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                <text>Over the years, it has been stated that creativity focuses on how we think and our strong desire to achieve something new or different. It is very important for language as well because the main purpose of language is to conduct the messages during communication. Individuals may wish to transfer their messages through different tools, which they would find out through creation. Therefore, encouraging creativity should be a purpose of language teachers as creative communication is both needed and crucial.     Use of literature is an effective way of encouraging creativity in language classes. A creative context implies an environment of possibility which offers choices and encourages students to play with ideas and words and find innovative ways forward. Teachers want to include form, function and rules of language in those by helping students explore these in meaningful contexts. In this sense, literature is of the greatest help as it provides ways to achieve that.     This paper aims to study the ways to exploit literary texts in order to have students discover language patterns with form and function; as well as the ways to foster students’ creativity through the use of literature. For this purpose, regular language and reading lessons were held with an EFL class of 21 students. The attitudes of the students and the classroom teacher have been identified through interviews and questionnaires. In addition, the academic performances of the students have been evaluated at the beginning and the end of the research process. As a result, it has been seen that both students and the teacher had positive attitudes towards the use of literature in language classes and the academic performances have increased.     In conclusion, this study can help creativity through the use of literary texts be placed in teaching foreign language as a new trend.   </text>
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                    <text>Journal of Economic and Social Studies

EDITORIAL
A Comparative Analysis of Current Economic Development
in the Balkan Countries
Okyay UCAN

Faculty of Economics,
Nigde University, Turkey,
okyayu@hotmail.com

Fatih CELEBIOGLU

Faculty of Economics
Dumlupinar University, Turkey
fcelebioglu@hotmail.com

Welcome to the Special Issue of Journal of Economic and Social Studies (JECOSS).
While JECOSS aims to embody interdisciplinary areas such as economics, business
administration, public administration, political studies, international relations, labor
economics and industrial relations, econometrics, sociology and psychology, this
Special Issue focuses on contemporary economic issues in the Balkans and is titled as
"A Comparative Analysis of Current Economic Development in the Balkan
Countries"..
The Balkan Peninsula (South Eastern Europe) is an important area where both
important historical and political events are taken place for the centuries. It has also
recently experienced an unprecedented transformation. Over the past two decades,
the Balkan Countries have gone through very important economic, social and
political changes. Some former socialist countries (Bulgaria-2007, Slovenia-2004 and
Romania-2007) and Greece (1981) have become full members of the EU. Some
other Balkan countries (Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo
and Macedonia) have experienced fierce political conflicts which ended up with the
wars in the region in 1990s. Following the turmoil, these countries have started to
struggle for economic, social and political reconstruction process. In the war and
during economic and politicaltransformation, many of the Balkan countries had
economically declined. Their welfare levels had gone down.

5

�Okyay UCAN &amp; Fatih CELEBIOGLU

These countries have still important problems in economic area, although they have
slowly been witnessing political stabilization in the recent years.
This special issue of Journal of Economic and Social Studies concentrates on recent
economic developments in the Balkan States and provides a basis for shaping the
future direction for sustainable economic policies in the region. In this regard, taken
a comparative analysis approach, the special issue tries to collect anumber of the
qualified studies about the Balkan economies, to make multi-dimensional
predictions/projections
about economic future of the Balkan Countries and to encourage debate on various
approaches related to development strategies for the region. We bring together the
original contributions utilizing the contemporary methodology and data. Both
conceptual and empirical papers are welcomed. Papers that provide intuitive
contemplations of data that leads to be extracted policy implications for both
planners of the region and future researchers are given priority.
The Special Issue includes the articles on some important subjects (as
Competitiveness Factors; Comparative Analysis for Banking Sector; Insurance
Market Development; Gender Responsive Budgeting as Smart Economics; The
Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Banking Sector; The Affecting
Channels of the Global Crisis; Social Sustainability; Roles of Investment and
Innovation in Business; Monetary Policy Transmission; Costs and Benefits of the
EU Enlargement; Evaluation of Financial Performance of Banking Sector) for the
Balkan Countries.
Vladimir Šimić and Lena Malešević-Perović investigate monetary policy transmission
in the Balkans in the 21st century. In order to analyse the reaction of output and
prices to a shock in monetary policy (defined as an increase in the interest rate) this
study employs structural vector autoregression approach.
Haris Kurtagić and Elif Nuroglu comparatively investigate costs and benefits of the
EU enlargement on the EU and see countries. Taking into consideration the costs of
enlargement, the paper examines the effects of enlargement on trade flows, and its
significance on the development of SEEC’s. It also tries to see the impact of
enlargement on the well-being of SEE countries. Moreover, it offers a solution for
the South-east European countries which is the creation of the Balkan Union.
Nađa Dreca makes a comparative analysis of the financial performance of the
banking sector in some ex-Yu countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia
and Serbia for period from 2005 to 2010.this paper show that banking system of
6

