are only fourth of the factors based on which consumers choose retail. In recent years, it was a lot of talk about the global crisis, unemployment, and one would expect that the price be in the first place. But that just shows that the quality of service is necessary to considered as the source of competitive advantage.Aim of the owners should be building a relationship of trust with consumers. Their interests should be viewed as interests of partners in achieving success.Research has shown that consumer satisfaction results in their return again to retail and sharing positive experiences on family, friends, and acquaintances.Satisfied consumers are generally becoming loyal consumers and the retail trades with them have no fear that they will cross the competition. Keywords: psychological factors, consumer behavior, satisfaction, loyalty, retail. 193 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2568 Title A name given to the resource Research of the Psychological Factors That Have Influence on Consumer Behavior Author Author Sandra Soče , KRALJEVIĆ Marija, BREKALO Abstract A summary of the resource. Psychological factors are an interesting area of research because they are "hidden", they cannot be seen, and so we do not know how they act on consumers. This research was necessary to determine whether psychological factors (motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes) have influence on the behavior of consumers when they choose retail trade or on creation of satisfied and loyal customers. For each of the psychological factors have created a different claims that relate on the most common factors based on which consumers make decisions about the choice of retail stores.As a key factor that affects the choice of retailing and the consumer satisfaction singled out the kindness and helpfulness of the sales staff inside the retail trade. It is surprising that prices are only fourth of the factors based on which consumers choose retail. In recent years, it was a lot of talk about the global crisis, unemployment, and one would expect that the price be in the first place. But that just shows that the quality of service is necessary to considered as the source of competitive advantage.Aim of the owners should be building a relationship of trust with consumers. Their interests should be viewed as interests of partners in achieving success.Research has shown that consumer satisfaction results in their return again to retail and sharing positive experiences on family, friends, and acquaintances.Satisfied consumers are generally becoming loyal consumers and the retail trades with them have no fear that they will cross the competition. Keywords: psychological factors, consumer behavior, satisfaction, loyalty, retail. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/0228d5f1f9a6fcf094b9fd607e4f6683.docx 00e5a5d2b728ed6fde04604852c274cd https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/788bb2335d8a97214054c44ea55897c5.pdf c9bea74c16ec264d229e7f5113aa3f9e PDF Text Text The Role of Behavioral Economics in B&H; Does Remittances and Foreign Aid Have Adverse Effect on Economic Development? Aida Soko University of Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina aidasba@hotmail.com Abstracts: Although the behavioral economics is subject of interest for over 50 years, it becomes fashionable again, as result of global crisis, to reassess the influence of irrational factors to economic development. B&H is exposed to constant crisis regardless to global one and it is hard to find rational explanations for many developments. At the same time there is no enough empirical findings and researches that would offer quantification of irrationality as well as intensity and correlation between some „usual suspects“ among variables that may have impact on economic development path. Generally speaking, B&H is not the only country that has complex administrative set up, even in regional terms. There are number of more developed countries that made such decisions on pure political basis still being very efficient in economic sense. B&H is also not only transition country that has to pass through structural reforms and make full turnover from economy reliance on big socialist companies to market economy based on smaller scale private ownership. There are rational rules of economic models, there are experiences of transition countries, there are lessons learnt on how the political issues can be solved on still economically efficient way, so why the Bosnian case is so specific? Are there rational reasons or we shall seek for other type of explanations?Behavioral economics as a combination of psychology and economy aiming to find answers on market functioning in conditions where market players are exposed to limited human resources and there are specific complications in place. Well, this is precise and effective description of B&H market: the lack of entrepreneurial tradition combined with complex transition process and relatively low level of foreign direct investments that may be a shortcut in knowledge transfer. In identifying specifics aspects of behavioral economics and its impact on economic development in BiH qualitative and quantitative analysis of different aspects of the research problem has been done. It includes desk analysis of relevant literature, articles and papers, a comparative analysis of selected (comparable) developing and transition countries, analysis of interrelations between remittances and donor funds as dependent variable and economic indicators (GDP per capita, FDI