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                    <text>1st International Annual Student Symposium

yazan şairler çıkmış ve bu şairler divan meydana getirmişlerdir. Bu dönemde
metinler Türkçe aslından okunup anlaşıldığı için çeviri çalışmalarına pek fazla
rastlanmaz. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti'nin bölgeden çekilmeye başladığı
19.yüzyıldan itibaren çeviri çalışmaları yapılmaya başlanmış ve bu çeviriler
günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Tanzimat'tan itibaren başlayan bu çeviri
çalışmalarını ilk olarak Çatica, Başagiça, Avde Karabegoviça gibi isimler
Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa,Tevfik Fikret, Muallim Naci gibi isimlerden çeviri
yaparak başlatmışlardır. Bu tercüme çalışmalarının edebiyat edebiyat teorisi,
edebi tenkit gibi açılardan Bosna edebiyatına katkıları olmuştur. Bu çalışmada
Tanzimat'tan sonra Bosna'da yapılan edebi çeviriler tesbit edilip bu çevirilerin
Bosna kültür ve edebiyatına katkıları incelenecektir.
SARAYBOSNA’NIN BİLİNMEYEN YİTİĞİ
Gülşah Doğan
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ÖZET
Hacı Hafız Muliç Efendi, 1915 yılında Saraybosna’da ulema bir ailenin
çocuğu olarak dünyaya gelir.2011 yılında ise vefat eder.Hayatını ilme ve talebe
yetiştirmeye adamıştır.Hacı Hafız Efendi Bosna için çok büyük değer taşıyan
bir evliyadır.Yaptığı bini aşkın hutbeleriyle Bosna’nın savaş döneminde ve
daha sonraki sıkıntılı dönemlerinde dahi kararlı duruşundan,ideallerinden
vazgeçmeyerek bu bölgenin manevi anlamda adeta yapı taşı olmuştur.
Bütün evliyalar gibi Hacı Hafız Hazretleri de kerametlerini anlatmaktan
çekinmiştir. Bu yüzden de Boşnak Edebiyatı Camiası ve Bosna Halkı
tarafından pek tanınamamıştır.Hacı Muliç Efendi’nin Saraybosna’ya ilmi
açıdan yaptığı en büyük yatırım Mevlana Hazretleri’nin Mesnevi’sini
Farsça’dan-Boşnakça’ya çevirerek Mesnevi’yi Bosna’ya tanıtmıştır.Bizim bu
çalışmadaki amacımız Hacı Muliç’in bilinmeyen batini-zahiri yönlerini ortaya
koyarak Boşnak ve Türk kültürü arasında maddi-manevi değerler arası köprü
48 |

�BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

kurmak ve ortak bağlarımızı geliştirmektir. Çalışmamızın içeriği 1915-2011
yılları arasında yaşayan bu önemli zatın kerametlerini ve bilinmeyen kişiliğini
ortaya çıkarmak şeklindedir.Yapılan alan çalışması Hafız Efendi’nin talabesi
olan 5 kişi ile röportajlı görüşme, 2 kitap tercümesi ve 1 seminer katılımıyla
gerçekleştirilmektedir.Kaynak
kişilerin
görüşme
esnasında
bilgileri
tutulmaktadır.Ayrıca görüşmelerin dışında Hacı Hafız Efendi’nin türbesi,
onun adına yapılan cami ve Mujaga Vakfı gezilip bu yerlerden ortaya çıkan
anlatılar ve görüntüler toplanmaktadır.
SEZAİ KARAKOÇ’UN YAZ ŞİİRİNDE MİLLET ANLAYIŞI
Ayşe DİNÇ &amp; Mehmet Emin SAĞIR
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Anahtar Kelime: Sezai Karakoç, Nation, Ottoman Empire, summer, esurrection
ÖZET
Sezai Karakoç, has been one of the leading poets of the modern Turkish poetry
since 1950. However, he is not only a poet with his intellectual identity but
also the idea of resurrection has an important place in the history of the
Turkish thought. Karakoç has an idea for every aspect of community life and
he has developed the convention of civilization. Also he describes the nation as
community of people with the same ideals. Every nation keeps its existence in
a seasonal cycle, and sometimes lives in the winter and sometimes in the
summer. According to him, the Turkish nation is a nation that has survived
for a thousand year; Ottoman period refers to season of the summer of this
nation. And if we take off the winter cover from nation, resurrection will take
place and summer will come back again.
Thus, In this study, Sezai Karakoç`s poem”summer” will be examined from
the aspect of his nation understanding and symbolic language of poetry.
| 49

