134 10 3494 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/047ea45c3e63fbcb025db05256745e53.docx 30fe5269607c4b2e441db9a4025a9601 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/39ac8720a4db8c3289a868c61c97efa6.pdf 52ad436d172740aa21aeb89ff42d041f PDF Text Text Historical Process of the Human Development Performance of Turkey OrhanKandemir Kastamonu University Turkey okandemir@kastamonu.edu.tr Abstract: Human development indices of the world’s countries are published through the UNDP. We observe that Turkey's human development index has risen during the history like other countries of the world when these indices are examined. However, the most realistic way to determine whether such rise is sufficient or not is to compare foregoing with that of the other countries. In this study, we shall evaluate primarily human development indices of Turkey and the main determinants of human development (income, education, health) performance between the years of 1980 and 2012 comparing same with the averages of the world and OECD countries. Subsequently, comparisons will be made within the framework of the "inequality-adjusted human development index" data indicating whether or not the human development has a fair distribution among different segments of the society. This is because development of policies that will ensure the evenly distribution of this development in the society is also as important as the rapid rise in human development in a country. Keywords: Human development, inequality-adjusted human development index, human development performance. 83 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2518 Title A name given to the resource Historical Process of the Human Development Performance of Turkey Author Author KANDEMIR, Orhan Abstract A summary of the resource. Human development indices of the world’s countries are published through the UNDP. We observe that Turkey's human development index has risen during the history like other countries of the world when these indices are examined. However, the most realistic way to determine whether such rise is sufficient or not is to compare foregoing with that of the other countries. In this study, we shall evaluate primarily human development indices of Turkey and the main determinants of human development (income, education, health) performance between the years of 1980 and 2012 comparing same with the averages of the world and OECD countries. Subsequently, comparisons will be made within the framework of the "inequality-adjusted human development index" data indicating whether or not the human development has a fair distribution among different segments of the society. This is because development of policies that will ensure the evenly distribution of this development in the society is also as important as the rapid rise in human development in a country. Keywords: Human development, inequality-adjusted human development index, human development performance. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04-24 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/a40481d7d78681e66314e0e74cf7368f.pdf 7036b68ebe9a38278d1d4faa79b1125a PDF Text Text �������� https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/c7ea2e1bc4a330b0bf27d4076563a1e6.docx 04a4b10952a1b7cb4049fc19ee2c2afc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3111 Title A name given to the resource Historijskopravni aspekti antikorupcionog zakonodavstva- primjer atinskog i rimskog prava Author Author DRINO, Dževad LONDRC, Benjamina Abstract A summary of the resource. U sagledavanju historijskopravnog aspekta antikorupcionog zakonodavstva zadržat ćemo se na najistaknutijem eksperimentu u historiji države i prava- atinskoj demokraciji, koja je prva država antike koja je svojim uređenim zakonodavstvom reagovala na grozničavu borbu za novac- hremastike, i na pojavu novih bogataša- neoplutoi. Još od 487. godine stare ere izbor državnih funkcionera se vrši ždrijebom dok se rigorozna dokimastija, ispitivanje karaktera kandidata završava zakletvom budućeg arhonta da će, ako prihvati poklon ili mito bogovima posvetiti zlatni kip u prirodnoj veličini. Najveći pravni sistem antike, rimsko pravo, je prvo društvo koje djelo korupcije uređuje krivičnopravnim normama donoseći veliki broj antikorupcionih zakona, računa se da je samo u periodu Republike donešeno oko 800 različitih zakona od kojih se petnaestak izrekom utvrđuju kao actiones populares- popularne tužbe, dostupne svakome građaninu kao kontrolni funkcija kojom se nadzire rad državnih organa. Tako su već u antici utvrđeni elementi koje određuju sam pojam korupcije- novac odnosno njegova cirkulacija koja predstavlja krvotok ili živac koji je pokreće- nervus rerum garendarum, te njegova sprega sa elemetima javne vlasti. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Bihaću i Centar za društvena istraživanja Internacionalnog Burč univerziteta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed K Law (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/8f33ba3e7d44e8a4b81541baa7b41a53.pdf ecc87f8ab81dfa0e062d0e17959e61d7 PDF Text Text History of Physical Education in Turkey and Development of Physical Education and Sports Fatih KIYICI Higher Education Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Ankara, Turkey fatihkiyici@gmail.com M. Yavuz KONCA Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey ykonca@hotmail.com Abstract :The purpose of this study is to evaluate the attempts made to improve the progress of the physical education and sports in the history of Turkish sports- from the period of Ottoman Empire (especially between 1839-1876) to the present- and plans made for the future. Ottoman Empire made important progress the effects of which are still evident in such fields as education and sports. The appreciation for European Systems had influences on education and sports as well as any other field. The concept of sports in Turkey acquired clear position within the social life and education in this period and improved immensely. During the early years of the Republic of Turkey, “physical education” was made a requisite course in all educational institutions, which was the first decision taken in this sense in the world. In time, many strategies have been developed and sport councils have been established. Key Words: Ottoman, Physical Education, Sport, Turk 1. Introduction During the early foundation period of the Ottoman Empire, wrestling and archery were the sports performed certain rules being applied as well as mountain climbing, fencing and hunting, (Tayga, 1990, Iscan, 1988). Orhan Bey, the second Ottoman Sultan, considered sport activities to be very important, and placed it among the state affairs. That encouraged the Sultans reigning after him to consider sports as important as he did, at least. This made sport activities take place in the educational institutions of the time known as “Medrese”, and “Enderun (Royal Palace Schools)”. In addition, Kırkpınar Wrestling Contest, which is one of the oldest sport organizations in the world, first appeared in the period of Ottoman Empire (According to Gumus, in 1349, and more commonly known, in 1361). The physical education and sports in the Ottoman Empire were practiced and organized as war games or for military training purposes. Therefore, these activities were not given theoretically but as physical exercise and practice in educational institutions. These institutions are: (Gumus, 1990) a) Tekkes (the dervish lodges): These were the centers of Turkish-Islam Sufism, which can also be called as public schools or schools of informal education, which educated and trained ordinary people in such fields as linguistics, religion, arts, philosophy, and sports (Bilge, 1988). In Ottoman Empire, some of the tekkes were structured as sport centers. Although wrestling was the inherited national sports for the Ottoman, other sports such as the archery, jereed, horse riding and iron mace using were also practiced in those tekkes. Tekkes are said to be the first Ottoman centers from which the sport associations of our time were originated. However, the feature that differs them from today’s sport associations is that they offered more opportunities and better social insurance to the athletes that they supported (Soyer, 2004). In the declining period of the Empire, “Sport Tekkes” which began losing their functions, and not serving in accordance with their purposes, existed until the beginning of the 20th century, as one, but the most important, of the three institutions that gave way the sport activities to be achieved (Fisek, 1983). b) Waqifs (The Foundations & Charity Organizations): The second kind of organization in the field of sports is “waqifs”. The waqifs associated with tekkes were structured as the institutions in the Ottoman Foundation system. Using their own means and reserves without demanding help from any institution, these waqifs served to help the needy, especially those people involved in sport activities and affairs. After the invasion of Bursa, a waqif was established by Orhan Bey’s wife, Nilufer Hatun, in Pınarbası, located in the southern part of the city, where wrestlers performed their wrestling skills in wrestling 275 �championships and thus public were entertained. At a later period of time, the waqifs associated with tekkes came to be known as “Tekkes of Wrestlers”. Such Tekkes as “Ahmet Effendi Remote Tekke” and several others, in Sıraseviler District in Istanbul stand as very good examples (Bilge, 1988). The athletes in waqifs were supported and helped by the sultans, viziers, pashas, masters, big landowners and the wealty people of the time. c) Aga System (The Lordship System): The third type of institution present in Ottoman Empire was the Aga System which stood identical with utmost generosity and hosting the Kirkpinar Wrestling Championsip which was a kind of Lordship System. This institution has existed for 650 years but, strange to say, it is still considered to be a temporary system. However, it is considered that the main goal of this system has been to support sport activities. This institution is known to have been established early in the fourteenth century. (Fisek, 1983). “Aga” is the authorized person who is responsible for inviting the wrestlers and viewers, greeting the guests, giving the feast, accommodating athletes and those accompanying them, giving the rewards, and provided all security for the wrestling championship to take place (Gumus, 1990). 