inflows per capita) as independent variables. Theories used include Prospect theory, Disruptive Theory and Leapfrogging concept, while correlation and regression analysis of remittances / grants and economic development indicators are used in data analysis.Specifically, among developing and transition countries, those having major investors in private sector among domestic or neighboring countries have slower economic growth. In particular case of B&H, private sector development is in addition restricted by public sector dominance.The research therefore confirmed reverse relationship between grant funds and remittances and economic development, giving a valuable input in BiH context and need of public sector reform as a tool to boost private sector development. Keywords: Behavioral economics, B&H, Public sector, Private sector, Economic development. 79 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2514 Title A name given to the resource The Role of Behavioral Economics in B&H; Does Remittances and Foreign Aid Have Adverse Effect on Economic Development? Author Author SOKO, Aida Abstract A summary of the resource. Although the behavioral economics is subject of interest for over 50 years, it becomes fashionable again, as result of global crisis, to reassess the influence of irrational factors to economic development. B&H is exposed to constant crisis regardless to global one and it is hard to find rational explanations for many developments. At the same time there is no enough empirical findings and researches that would offer quantification of irrationality as well as intensity and correlation between some „usual suspects“ among variables that may have impact on economic development path. Generally speaking, B&H is not the only country that has complex administrative set up, even in regional terms. There are number of more developed countries that made such decisions on pure political basis still being very efficient in economic sense. B&H is also not only transition country that has to pass through structural reforms and make full turnover from economy reliance on big socialist companies to market economy based on smaller scale private ownership. There are rational rules of economic models, there are experiences of transition countries, there are lessons learnt on how the political issues can be solved on still economically efficient way, so why the Bosnian case is so specific? Are there rational reasons or we shall seek for other type of explanations?Behavioral economics as a combination of psychology and economy aiming to find answers on market functioning in conditions where market players are exposed to limited human resources and there are specific complications in place. Well, this is precise and effective description of B&H market: the lack of entrepreneurial tradition combined with complex transition process and relatively low level of foreign direct investments that may be a shortcut in knowledge transfer. In identifying specifics aspects of behavioral economics and its impact on economic development in BiH qualitative and quantitative analysis of different aspects of the research problem has been done. It includes desk analysis of relevant literature, articles and papers, a comparative analysis of selected (comparable) developing and transition countries, analysis of interrelations between remittances and donor funds as dependent variable and economic indicators (GDP per capita, FDI inflows per capita) as independent variables. Theories used include Prospect theory, Disruptive Theory and Leapfrogging concept, while correlation and regression analysis of remittances / grants and economic development indicators are used in data analysis.Specifically, among developing and transition countries, those having major investors in private sector among domestic or neighboring countries have slower economic growth. In particular case of B&H, private sector development is in addition restricted by public sector dominance.The research therefore confirmed reverse relationship between grant funds and remittances and economic development, giving a valuable input in BiH context and need of public sector reform as a tool to boost private sector development. Keywords: Behavioral economics, B&H, Public sector, Private sector, Economic development. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/5c03f01c440dc4b3a13c9a24bcb002eb.docx 5f6f16649c684b8f9ed0b3cc8510900b https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/150447b5c08fc4356209575f28494b03.pdf 85db73d45ce5258e10447018488e6f00 PDF Text Text The Features and Challenges of Democratization Process in the Balkans Gloria Shkurti Sakarya University Turkey gshkurti09@epoka.edu.al SalihOzcan Epoka University Albania sozcan@epoka.edu.al Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the consolidation of democracy in the Balkans, but mostly demonstrated in the case of Albania. The process of democratization in the Balkans has undergone a long path since the fall of the communist regime in the region. As a consequence the analysis of the democratization in the Balkans has remained vague and difficult to be framed. This research was conducted on bases of quantitative and qualitative researches. In terms of the qualitative research there were conducted nine interviews with people that are competent in this field (such as politicians, analysts, political scientist etc.). The interview consisted of 6 open-ended and fully structured questions. Furthermore these interviews were conducted via e-mail or face-to-face. Secondly, the