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                <text>DOGAN, Gulsah</text>
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                <text>Hacı Hafız Muliç Efendi, 1915 yılında Saraybosna’da ulema bir ailenin  çocuğu olarak dünyaya gelir.2011 yılında ise vefat eder.Hayatını ilme ve talebe  yetiştirmeye adamıştır.Hacı Hafız Efendi Bosna için çok büyük değer taşıyan  bir evliyadır.Yaptığı bini aşkın hutbeleriyle Bosna’nın savaş döneminde ve  daha sonraki sıkıntılı dönemlerinde dahi kararlı duruşundan,ideallerinden  vazgeçmeyerek bu bölgenin manevi anlamda adeta yapı taşı olmuştur.  Bütün evliyalar gibi Hacı Hafız Hazretleri de kerametlerini anlatmaktan  çekinmiştir. Bu yüzden de Boşnak Edebiyatı Camiası ve Bosna Halkı  tarafından pek tanınamamıştır.Hacı Muliç Efendi’nin Saraybosna’ya ilmi  açıdan yaptığı en büyük yatırım Mevlana Hazretleri’nin Mesnevi’sini  Farsça’dan-Boşnakça’ya çevirerek Mesnevi’yi Bosna’ya tanıtmıştır.Bizim bu  çalışmadaki amacımız Hacı Muliç’in bilinmeyen batini-zahiri yönlerini ortaya  koyarak Boşnak ve Türk kültürü arasında maddi-manevi değerler arası köprü kurmak ve ortak bağlarımızı geliştirmektir. Çalışmamızın içeriği 1915-2011  yılları arasında yaşayan bu önemli zatın kerametlerini ve bilinmeyen kişiliğini  ortaya çıkarmak şeklindedir.Yapılan alan çalışması Hafız Efendi’nin talabesi  olan 5 kişi ile röportajlı görüşme, 2 kitap tercümesi ve 1 seminer katılımıyla  gerçekleştirilmektedir.Kaynak kişilerin görüşme esnasında bilgileri  tutulmaktadır.Ayrıca görüşmelerin dışında Hacı Hafız Efendi’nin türbesi,  onun adına yapılan cami ve Mujaga Vakfı gezilip bu yerlerden ortaya çıkan  anlatılar ve görüntüler toplanmaktadır.</text>
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                    <text>BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

SARAYBOSNA'DA BEKTAŞİ TARİKATININ ÖNCESİ-SONRASI
Fatma Sevde DOĞAN
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ÖZET
Balkanlar baslangıçta Bizans ile Roma, ardından Türk-islâm dünyâsı ile Batı
arasında köprü vazîfesini yapmış, târih boyunca birkaç kavmin ve kültürün
doğudan batıya doğru göçüsüne sahne olmuştur. Bu sebeple farklı dönemlere
âit değişik kavimleri, kültür ve medeniyetleri bir arada barındırma özelliğini de
kazanmıştır. Osmanlıların Balkanlara yerleşmesinde tarîkat şeyhleri ve dervişler
önemli görevler üstlenmişler ve Osmanlı fetihlerinin Balkanlardaki öncüleri ve
ilk mîmarları olmuşlardır. Balkanlar Osmanlı ordusunun gelip askerle
fethetmesinden çok daha önce tarîkat mensupları tarafından bir anlamda
fethedilmiş, diğer bir deyişle Osmanlılar buraya gelmeden yerli halk psikolojik
olarak bu fethe hâzır hâle getirilmiş ve Osmanlı orduları son derece elverişli bir
ortamla karsılaşmıştır.Osmanlı’nın fethinden sonra da Balkanlara birçok
tarikat ulaşmış,günümüzde de faaliyetlerini etkin bir şekilde devam
ettirmektedirler.
İnsanoğlu kendisinde zaman kavramı oluştuğundan bu yana sürekli “Benden
önce ne vardı? Benden sonra ne olacak?” sorusunu yöneltmiş ve bu sorulara
yanıt aramıştır. Bektaşîlik,insan-ı kamili bulma amacıyla girilen hakikate
varma yoludur. Bektâşîlik, Horasan erenlerinden Türk olan Hacı Bektâş-î Veli
(ö. 669/1270-71) tarafından kurulmustur. Bektaşiliğin kendine mahsus
kuralları, gelenek içinde Erkânname ile günümüze kadar gelmiştir.
Balkanlar’da Bektaşilik ise, XVIII. ve XIX. Yüzyıllları arası oldukça etkili olan
tasavvuf akımlarından biridir.Bektaşilik tarikatı Balkanlar da birinci derecede
önem taşımış ve taşımaktadır.Bektâşîliğin Balkanlara yerleşmesi ise iki yönden
gerçekleşmiştir Bundan dolayı Balkanlarda yaşayan halkın mensup olduğu
mevcut tarîkatların arasında Balkan sâkinlerinin kültürel, sosyal ve siyâsal
| 45