2. Transition from the concept of Traditional Sport Institutions to Modern Sport Associations Associations replaced the traditional institutions which formed the sport organizations nearly in the close of the 19th century. During the period between 1839 and 1876, adaption of European System had its impact felt in the field of sports as in other grounds of life. Traditional institutions were put aside and the transition to the universal kind of organizing was accelerated. From the early beginnings of the 19th century, the modern sports began to improve and be played. In our country, Turkey, modern sports appeared in the begining of 1870s, later than the Western countries. (Atabeyoğlu) The first occasion of modern sport activities in our country was achieved by educational institutions. In the time between 1839 and 1876, in addition to the socio-economic situation and activities of missionaries, the sports became international rather than national, and European system was admired. Thus, all of these are among the factors that accelerate the process of transiting from traditional type of organizations to clubs. The first trainers of gymnastics such as Curel, Monsieur, Stangali, were brought from abroad. The gymnasiums in schools were decorated by them. The brothers, Nicola and Elibardi, educated in those private gymnasiums opened in 1904, participated in 1906 Athens Olympic Games, in the branch of gymnastics. Jorj (Yorgo) received the championship in the field of climbing up 10 m. long rope (Keten 1974) by a difference of seconds ( Kahraman 1995). In our country, the transition from traditional sport system to the system of associations took place in the period between 1839- 1876, the second half of the 19th century (Sumer, 1997). During the Tanzimat Period when the Constitutional Monarchy was first declared, football began to spread fast and became institutionalized in our country like it did all around the world. In the time of Ottoman Empire, the first act of establishing associations was achieved by foreigners. The association named “Imagene” was founded in Moda, and Kadıköy Districts in Istanbul, and,the associations named “Football” and “Rugby” were established in Izmir by Englishmen., again the association named “Elpis” was established by the Greek (Fisek, 1983). In addition, in 1867, the association named “Imperid Yatching and Boating” was established ( Kahraman, 1995). These associations are known as “The First Established Sport Associations or Clubs”. However, “The First Established Turkish Association” is Black Stocking, in 1899, according to Fisek; or is Besiktas, in 1903, according to Bilge (Fisek, 1983, Bilge, 1988). During the Ottoman Era, football was monopolized by foreigners until 1908, the year when The First Declaration of Constitutional Monarchy was announced. In this period, Turkish nationals were forbidden by the government to gather and establish associations and clubs, whereas foreigners experienced no difficulty in becoming associated. During the period between 1839- 1876, physical education and sports were considered to be subjects related to life and began to be included in the subjects taught in schools. In 1863, the tools and facilities needed were provided by military schools, and ‘ physical education and sports’ began to be involved in the subjects to be taught in the Military Academies and Military Senior High Schools ( Bilge, 1988, Fisek, 1983). The Alliance of Gymnastics of Turkey is the first national organization with many sport organizations and clubs, which left its mark on the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The Alliance of Gymnastics of Turkey, the main purpose of which was putting an end to the confusion in the leagues of Istanbul, was founded on 27th of January 1921 by 14 different sport clubs, became official in 8th of June 1922. The Alliance is important because it gathered the different sport clubs together, and unite these clubs which were run according to different write regulations (Hicyılmaz). 276 �3. The Present Status of the Sports Policy in Turkey Turkey, recording immense improvements in the field of sports in 2000s, unfortunately, came to the edge of the period of regression. Unfortunately, originating from the question of how and from where to provide financial resources, the attempts already started to improve infrastructure and all other services were replaced by cancellation of national and international contests, and many training and sport camp programs. B ut, in the last 5-year period, a great improvement has been made in the amount of the budget provided by the sport federations. Also, candidatures for big organizations were in hand, and those were achieved successfully. The most conspicuous ones are Europe Championship Leaguge, Summer Universiade, and Europe and World Basketball Championship. Turkey, which has a good place in summer games, also, was assigned to organize the 2011 Universiade Winter Games. However, new facilities for many kinds of winter games have already began to be constructed. Such work has provided opportunities to train new professional athletes for many new branches of sports such as ski- jumping, curling, short track, and ice- hockey. These investments will have immense impact in the short run, but their best contributions will certainly be benefited in the long run. In Turkey, with the youngest population of Europe, the more we get children and teenagers to engage in sport activities, the healthier generations we can have. ‘Sports’ is ‘over’ politics, and its solemn principle is to serve the public. The percentage of the youngbetween 12 years and 24 years old- in the total population of the