quantitative study will be based on primary data that is taken from the reports of Freedom House and the Economist Intelligence Unit. On basis of this study the democratization process can be understood through two main approaches: political and social approach. In terms of the political approach there should be considered the history of the Balkans (conflicts, wars and communist regimes). On the other hand there is the social approach related with the ill feelings transmitted from one generation to another, which indirectly affects the consolidation of democracy. Moreover in this article the process of democratization is analyzed also in terms of the external factors such as that EU or USA. In addition there is done also a short comparison, between Balkan states and other ex-communist states (such as: East European states, Czechoslovakia, Poland, etc.). After assessing all the elements, the future of democratization process in the Balkans and especially in Albania gives space for being optimistic and pessimistic at the same time. While optimism is related with the fact that there is no other path to be followed except democratization, pessimism on the other hand is related with the will of the political class. Key words: democratization, consolidation of democracy, the Balkans, challenges, features. 37 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2468 Title A name given to the resource The Features and Challenges of Democratization Process in the Balkans Author Author SHKURTI, Gloria OZCAN, Salih Abstract A summary of the resource. This paper aims to analyze the consolidation of democracy in the Balkans, but mostly demonstrated in the case of Albania. The process of democratization in the Balkans has undergone a long path since the fall of the communist regime in the region. As a consequence the analysis of the democratization in the Balkans has remained vague and difficult to be framed. This research was conducted on bases of quantitative and qualitative researches. In terms of the qualitative research there were conducted nine interviews with people that are competent in this field (such as politicians, analysts, political scientist etc.). The interview consisted of 6 open-ended and fully structured questions. Furthermore these interviews were conducted via e-mail or face-to-face. Secondly, the quantitative study will be based on primary data that is taken from the reports of Freedom House and the Economist Intelligence Unit. On basis of this study the democratization process can be understood through two main approaches: political and social approach. In terms of the political approach there should be considered the history of the Balkans (conflicts, wars and communist regimes). On the other hand there is the social approach related with the ill feelings transmitted from one generation to another, which indirectly affects the consolidation of democracy. Moreover in this article the process of democratization is analyzed also in terms of the external factors such as that EU or USA. In addition there is done also a short comparison, between Balkan states and other ex-communist states (such as: East European states, Czechoslovakia, Poland, etc.). After assessing all the elements, the future of democratization process in the Balkans and especially in Albania gives space for being optimistic and pessimistic at the same time. While optimism is related with the fact that there is no other path to be followed except democratization, pessimism on the other hand is related with the will of the political class. Key words: democratization, consolidation of democracy, the Balkans, challenges, features. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/8e4a2d56a40c719ade777aed5ce81789.docx b56619be998f8b8f8b350c74cdf9172f https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/6cc1b800d614d55fae29ffbe71765df4.pdf af4d315be6aa4ab063ea18c7600cc1bb PDF Text Text The Challenges of Western Balkans towards the European Union Loren Senja Epoka University Albania lsenja@epoka.edu.al Abstract: Integration of the Western Balkans in the European Union is one of the major challenges in the policies of this Union. There are different reasons for this situation. European countries look with distrust coexistence of peoples of the Balkan under the mantel of EU. The economic crisis that has involved the European Union has created difficulties in integration of the Western Balkans. As a result of economic crisis extremist spirit was added in some states of the Union. This paper presents challenges faced by Western Balkan countries towards EU integration.The hypothesis of this paper is to analyze economic crisis in European Union and diminished initiative to expand to new countries. Paper also analyzes the impact of Balkans interior conflicts of 1990s and approaches towards integration. Additionally paper examines the steps that are following Western Balkans to become EU member. What are the challenges of Western Balkan countries towards EU integration? Why Enlargement of Union was not supported too from citizens of EU? What new brought economic crisis in EU? Strong economic dependence of Balkan states with European Union and national deficits has less opportunity for progress. Solving the economic crisis is seen with more priority by countries members of the EU rather than its expanding initiatives. Furthermore the paper discusses the fact that economic crisis raised the extremist spirit of some European Union member states. Countries like Netherlands and Greece have their veto for the further expansion of