�1st International Annual Student Symposium

yaşantısında Bektâşîliğin özel bir konumu vardır. Özellikle Balkanlarda
yaşayan müslümanlar arasında en çok nüfûsa sahip olan Arnavutlar üzerinde
Bektâşîlerin te’sirleri çoktur ve başlı başına bir araştırma konusudur.Bu
anlatılan süreçten sonra ise Bektaşilikte büyük bir düşüş gerçekleşir. .Büyük
bir ilgiden sonraki süreçte Bektaşilik Tarikatı’nın günümüzde etkilerinin
hemen hemen hiç görülmemesi araştırılmaktadır.Biz bu çalışmamızda
Bosna’da Bektaşilik Tarikatının gerileme sebepleri,halkın gözünde Bektaşilik
Tarikatının dünü-bugünü hakkındaki görüşlerini kayıt altında takdim
edeceğiz.Bektaşilik Tarikatı’nın Bosna ayağını bilinmeyen yönleriyle ortaya
koymaya çalışacağız.Bu bilgileri röportaj yöntemiyle pekiştirmeye çalışacağız.
AYVAZ DEDE
Nurşen Özkan
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Anahtar Kelime: Ayvaz Dede, Akhisar, Prusats, şenlik
ÖZET
Ayvaz Dede, Bosna-Hersek’te yaşamış en ünlü kişilerden biridir. Hakkında
çok fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır. 15. yüzyılda, Manisa-Akhisar’dan Bosna’nın
Prusats bölgesine gelmiştir. Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in Bosna’yı fethi sırasında
(1463), İslamiyeti yaymak için getirdiği 40 şeyhten biridir. Türkçe kaynaklara
göre; 500 yıl önce Akhisar’dan gelmiş ve bugünde hala şenliklerle anılan Donyi
Vakuf kentinin Prusats kasabasına gelmiştir. Halkın kıtlık çektiği bir dönemde
kente su gelmesini önleyen dağın önünde 40 gün 40 gece ibadet edip Allah’a
yalvarmıştır. İnanışa göre, 40. gece rüyasında iki koçun birbiriyle çarpıştığını
gören Ayvaz Dede, uyandığında dağın yarıldığını ve oradan suyun aktığını
görmüştür. Böylece, halk suya kavuşmuştur. Ayvaz Dede’nin doğum günü ve
hayatı hakkında ortak bir fikir yoktur. Nereli olduğuna dair kesin olmamakla
birlikte çok değişik rivayetler vardır. Bosna’nın kalbini kazanan değerli, saygı
46 |