country is about 30%, in our country while all developed countries strive to increase the percentage of the young people in their population, which is becoming lower day by day. The main objective of our country is to determine to get its potential population ready for the years to come, and to provide them with opportunities of putting these years into good use. (DPT. 2000) 3.1. Autonomous Fedarations Sport fedarations must have their own autonomous constitutions, which are made up of the representatives of clubs and the sportsmen upon whom nobody will have any influence. In the developed western countries governed by democracy, the governments organize the sport activities, and, in the time of need, they conduct support, control, and , even, provide facilities and inspect the sport organizations ( DPT, 2000) 3.2. Sponsorships All the developed countries and business companies that realize the great power of the sports, are at pains to propagandize for themselves and promote their products through sport organizations and championships, thus, to increase the amount of their trade, both in domestic and foreign markets. Because the sport has such a big power, it is considered to be beneficial to market the national and international sport contests in order to benefit from the business companies in the fields of industry, agriculture and trade. In this way, except the budget provided by the government for sport activities, the contributions of the private sector to such kind of activities will also be available and more achievements will be possible to record. In order to encourage the people to sponsor the sport activities, some arrangements are needed to provide the exemption or discount from the taxes, for the donations to the sport funds and for the owners of these donations (www.sportoto.gov.tr) In the eighth 5-Year -Development Plan of the State of Planning Organization, (in 2000), it has been noted that Turkey has not been able to reach the expected level in regards to the sport activities yet; Neither in building facilities, nor providing the enough involvement of the public is there a positive indicator. Although some individual achievements were recorded, it was also reported that the sport hasn’t become a matter of common philosophy in our society yet. 4. Conclusion and Suggestions Making people physically stronger and psychologically healthier and making sports common in society depends on establishing social relations among people. Each sector in the society has its own responsibilities for spreading the consciousness of sports, and the government must arrange the pre-services, services and laws, which have very close relation with sports accordingly. To make it possible for every member of the society to have opportunities of participating in sports is the ideal objective. To achieve this goal, the roles of the improvements needed to be made in each individual’s social and academic status, educational institutions and the devices of mass media cannot be denied. In society, with the guidance of the best skilled leaders of each and every field, some sport activities such as jogging, 277 �including the groups of the disabled and the scouts, will have unbelievably significant impact on achieving the goals first related to health and then to performance sports. The present status of sports in Turkey is somewhat worrying. Although the society is densely youngpopulated, the engagement of young people in sport activities is far from being satisfying. Some kind of a tendency to passively participate can only be seen in football and basketball. After investigating the degree of suitability of the new sports to the provisions, construction of facilities should take place. The present high schools are good in theoretical education, but there are problems in practice, and we should eliminate all these problems. In the light of the notion that professional athletes should be trained from the early years of their childhood , it should be considered to select some primary schools as pilot ones in each city and encourage them to apply pre-service programs in order to have a basis for the future high schools with sport education. The present management system should also be rearranged, and it should have a democratic and autonomous structure. However, studies of efficiency and performance should be made in addition to the radical arrangements in regard to the pre-service programs. Fedarations should be free both financially and managerially. A certain national policy, a self-governing sport organization and the objectives and plans formed accordingly should be provided. However, the financial sources gathered should be spent in a functional, productive and rational manner in order to achieve the objectives and programs. In the light of the present situation around the world, the opinions and suggestions about “Developing Strategies for Training Professional Athletes” should be discussed by the experts of the field, and the best environment should be created with the support of sponsors. References Atabeyoğlu, C. Spor Tanzimattan Önce Cumhuriyete Türkiye Ansiklopedisi, İletişim yayınları, 1474-1479. Bilge, N. (1988). Türkiye’de Beden Eğitimi Öğretmeninin Yetiştirilmesi. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları No:1095, 1736. DPT. Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Beden Eğitimi, Spor ve İstanbul Olimpiyatları Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, DPT Yayını No: 2513, Ankara, 2000. Fişek, K. (1983). Spor Yönetimi. Ankara: A. Ü. SBF Yayınları No:515, 256-268. Gümüş, A. (1990). Kırkpınar Güreşleri. Ankara: GSGM Yayını No:90, 3,40. Hiçyılmaz E, Türkiye’de Spor, b.y.y. b.t.y., Yeni Yüzyıl Kitaplığı Türkiye’nin Sorunları Dizisi No:l 1, s.31 - 32 Kahraman, A. (1995). Osmanlı Devletin’de Spor. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları No:1697, 638, 640, 641. Sümer, R. (1997). Türkiye’de Spor Kulüplerinin Yapıları Yönetimdeki Yerleri ve Sorunları Boş Zamanları Değerlendirme Alanları ve Toplumsal Çevreleri İle İlişkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor ABD, 68, Ankara. Tayga, Y. (1990). Türk Spor Tarihine Genel Bakış, 8, Ankara. Soyer F. (2004). Osmanlı Devletinde(1839-1908 Tanzimat Dönemi) Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Alanındaki Kurumsal Yapılanmalar ve Okul Programlarındaki Yeri Konusunda Bir İnceleme. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 24; 1: 209-225 www.sportoto.gov.tr (2002). 278 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 352 Title A name given to the resource History of Physical Education in Turkey and Development of Physical Education and Sports Author Author KIYICI, Fatih KONCA, M. Yavuz Abstract A summary of the resource. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the attempts made to improve the progress of the physical education and sports in the history of Turkish sports- from the period of Ottoman Empire (especially between 1839-1876) to the present- and plans made for the future. Ottoman Empire made important progress the effects of which are still evident in such fields as education and sports. The appreciation for European Systems had influences on education and sports as well as any other field. The concept of sports in Turkey acquired clear position within the social life and education in this period and improved immensely. During the early years of the Republic of Turkey, “physical education” was made a requisite course in all educational institutions, which was the first decision taken in this sense in the world. In time, many strategies have been developed and sport councils have been established Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-06 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed L Education (General) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3350 Title A name given to the resource HODONIMI BRČKOG Author Author Muratović, Admir Abstract A summary of the resource. Veći broj hodonima (< gl. hodati) urbanog dijela Brčkog vezan je za antroponime i patronime, a takvi nisu bili predmet analize u uvom radu. U radu smo analizirali nazive samo onih ulica, šetališta, trgova i sl. čija etimologija nije lahko dokučiva. Tako da smo u uvome radu obradili dvadeset i četiri brčanska hodonima. Brčanski hodonimi najčešće su domaćeg porijekla: Bare, Kožara. Međutim, neki od njih su i stranog porijekla: Meraje, Islahijet, Musala, Dizdaruša, Šedrvan (tur.), Bulevar (fran.), Ficibajer (germ.), Srpka Varoš (mađ.), Prnjavor (grč.). Kao i u većini krajeva naše zemlje, tako i u Brčkom hodonimi često dobijaju ime po hidronimima i fitonimima: Grčica, ali među njima ima i onih koji su dobili ime po zemljištu na kojem su nastali: Ekonomija i Stari Rasadnik, prema objektu: Šedrvan, prema geomorfološkom izgledu tla: Bare, Blatuša, Brod i Konačko Brdo, po historijski važnim događajima, sporazumima i sl.: Krfska i i 4. Juli. Jedan hodonim obilježen je nacionalnim obilježjem: Srpska Varoš. U jednom hodonimu upotrijebljena je odrednica stari: Stari Rasadnik, dok nisu registrirane odrednice poput gornji, donji, srednji i sl. Neka brčanska naselja doživjela su proces denominacije: Atik, Džedid itd. Nije mali broj urbanih brčanskih naselja koja su nastala doseljeavanjem; dobrovoljnim, tragajući za boljim i lakšim uslovima življenja: Brod, Stari Rasadnik, ali i prisilnim, bježeći od političkih, nacionalnih i drugih neprijatelja: Omerbegovača. Ključne riječi: Brčko, naselja, hodonimi, antroponimi, patronimi, hidronimi, fitonimi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed PE English https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/32f419913bbd2bbecfce6f41bd56e60a.docx b2b215af21cb495c1d93ebb16dd0a799 https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/0183698b712bb8a67ef8a64b6a59bfc7.pdf 4abcac8ad3e19192dc381f5d8b0b3ece PDF Text Text Holland's Theory of Careers and Vocational Choice Orhan Adigüzel Süleyman Demirel University Turkey orhanadiguzel@gmail.com Hikmet Zeynep Batur Süleyman Demirel University Turkey hzeynepbatur@gmail.com Döndü Sönmez Özkan Süleyman Demirel University Turkey sumeyyeozkan81@gmail.com Adeviye Erdoğan Süleyman Demirel University Turkey adeviyester@gmail.com Nisa Ekşili Akdeniz University Turkey Abstract: The career development of individuals is a long and complex process. In this process, an individual may be affected by many factors. An individual's social environment, psychophysical dynamics, and factors such as the economic and cultural structure of the environment may shape (direct) the career choices and professions of the people. For this reason, the basis on which we decide and build our career path and profession, which may affect our entire life, is significant. Many theorists in this field have attempted to bring quite