the Union. Methodology used is multiple case reports through qualitative method. Literature is based in different books, newspapers and various articles related with this topic. First part discusses Balkan internal problem and EU. The second part analyzes European Union economic crisis and integration of Western Balkans. Keywords: Western Balkans, European Union, Economic Crisis, Expanding, Integration 12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2436 Title A name given to the resource The Challenges of Western Balkans towards the European Union Author Author SENJA, Loren Abstract A summary of the resource. Integration of the Western Balkans in the European Union is one of the major challenges in the policies of this Union. There are different reasons for this situation. European countries look with distrust coexistence of peoples of the Balkan under the mantel of EU. The economic crisis that has involved the European Union has created difficulties in integration of the Western Balkans. As a result of economic crisis extremist spirit was added in some states of the Union. This paper presents challenges faced by Western Balkan countries towards EU integration.The hypothesis of this paper is to analyze economic crisis in European Union and diminished initiative to expand to new countries. Paper also analyzes the impact of Balkans interior conflicts of 1990s and approaches towards integration. Additionally paper examines the steps that are following Western Balkans to become EU member. What are the challenges of Western Balkan countries towards EU integration? Why Enlargement of Union was not supported too from citizens of EU? What new brought economic crisis in EU? Strong economic dependence of Balkan states with European Union and national deficits has less opportunity for progress. Solving the economic crisis is seen with more priority by countries members of the EU rather than its expanding initiatives. Furthermore the paper discusses the fact that economic crisis raised the extremist spirit of some European Union member states. Countries like Netherlands and Greece have their veto for the further expansion of the Union. Methodology used is multiple case reports through qualitative method. Literature is based in different books, newspapers and various articles related with this topic. First part discusses Balkan internal problem and EU. The second part analyzes European Union economic crisis and integration of Western Balkans. Keywords: Western Balkans, European Union, Economic Crisis, Expanding, Integration Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/f462566df982d5ad3c0b407e167fbf5b.docx 00bbfd83fe918645fce06af3e0ec63bb https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/ebe2885b2386f08c9fa08945835985b7.pdf 4564938465bdf9d4f6dfd2b3ed51c0fd PDF Text Text Towards Establishing Financial and Budget Indicators for Municipalities: A Literature Review MirjanaSejdini Epoka University Albania msejdini@epoka.edu.al Abstract:Currently, one of the main problems that municipalities and other stakeholders face is having some objective indicators related to the finances and particularly the budget of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia. Considering the nature of local government finances and consulting various previous studies carried in similar countries like Macedonia, it is possible to generate some representative financial or budget indicators that could apply to municipalities in the country. These indicators would serve as the basis on which municipalities could be ranked within a year or through various years. It would depend on the availability of the data aiming at analyzing their relative performance and positioning. This paper aims at consulting the literature about generating these indicators and analyzing their applicability in the case of municipalities in Macedonia. The output of this study is a set of financial or budget indicators related to revenues and expenditures in municipalities of Macedonia. Definitely, this is a pioneering study for the country and the region. It would contribute to the existing research about evaluating the financial relative performance and financial conditions of municipalities not only in Macedonia, but also in the region. Keywords:Financial Indicators, Budget Indicators, Municipalities. 102 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2560 Title A name given to the resource Towards Establishing Financial and Budget Indicators for Municipalities: A Literature Review Author Author SEJDINI, Mirjana Abstract A summary of the resource. Currently, one of the main problems that municipalities and other stakeholders face is having some objective indicators related to the finances and particularly the budget of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia. Considering the nature of local government finances and consulting various previous studies carried in similar countries like Macedonia, it is possible to generate some representative financial or budget indicators that could apply to municipalities in the country. These indicators would serve as the basis on which municipalities could be ranked within a year or through various years. It would depend on the availability of the data aiming at analyzing their relative performance and positioning. This paper aims at consulting the literature about generating these indicators and analyzing their applicability in the case of municipalities in Macedonia. The output of this study is a set of financial or budget indicators related to revenues and expenditures in municipalities of Macedonia. Definitely, this is a pioneering study for the country and the region. It would contribute to the existing research about evaluating the financial relative performance and financial conditions of municipalities not only in Macedonia, but also in the region. Keywords:Financial Indicators, Budget Indicators, Municipalities. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/02c9bac6fe7475dba1dedec6d64368ea.docx ec06fc758ece877fbef2f9d33021bf11 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/4da7b7c794183231e1c566e4f7a41db0.pdf e0c53e35294ac9efa93a5c28ec4e0990 PDF Text Text Rise in Non-performing Loans: Determinants and Repercussions Amir Salkanović International University of Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina salkanovic@yahoo.com Abstract: Ever since 2008 as the global financial crisis came about, we witness quite major increase in non-performing loans in Bosnia and Herzegovina but also elsewhere in Eastern and Southern Europe and around the world. Non-performing loans can be viewed as realization of credit risk and indicator of financial health of the banking sector but also as an indicator of liquidity in real sector. The paper investigates determinants of non-performing loans and concludes that both macroeconomic and bank level determinants play a major role in determining level of non-performing loans in a country. The paper also discusses the feedback effect of rising level of non-performing loans back to the economy and finds that there is effect and repercussion on short term to medium term on macroeconomic climate. The paper also shortly addresses the banking regulation that regulates management of credit risk. Keywords: Non-performing loans, macroeconomic and bank level determinants, feedback effect, banking regulation. 84 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2519 Title A name given to the resource Rise in Non-performing Loans: Determinants and Repercussions Author Author SALKANOVIĆ, Amir Abstract A summary of the resource. Ever since 2008 as the global financial crisis came about, we witness quite major increase in non-performing loans in Bosnia and Herzegovina but also elsewhere in Eastern and Southern Europe and around the world. Non-performing loans can be viewed as realization of credit risk and indicator of financial health of the banking sector but also as an indicator of liquidity in real sector. The paper investigates determinants of non-performing loans and concludes that both macroeconomic and bank level determinants play a major role in determining level of non-performing loans in a country. The paper also discusses the feedback effect of rising level of non-performing loans back to the economy and finds that there is effect and repercussion on short term to medium term on macroeconomic climate. The paper also shortly addresses the banking regulation that regulates management of credit risk. Keywords: Non-performing loans, macroeconomic and bank level determinants, feedback effect, banking regulation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/8645893bacf81d5093aceb7490e099a2.docx e7d826521431d2e23b7bb2c6626049c4 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/c36930c837e195e92e3efb0c4135ce2c.pdf d153533b99969472de2e554a796ca144 PDF Text Text Challenges of Waste Management in the South East Albania, Korça Region MarselaSalavaçi Epoka University Albania msalavaci@epoka.edu.al SalihOzcan Epoka University Albania sozcan@epoka.edu.al Abstract: Waste management process is the collection, transportation and processing of waste materials. Generally waste management is done by local government institutions and it needs cooperation between these institutions and the entire population. Waste management is a challenge for local governments due to increasing amount of waste, lack of the budget because of the lower taxes collected from the local inhabitants for the service of waste management, and lack of cooperation with the population. People are not yet aware of the damage they cause to the environment, to their quality of life and to the next generations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation of waste management in the south east of Albania in the Korça region. This region has 33 local government units (municipalities and communes) of which 28 have jointly established a company called Korça Regional Waste Management (KRWM). This cooperation between local governments is the first example of its kind in Albania. The financial aid for this cooperation which includes the collection of waste, transportation to the landfill, waste processing and building the landfill is financed by the KreditanstaltfürWiederaufbau (KfW) bank in Germany. As a methodology this paper will analyze the primary data taken from this corporation. The results of the questionnaire used by this corporation will demonstrate the waste management methods done by each of these municipalities and communes until now and what are their expectations for the future work need to be done by KRWM. Furthermore, an interview with the administrator of this company is also planned.As a first successful pilot project in Korça region, this new way of cooperation between local governments should also be followed by the other regions of Albania. Keywords: Waste management, Korca Region, KRWM, Albania, KfW 34 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2464 Title A name given to the resource Challenges of Waste Management in the South East Albania, Korça Region Author Author SALAVAÇI, Marsela OZCAN, Salih Abstract