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                <text>Balkanlar baslangıçta Bizans ile Roma, ardından Türk-islâm dünyâsı ile Batı  arasında köprü vazîfesini yapmış, târih boyunca birkaç kavmin ve kültürün  doğudan batıya doğru göçüsüne sahne olmuştur. Bu sebeple farklı dönemlere  âit değişik kavimleri, kültür ve medeniyetleri bir arada barındırma özelliğini de  kazanmıştır. Osmanlıların Balkanlara yerleşmesinde tarîkat şeyhleri ve dervişler  önemli görevler üstlenmişler ve Osmanlı fetihlerinin Balkanlardaki öncüleri ve  ilk mîmarları olmuşlardır. Balkanlar Osmanlı ordusunun gelip askerle  fethetmesinden çok daha önce tarîkat mensupları tarafından bir anlamda  fethedilmiş, diğer bir deyişle Osmanlılar buraya gelmeden yerli halk psikolojik  olarak bu fethe hâzır hâle getirilmiş ve Osmanlı orduları son derece elverişli bir  ortamla karsılaşmıştır.Osmanlı’nın fethinden sonra da Balkanlara birçok  tarikat ulaşmış,günümüzde de faaliyetlerini etkin bir şekilde devam  ettirmektedirler.  İnsanoğlu kendisinde zaman kavramı oluştuğundan bu yana sürekli “Benden  önce ne vardı? Benden sonra ne olacak?” sorusunu yöneltmiş ve bu sorulara  yanıt aramıştır. Bektaşîlik,insan-ı kamili bulma amacıyla girilen hakikate  varma yoludur. Bektâşîlik, Horasan erenlerinden Türk olan Hacı Bektâş-î Veli  (ö. 669/1270-71) tarafından kurulmustur. Bektaşiliğin kendine mahsus  kuralları, gelenek içinde Erkânname ile günümüze kadar gelmiştir.  Balkanlar’da Bektaşilik ise, XVIII. ve XIX. Yüzyıllları arası oldukça etkili olan  tasavvuf akımlarından biridir.Bektaşilik tarikatı Balkanlar da birinci derecede  önem taşımış ve taşımaktadır.Bektâşîliğin Balkanlara yerleşmesi ise iki yönden  gerçekleşmiştir Bundan dolayı Balkanlarda yaşayan halkın mensup olduğu  mevcut tarîkatların arasında Balkan sâkinlerinin kültürel, sosyal ve siyâsal yaşantısında Bektâşîliğin özel bir konumu vardır. Özellikle Balkanlarda  yaşayan müslümanlar arasında en çok nüfûsa sahip olan Arnavutlar üzerinde  Bektâşîlerin te’sirleri çoktur ve başlı başına bir araştırma konusudur.Bu  anlatılan süreçten sonra ise Bektaşilikte büyük bir düşüş gerçekleşir. .Büyük  bir ilgiden sonraki süreçte Bektaşilik Tarikatı’nın günümüzde etkilerinin  hemen hemen hiç görülmemesi araştırılmaktadır.Biz bu çalışmamızda  Bosna’da Bektaşilik Tarikatının gerileme sebepleri,halkın gözünde Bektaşilik  Tarikatının dünü-bugünü hakkındaki görüşlerini kayıt altında takdim  edeceğiz.Bektaşilik Tarikatı’nın Bosna ayağını bilinmeyen yönleriyle ortaya  koymaya çalışacağız.Bu bilgileri röportaj yöntemiyle pekiştirmeye çalışacağız.</text>
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                    <text>Diversification Strategies of Business Groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors
Muhammet Sait Dinc, Mustafa Kurt

Publication date
20135

Journal
International Conference on Economic and Social Studies (ICESoS’13)

Volume
10

Pages
11

Abstract
A business group has recently become one of the popular topics in the literature. Although some
countries such as South Korea, India, China and Turkey have widely focused, still many
countries along the world has been neglected in the English literature. Bosnia and Herzegovina is
a country which became one part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and
encountered brutal ethnic conflict. It has been in the restructuring process after Dayton
Agreement which ended the conflict. In this period, the role of business groups with
diversification strategies is indisputable. The purpose of this study is to focus on diversification
strategies of business groups in B&amp;H. According to this purpose, business groups in BIH were
investigated in terms of diversification levels and ways, new entered sectors and
internationalization levels.