complex solutions to the question that on which basis and according to what criterion do we decide our career path. Among the most efficient theories comes John Holland's Theory of Career Choice. The present study aims to examine Holland's Theory of Career Choice in all aspects and determine its impact on career choice. In this respect, the personality types and individualenvironment interaction have been analyzed. The code map of the data related to the personality types and characteristics present in Holland's Occupational Personality Types has been created using MAXQDA 11. The significance of the study lays in that it puts forwards other studies, results and findings from these studies and it also contributes to the employees and researchers. Keywords: Career, Career Selection, Holland's Theory of Careers and Vocational Choice, Personality Types. 157 �157 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2618 Title A name given to the resource Holland's Theory of Careers and Vocational Choice Author Author ADIGUZEL, Orhan BATUR, Kimet Zejnep OZKAN, Dondu Sonmez ERDOGAN, Adeviye Eksili, Nisa Abstract A summary of the resource. The career development of individuals is a long and complex process. In this process, an individual may be affected by many factors. An individual's social environment, psycho-physical dynamics, and factors such as the economic and cultural structure of the environment may shape (direct) the career choices and professions of the people. For this reason, the basis on which we decide and build our career path and profession, which may affect our entire life, is significant. Many theorists in this field have attempted to bring quite complex solutions to the question that on which basis and according to what criterion do we decide our career path. Among the most efficient theories comes John Holland's Theory of Career Choice. The present study aims to examine Holland's Theory of Career Choice in all aspects and determine its impact on career choice. In this respect, the personality types and individual-environment interaction have been analyzed. The code map of the data related to the personality types and characteristics present in Holland's Occupational Personality Types has been created using MAXQDA 11. The significance of the study lays in that it puts forwards other studies, results and findings from these studies and it also contributes to the employees and researchers. Keywords: Career, Career Selection, Holland's Theory of Careers and Vocational Choice, Personality Types.   Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-04 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 H Social Sciences (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/2c1d2dfed5b06b53daec24813880b780.pdf 9e6e2cf757c2c682520734981c7b0c61 PDF Text Text Hot-Weather Concreting Hakan Basaran Golmarmara Vocational High School, Celal Bayar University, Turkey haba1969@mynet.com Oktay Demirdag Civil Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, Turkey oktaydemirdag@pau.edu.tr Absract: In practice, concrete is mixed at a wide range of temperatures and also remains in service at different temperatures. There are some special problems involved in concreting in hot weather, arising both from a higher temperature of the concrete and, in many cases, from an increased rate of evaporation from the fresh mix. These problems concern the mixing, placing and curing of the concrete. Hot-weather concreting is not so much an unusual or a specialized process; rather, it requires taking certain recognized measures to minimize or control the effect of high ambient temperature, high temperature of the concrete, low relative humidity, high wind velocity, and high solar radiation. What is required on each construction project where any one or more of the above conditions exist is to develop appropriate techniques and procedures and to follow them rigorously. Introduction Laboratory testing of concrete is usually performed at a controlled temperature, normally constant. In practice, however, concrete is mixed at a wide range of temperatures and also remains in service at different temperatures. Indeed, the actual range of temperatures has widened considerably with much modern construction taking place in countries which have a hot climate. There are some special problems involved in concreting in hot weather, arising both from a higher temperature of the concrete and, in many cases, from an increased rate of evaporation from the fresh mix. These problems concern the mixing, placing and curing of the concrete. Hot-weather concreting is not so much an unusual or a specialized process; rather, it requires taking certain recognized measures to minimize or control the effect of high ambient temperature, high temperature of the concrete, low relative humidity, high wind velocity, and high solar radiation. What is required on each construction project where any one or more of the above conditions exist is to develop appropriate techniques and procedures and to follow them rigorously (Neville, 1997). Effects of Hot Weather Conditions Because high temperatures increase the speed of hydration of cement and setting of concrete, a good planning is needed for placing the concrete at high temperatures. The most unsuitable conditions for pouring of concrete are hot, sunny, windy and dry (having low relative humidity) weather. The increase in temperature of weather increases the rate of evaporation, e.g. an increase of 10 oC in temperature increases the evaporation about 2 times. If the concrete has a higher temperature than the weather the evaporation becomes more rapidly. When the humidity in the air decreases the evaporation becomes easy and fast. As the relative humidity decreases from 90 % to 5 %, it is seen that evaporation increases about 5 times. In the sunny days, when the wind velocity increases from 0 to 20 km/h the evaporation increases about 4 times (Baradan, 1998). 