A summary of the resource. Waste management process is the collection, transportation and processing of waste materials. Generally waste management is done by local government institutions and it needs cooperation between these institutions and the entire population. Waste management is a challenge for local governments due to increasing amount of waste, lack of the budget because of the lower taxes collected from the local inhabitants for the service of waste management, and lack of cooperation with the population. People are not yet aware of the damage they cause to the environment, to their quality of life and to the next generations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation of waste management in the south east of Albania in the Korça region. This region has 33 local government units (municipalities and communes) of which 28 have jointly established a company called Korça Regional Waste Management (KRWM). This cooperation between local governments is the first example of its kind in Albania. The financial aid for this cooperation which includes the collection of waste, transportation to the landfill, waste processing and building the landfill is financed by the KreditanstaltfürWiederaufbau (KfW) bank in Germany. As a methodology this paper will analyze the primary data taken from this corporation. The results of the questionnaire used by this corporation will demonstrate the waste management methods done by each of these municipalities and communes until now and what are their expectations for the future work need to be done by KRWM. Furthermore, an interview with the administrator of this company is also planned.As a first successful pilot project in Korça region, this new way of cooperation between local governments should also be followed by the other regions of Albania. Keywords: Waste management, Korca Region, KRWM, Albania, KfW Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/ddb3d9a8dd60d57327a35058863bbe85.docx 15aa68a45159c48514a27418860f957a https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/58591f8fffbfe300d6eb2cdac0d392ee.pdf f00a81e20733f8504e72bf724952352c PDF Text Text The Study of Economic Capital Effects on Lifestyle (The Case Study of Pistachio Farmers in Two Villages of Kerman City in Iran) ShimaSafa Soil conservation and watershed management research Institute Iran shima.safa@gmail.com Abstract: As the social world changes, we need new concepts to understand it. The most important change in recent centuries has been the historical increase of consumption. Lifestyle and basic cultural values have changed in Iranian villages in the past half century. In fact, in Iranian villages, some sort of "Iranian rural modernity" has emerged. This paper has attempted to review the terms of lifestyle and indicators. And then it pays to examine the effect of pistachio orchards spread over the rural lifestyle both quantitative and qualitative methods. In this study, theories of sociologists Bourdieu and Giddensare used to study lifestyle, and Ronald Inglehart and other sociologists’ to analyze generational replacement. In qualitative research method, we have used rapid rural assessment, participatory approach, and semi-structured interviews. Interviews transcend walk, and group discussion were among the techniques used in this study. In quantitative part, 440 people from three generations living in the villages were sampled at random Research findings show that consistent with Bourdieu's “distinction theory” economic capitalist associated with lifestyle as the main hypothesis of the research. But the greatest impact is related to generation. As Bourdieu's theory, economic status does not determine the lifestyle changes. Keywords: economic capital - lifestyle – generational changes – pistachio cultivation – Kerman 70 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2505 Title A name given to the resource The Study of Economic Capital Effects on Lifestyle (The Case Study of Pistachio Farmers in Two Villages of Kerman City in Iran) Author Author SAFA, Shima Abstract A summary of the resource. As the social world changes, we need new concepts to understand it. The most important change in recent centuries has been the historical increase of consumption. Lifestyle and basic cultural values have changed in Iranian villages in the past half century. In fact, in Iranian villages, some sort of "Iranian rural modernity" has emerged. This paper has attempted to review the terms of lifestyle and indicators. And then it pays to examine the effect of pistachio orchards spread over the rural lifestyle both quantitative and qualitative methods. In this study, theories of sociologists Bourdieu and Giddensare used to study lifestyle, and Ronald Inglehart and other sociologists’ to analyze generational replacement. In qualitative research method, we have used rapid rural assessment, participatory approach, and semi-structured interviews. Interviews transcend walk, and group discussion were among the techniques used in this study. In quantitative part, 440 people from three generations living in the villages were sampled at random Research findings show that consistent with Bourdieu's “distinction theory” economic capitalist associated with lifestyle as the main hypothesis of the research. But the greatest impact is related to generation. As Bourdieu's theory, economic status does not determine the lifestyle changes. Keywords: economic capital - lifestyle – generational changes – pistachio cultivation – Kerman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General)