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                <text>A business group has recently become one of the popular topics in the literature. Although some countries such as South Korea, India, China and Turkey have widely focused, still many countries along the world has been neglected in the English literature. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country which became one part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and encountered brutal ethnic conflict. It has been in the restructuring process after Dayton Agreement which ended the conflict. In this period, the role of business groups with diversification strategies is indisputable. The purpose of this study is to focus on diversification strategies of business groups in B&amp;H. According to this purpose, business groups in BIH were investigated in terms of diversification levels and ways, new entered sectors and internationalization levels.</text>
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                    <text>1st International Annual Student Symposium

Morphology of Bosnian language
Lejla Ćosović
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ABSTRACT
Morphology is science that deals with formation of words, types of words and
their forms. Morpheme is smallest language unit or smallest language unit or
smallest part of word which has a meaning. Morphemes are divided base on
their meaning to lexical and grammatical.
Lexical morphemes are non-linguistic wearers of word’s meaning. They are
divided into those of the root and derivative ones. Morphemes of the root
wear basic lexical meaning. It is invariable. This is actually root of word which
reflects its origin and similarity according to meaning within the family of
words. The remaining lexical morphemes are there to derivate new words from
rooted morpheme, and this is why they are named derivative morphemes.
Facing foreign culture challenge in foreign countries for students
Erkam Sagdic
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the situations of students that face the challenges. In
foreign countries, the biggest problems of students which are faced by students
are language, culture shock, homesickness, expense, and etc. It’s hard to live
instead of studying in colleges for students. For learners being with foreign
culture it’s hard to learn second language or foreign language, on the other
hand if the students do not know that culture or traditional they cannot adopt
easily because in his/her own language do not have loan words they cannot
40 |

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                <text>Morphology is science that deals with formation of words, types of words and  their forms. Morpheme is smallest language unit or smallest language unit or  smallest part of word which has a meaning. Morphemes are divided base on  their meaning to lexical and grammatical.  Lexical morphemes are non-linguistic wearers of word’s meaning. They are  divided into those of the root and derivative ones. Morphemes of the root  wear basic lexical meaning. It is invariable. This is actually root of word which  reflects its origin and similarity according to meaning within the family of  words. The remaining lexical morphemes are there to derivate new words from  rooted morpheme, and this is why they are named derivative morphemes.</text>
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                <text>IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEES  PERFORMANCE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA</text>
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                <text>Companies today are forced to compete and to act professionally in those harsh times, so it is very important to have right employees for better company`s rating. It is crucial that staff needs to have better knowledge, skills and competencies. More and more companies are acknowledging Human Resources (training and development) as their main key for success and bigger focus is on employee – customer relation. Main objective of this study was to find out impact of training and development on employee‘s performance and Bosnia and Herzegovina was taken as an example. This study was back grounded by the two different questionnaires one for the employees and one for the managers or owners of the companies. Results revealed that there is a huge impact on employees performance when it comes to the training programs and employees are fully aware that training programs give them better knowledge, improved skills and ideas for future career paths. Keywords: training, development, human resource management</text>
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                    <text>BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

persuasions. Elinor represents the opinion sense and Maryanne sensibility. The
other, very important themes are the inheritance of money, women’s struggle
for a better life, a better future and survival, irony and sarcasm are widely
spread in this novel. According to all these things, Austen gives so much power
to her characters and she seems very much in tune with today's sensibilities as
well. They are not, in today's parlance, victims. Austen's favourite subjects are
love and marriage, and her steadfast refusal to romanticize romance; with her
acknowledgment that money, class, and what other people think matter in the
real world; that marriage does not result in a happy ending for everyone; and
that it is dangerous to let passion blind us to reality.
The Effect of Pre-school Education to Learn foreign Language in Turkey
Beyza Vahide Çetin
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Keywords: social environment, games, effects of media, materials
ABSTRACT
Learning a foreign language is a vital process during children’s acquisition
process. They are affected physiologically and socially in their cognitive
development. Turkey is a country where learning a second language and
supplementary spending on education are insufficient. This paper indicates
how the teaching and learning of foreign language (i.e. English) at pre-schools
and the effects of the foreign language education on children in Turkey. After
supplying information about learning foreign language during pre-school
education, the paper discusses the importance of pre-school education and
how the effects of teaching show itself in children’s continuing future
education based on Turkey’s education system. Recent studies show that a
child’s best time to learn another language is at the age of three of four. This
paper also explores what are the defects of teaching a second language on
| 37