Journal of Economic and Social Studies

�A Comparative Analysis of Current Economic Developments in the Balkan Countries

these countries suffers from problems in the banking sector, largely influenced by its
huge debt to IMF, political situation, financial crisis, internal situation and other
political factors.
In the paper of Başak Gül AKTAKAS, Cengiz AYTUN and Cemil Serhat AKIN,
business cycles is analyzed for 1971-2009 period by using the yearly data in Turkey
and Greece and it has been dealt with the effects of investment and innovation on
cyclical fluctuation. In the paper which growth rates have been discussed, ordinary
least square estimation method has been used. The paper has examined the effect of
innovation on investment and income.
Azra Bičo and Mehmed Ganić analyze the banking sector's performance of the two
former Yugoslavian republics, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper is
the first study examining the efficiency of banking sector in two countries.
The article of Nikola Dacev presents an insurance market research of the markets in
several Balkan countries that were part of former Yugoslavia and are still not
members of EU. Being categorized as developing countries, they have far lower
development degree in comparison with the European Insurance Federation member
countries.
Other article of Mehmed Ganic is about the impact of the global financial crisis on
the banking sector of Western Balkans. The paper examines the extent and impact of
the global financial crises on position of the banking sector of Western Balkans
covering both pre-crisis and crisis period as well as to provide an explanation for
these trends.
Merima AVDAGIĆ and Faruk HUJIĆ give a comparative analysis of two different
frameworks for inclusion of gender in fiscal economics through gender responsive
budgeting (GRB) initiatives that took place over one decade - from 2000 till 2010 in
two former Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Republic of
Macedonia (Macedonia).
The article that belongs to Alica Pandzo, Kemal Taljanovic and Selma Jahic explores
the impact measurement practices of microcredit organizations in Bosnia and
Herzegovina and their use of information systems in this process. They draw on the
latest trends of using shared measurement systems for impact monitoring, to point
out the potential of using such systems to achieve sustainable impact on wider social
issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

7

�Okyay UCAN &amp; Fatih CELEBIOGLU

Kazım Develioğlu and Kemal KANTARCI aim to examine competitive factors in
the Balkan countries to develop a road map for investors. To do this, they used
World Economic Forum’s “Global Competitiveness Index” to analyze the case of the
Balkan countries as a region to cluster and compare them based on Global
competitiveness factors. Analysis results pointed out those Balkan countries were
clustered in two groups and scored lower or medium level on almost all competitive
factors as the region. Based on these findings, authors suggested various strategic
recommendations at micro and macro level.
Ali Şen and Hüseyin Altay search the channels of contagion in the global crisis in
Balkan countries. According to their empirical findings obtaining from the panel
regression results, until the global crisis, the external variables significantly promoted
the abilities of their growth. However, the contributions of external variables on
GDP growth rate reduced sharply with the global crisis.
We hope that this Special Issue will be a reference paper for researchers that want to
search on the region. Besides, we want to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. TeomanDuman
(editor of JECOSS and Vice Rector of International Burch University), Mersid
POTURAK (editorial assistant of JECOSS), other workers of the University and
JECOSS, all referees and all authors of the Special Issue, because of their valuable
contributions.