�1st International Annual Student Symposium

education in Turkey and how those defects may be reduced; and how learning
a foreign language can be activated, having educated during pre-school age,
and used outside of the life.
Importance of languages
Amila Hadžibajrić
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ABSTRACT
The modern world we live in thanks to technological advances came to the
stage of globalization. Every day news are exchanged from all over the world
and people communicate in the largest distances in the simplest ways.
To be able to speak we use the language. Native language that we use is
limited to geographical area in which it is being spoken. English language is
widely spoken all over the world; it is the language that we use when we go on
a trip around the world. When we apply for a job, one of the requirements is
active knowledge of English language. Speaking English is a norm. So, it is not
enough to be an expert in one specific area, it is needed to know the language.
Today, many young people are speaking English. Those who do not speak
English are not "in". English is all around us. When I decided to study English
one person said to me: "Why are studying English you already knowing
English?" What to answer on this superficial question that shows that the
person who asked it considered enough to know how to communicate in
English. Luckily, those of us who are studying English or any other language,
we know why we are doing it.
"A wound from a tongue is worse than a wound from the sword; the latter
affects only the body-the former, the spirit, the soul" is an Old Persian proverb
that indicates how the word can be difficult and painful. However, we believe
38 |

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                <text>CETIN, Beyza Vahide</text>
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                <text>Learning a foreign language is a vital process during children’s acquisition  process. They are affected physiologically and socially in their cognitive  development. Turkey is a country where learning a second language and  supplementary spending on education are insufficient. This paper indicates  how the teaching and learning of foreign language (i.e. English) at pre-schools  and the effects of the foreign language education on children in Turkey. After  supplying information about learning foreign language during pre-school  education, the paper discusses the importance of pre-school education and  how the effects of teaching show itself in children’s continuing future  education based on Turkey’s education system. Recent studies show that a  child’s best time to learn another language is at the age of three of four. This  paper also explores what are the defects of teaching a second language on education in Turkey and how those defects may be reduced; and how learning  a foreign language can be activated, having educated during pre-school age,  and used outside of the life.</text>
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                    <text>1st International Annual Student Symposium

PAYLAŞIM SİTELERİNİN BIREYLERIN YAZMA BECERİLERİNİN
GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Tuğba ÇALIŞ
International Burch University / Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
ÖZET
Bu araştırmanın amacı; sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin bireylerin yazma
becerilerinin gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Güncel olan ve sıklıkla
kullanılan üç paylaşım sitesinde ( Facebook, Twitter, Messenger ) yapılan
yazım hataları belirlenmiştir. Bu yazım hatalarının Türkçemize ve milli
kültürümüz olan Türk kültürüne yansımaları yapılan anketler sonucu ortaya
konulmuştur. Böylelikle elde edilen bulgular sonucunda sosyal paylaşım
sitelerinin yazma becerilerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak bu çalışmada
belirtilmiştir.