8

Journal of Economic and Social Studies

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                <text>Welcome to the Special Issue of Journal of Economic and Social Studies (JECOSS). While JECOSS aims to embody interdisciplinary areas such as economics, business administration, public administration, political studies, international relations, labor economics and industrial relations, econometrics, sociology and psychology, this Special Issue focuses on contemporary economic issues in the Balkans and is titled as "A Comparative Analysis of Current Economic Development in the Balkan Countries"..  The Balkan Peninsula (South Eastern Europe) is an important area where both important historical and political events are taken place for the centuries. It has also recently experienced an unprecedented transformation. Over the past two decades, the Balkan Countries have gone through very important economic, social and political changes. Some former socialist countries (Bulgaria-2007, Slovenia-2004 and Romania-2007) and Greece (1981) have become full members of the EU. Some other Balkan countries (Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and Macedonia) have experienced fierce political conflicts which ended up with the wars in the region in 1990s. Following the turmoil, these countries have started to struggle for economic, social and political reconstruction process. In the war and during economic and politicaltransformation, many of the Balkan countries had economically declined. Their welfare levels had gone down.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20966">
                <text>2012</text>
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          <element elementId="97">
            <name>Keywords</name>
            <description>Keywords.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20967">
                <text>Article
PeerReviewed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>H Social Sciences (General),HB Economic Theory,HG Finance</name>
      </tag>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="2684" public="1" featured="0">
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            <name>Extent</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20968">
                <text>857</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20969">
                <text>Plagiarism: What are the Major Types and Causes among Iranian ELT Students?</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="96">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description>Author</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20970">
                <text>Weisi , Hiwa 
Mirzabeigi, Masoud </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20971">
                <text>The present study aims to investigate plagiarism and its major types and causes among Iranian MA students majoring in ELT. It also aims at finding the possible similarities and differences between male and female students in terms of committing plagiarism. To do this, three classes of MA students majoring in ELT from Ilam and Shiraz universities were selected randomly from Iranian National Universities. Relying on the results of the previous studies, the study divides the causes of committing plagiarism into three major types: Time, Motivation and Awareness. To investigate plagiarism and its causes a questionnaire with 19 five-choice items was designed and through pilot study its validity and reliability were obtained. Based on Rajeev (2009) classification, plagiarism was classified into five types: full, self, partial, minimalistic and source-citation plagiarism and these were embedded in the questionnaire. The results of the study showed that as far as gender difference is concerned no significant difference was found between male and female participants with regard to the extent of committing various types of plagiarism. However, it also showed that the males were more familiar with the rules of reporting, quoting, giving reference and citation than the females. As for the causes of committing plagiarism the results showed that concerning Time both males and females had similar attitudes, while their attitudes toward Motivation and Awareness was different. Finally, while most of the females knew the lack of knowledge as a major cause of plagiarizing most males knew Motivation (not being read their term papers by the professors) as the major reason for committing plagiarism.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20972">
                <text>2012</text>
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          <element elementId="97">
            <name>Keywords</name>
            <description>Keywords.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20973">
                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>P Philology. Linguistics</name>
      </tag>
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  <item itemId="2685" public="1" featured="0">
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="79">
            <name>Extent</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20974">
                <text>986</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20975">
                <text>Unavailable “Gazel” Lyrics in Rizayi Dewan</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="96">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description>Author</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20976">
                <text>Yapici, Sefika 
Gonel, Huseyin</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20977">
                <text>Mehmed Ali Celebi who wrote by using the pesudonym “Rizayi” is one of the poets of 17th century. He has both works written in prose and one “müretteb dewan”. It is stated that first 15 couplets of 15. number qasida in that dewan was unread before.    In a corpus (mecmua), recorded with R-6809 number and named “Mecmua-i Devavin” in Gazi Husrev Bey Library, in Bosnia, those unread 15 couplets is detected. Furthermore, there are 9 unavailable gazel lyrics in Rizayi Dewan in the same corpus.    There are poems of Rizayi in Mecmua-i Devavin. The writer of that corpus wrote till “Kaf” letter among the poems of that poet. He chose poems among the poems of that poet.  We will publish above mentioned unavailable 9 gazel lyrics in the dewan and first 15 couplets.    </text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20978">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="97">