50 |

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                <text>CALIS, Tugba</text>
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                <text>Bu araştırmanın amacı; sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin bireylerin yazma  becerilerinin gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Güncel olan ve sıklıkla  kullanılan üç paylaşım sitesinde ( Facebook, Twitter, Messenger ) yapılan  yazım hataları belirlenmiştir. Bu yazım hatalarının Türkçemize ve milli  kültürümüz olan Türk kültürüne yansımaları yapılan anketler sonucu ortaya  konulmuştur. Böylelikle elde edilen bulgular sonucunda sosyal paylaşım  sitelerinin yazma becerilerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak bu çalışmada  belirtilmiştir.</text>
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                <text>Bosnian language has long been, and continues to be, a sensitive question to discuss about. This paper will  present the language history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, introduce some linguistic features such as high and low variety of Bosnian language, codification, pragmatics, prestige etc. Issues that affected and are affected by the standardization of Bosnian as individual language. I will also discuss about how much politics affected language in Bosnia and Herzegovina. How much war in Bosnia affected the progress of language? All of these issues will be presented throughout this paper. Serbo-Croatian, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. Because it has four standard variants, it is a pluricentric language. The language was standardized in the mid 19th century, decades before a Yugoslav state was established.  From the very beginning, it has had pluricentric standardization. Croats and Serbs differ in religion and have historically lived under different empires, and have adopted slightly different literary forms as their respective standard variants. Since independence, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All four standard variants are based on the same dialect (Štokavian). In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian had served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (as "Yugoslavian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The dissolution of Yugoslavia affected language attitudes, so that social conceptions of the language separated on ethnic and political lines. Bosnian is a standardized register of the Serbo-Croatian language, a South Slavic language, spoken by Bosnians. As a standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect, it is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The    same subdialect of Shtokavian is also the basis of standard Croatian and Serbian, as well as Montenegrin, so all are mutually intelligible. Until the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia, they were treated as a unitary Serbo-Croatian language, and that term is still used in English to subsume the common base (vocabulary, grammar and syntax) of what are today officially four national standards, although the term is no longer used by native speakers.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16975">
                <text>2013</text>
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            <name>Keywords</name>
            <description>Keywords.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16976">
                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
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        <name>PE English</name>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="2073" public="1" featured="0">
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          <element elementId="79">
            <name>Extent</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16965">
                <text>3584</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16966">
                <text>Templates: Same Structure, Different Disciplines</text>
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          <element elementId="96">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description>Author</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16967">
                <text>Broekhoff, Marna</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Abstract</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16968">
                <text>Few would challenge the statement that the hallmark of success for any university student or professional person is mastery of academic writing. Yet most student writers, particularly those with linguistic, cultural, and academic diversity, have great difficulties entering any intellectual debate because they cannot generate or even understand the rhetorical patterns of academic prose.These difficulties often remain if they enter the professions and must write for publication. Templates (stock words and phrases) provide accessible ways for academic writers to generate research papers because despite discipline-specific variations, most academic writing is rigidly structured, especially in the sciences.Templates help writers create sentences from a “bottom-up,” or inductive perspective; and at the same time to grasp the “moves,” or basic sections of a research paper, from a “top-down,” or deductive perspective.  Although they pivot on the “They say/I say” paradigm, templates also help generate summarizing, paraphrasing, quoting, and other functions of academic discourse. Grounded in classical topoi, templates harmonize with current classroom and writing center perspectives of writing as collaboration, rather than inspiration or regurgitation.They receive strong support from Writing Across the Curriculum and English for Special Purposes.  As a corollary to facilitating writing, templates can enhance skills in reading academic prose and in all-important critical thinking. They can also be applied to the currently popular corpus linguistics.Participants in this handson session will identify and analyze the function of templates in an excerpt from a treatise about language policy, and then find types of templates in their own or another piece of academic writing which they are encouraged to bring   to the session. Lastly, they will see a demonstration of concordance software used to analyze templates on both the phrasal level and the “moves” level, using two excerpts from juried journals in applied linguistics and biology.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16969">
                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
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        <name>PE English</name>
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          <element elementId="79">
            <name>Extent</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16959">
                <text>3589</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16960">
                <text>Discourse Literacy and the Effects of Speech Acts in Foreign Language Courses</text>
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          <element elementId="96">
            <name>Author</name>
            <description>Author</description>
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                <text>Benk, Sema
Akbarov, Azamat</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Pragmatics is one of the major fields of applied linguistics studying the language in relation to the context in which it is used. Foreign language taught by non-native language teachers is mostly consolidated by the coursebooks that are used as course materials. Acknowledging the language skills and 'discourse literacy' are enhanced even more with pragmatic competence, this paper specifically concentrates on how speech acts, an important component of pragmaics, are taught at International Burch University. In this respect, the currently used coursebooks are analyzed to identify how much speech acts are taught and how this adds up to the overall foreign language competence. After the survey conducted with the students and interviews with the course teachers, teaching implications of the study are stated.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16963">
                <text>2013</text>
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          <element elementId="97">
            <name>Keywords</name>
            <description>Keywords.</description>
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                <text>Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed</text>
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        <name>PE English</name>
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