            <name>Keywords</name>
            <description>Keywords.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20979">
                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>P Philology. Linguistics</name>
      </tag>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="2686" public="1" featured="0">
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          <element elementId="79">
            <name>Extent</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20980">
                <text>966</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20981">
                <text>A Study of Death of a Salesman in the Light of Louis Althusser’s “Ideology”</text>
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          <element elementId="96">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description>Author</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20982">
                <text>Yazdani, Saeed 
Exir, Mohammad </text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20983">
                <text>Althusser’s work on “ideology” offers literary critics the possibility of an entirely new kind of literary criticism. It has offered a revolutionary theory of society in whose terms literature could be understood, and a politically significant rationale for doing so. In the light of his work, it seemed that literary criticism could for the first time become both scientifically true and politically radical.  The main purpose behind an ideology is to offer change in society and introduce a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. What ideology creates in people’s minds is a sense of illusion of being important and also being free. The result of such an imposed thought is loss of identity which Althusser mentions as a process of turning individuals into subjects and the slaves of the system unconsciously.    The core of all Miller’s works is fragmentation of the American society. He left for the history of theater, his great tragedy, Death of a Salesman, as an outstanding modern drama. Miller is an anomalous figure in the American theater, both reviled and exalted to the highest level for his work, often for the same reason. His themes are shaped more by social and political arguments than by the grieving of the human heart. Death of a Salesman mixes the tradition of social realism that informs most of Miller’s works with a more experimental structure that includes fluid leaps in time as the main character, Willy Loman, drifts into memories of his sons as teenagers and turns to be a victim of his own delusions of grandeur and obsession with success, which leads to failure.    In this article an attempt is made to analyze Miller’s work the light of Althusser’s ideology, with reference to such new concepts as Interpellation (Subject), ISAs (Ideological State Apparatuses), RSA (Repressive State Apparatus).  </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20984">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="97">
            <name>Keywords</name>
            <description>Keywords.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20985">
                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>P Philology. Linguistics</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2687" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="79">
            <name>Extent</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20986">
                <text>965</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20987">
                <text>Integrating Content and Language in the Curriculum: The Dual Focus of CLIL</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="96">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description>Author</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20988">
                <text>Yolanda, Ruiz de Zarobe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20989">
                <text>The phenomenon of multilingualism has increased in the last years in Europe, supported by the initiatives undertaken by the Council of Europe (2006), which encourage intercultural communication and multilingualism as key policy goals in the European scenario. Among the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers concerning modern languages, we can highlight concrete measures to promote multilingualism, such as the support in the application of communication and information technologies to disseminate teaching and learning materials for all European national or regional languages, or the promotion of teaching programmes at all levels using a flexible approach, and their appropriate recognition in national qualification systems, in particular public examinations.     One of the measures which have attracted a great deal of attention in the last years is the encouragement in the use of foreign languages in the teaching of non-linguistic subjects (for example history, geography, mathematics) and the implementation of favourable conditions for such teaching. With the aim of providing an answer to these needs, an educational approach has been implemented throughout Europe: Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), which seeks to increase the presence of the foreign language by teaching curricular content through the medium of that foreign language. This paper analyses the rationale of CLIL as one of the most effective frameworks to foster multilingualism and to help in foreign/second language learning.     Plurilingual Education in Europe: 50 Years of International Cooperation (2006) Council of Europe: Language Policy Division: Strasbourg.  </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20990">
                <text>2012</text>
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                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
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        <name>P Philology. Linguistics</name>
      </tag>
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  </item>
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