345 �A high ambient temperature causes a higher water demand of the concrete and increases the temperature of the fresh concrete. This results in an increased rate of loss of slump and in a more rapid hydration, which leads to accelerated setting and to a lower long-term strength of concrete. Furthermore, rapid evaporation may cause plastic shrinkage cracking and crazing, and subsequent cooling of the hardened concrete can introduce tensile stresses. It is generally believed that plastic shrinkage cracking is likely to occur when the rate of evaporation exceeds the rate at which the bleeding water rises to the surface, but it has been observed that cracks also form under a layer of water and merely become apparent on drying. Plastic shrinkage cracks can be very deep, ranging in width between 0,1 and 3 mm, and can be short as long as 1 m. (Neville, 1997). Influence of Early Temperature on Strength of Concrete A rise in the curing temperature speeds up the chemical reactions of hydration and thus affects beneficially the early strength of concrete without any ill-effects on the later strength. Higher temperature during and following the initial contact between cement and water reduces the length of the dormant period so that the overall structure of the hydrated cement paste becomes established very early. Although a higher temperature during placing and setting increases the very early strength, it may adversely affect the strength from about 7 days onwards. The explanation is that a rapid initial hydration appears to form products of a poor physical structure, probably more porous, so that a proportion of the pores will always remain unfilled. It follows from the gel/space ratio rule, that this will lead to a lower strength compared with a less porous, though slowly hydrating, cement paste in which a high gel/space ratio will eventually be reached. The rapid initial rate of hydration at higher temperatures retards the subsequent hydration and produces a nonuniform distribution of the products of hydration within the paste. The reason for this is that, at the high initial rate of hydration, there is insufficient time available for the diffusion of the products of hydration away from the cement particle and for a uniform precipitation in the interstitial space. In connection with the influence of temperature during the early life of concrete on the overall structure of the hydrated cement paste, it is useful to recall that a low early gain of strength has a beneficial effect on strength also when the hydration is slowed down by the use of retarders. Water-reducing and set-retarding admixtures were found to be beneficial in compensating for the reduction in the long-term strength of admixture-free concrete placed at a high temperature. However their effect arises from water reduction and therefore a lower water/cement ratio. Moreover, the rate of loss of slump is higher when these admixtures are used (Neville, 1997). Evaporation from Fresh Concrete The combined effects of air temperature, humidity, concrete temperature and wind velocity as they influence rate of evaporation of water from freshly placed and unprotected concrete is presented in Figure 1. This information is based on data taken from a free water surface. As an example, with air temperature at 26°C, a relative humidity at 50%, a concrete temperature of 30°C and a wind velocity of 20 km/hr, the rate of evaporation would be 1.2 kg/m2 hr. Importantly, plastic shrinkage cracking more commonly occurs when the rate of evaporation exceeds 0.5 kg/m2 hr. When the evaporation rate exceeds 1.0 kg/m2hr, precautionary measures to prevent plastic shrinkage are mandatory. The hydration is greatly reduced when the relative humidity within the capillary pores drops below 80 per cent. Hydration at a maximum rate can proceed only under conditions of saturation. For hydration to continue, the relative humidity inside the concrete has to be maintained at a minimum of 80 per cent. If the relative humidity of the ambient air is at least that high, there will be little movement of water between the concrete and the ambient air, and no active curing is needed to ensure continuing hydration. The preceding statement is valid only if no other factors intervene, e.g. there is no wind, there is no difference in temperature between the concrete and the air, and if the concrete is not exposed to solar radiation. In practice, therefore, active curing is unnecessary only in a very humid climate with a steady temperature. 346 �Figure 1: Influence of air temperature, relative humadity, concrete temperature and wind velocity on rate of evaporation Prevention of the loss of water from the concrete is of importance not only because the loss adversely affects the development of strength, but also because it leads to plastic shrinkage, increased permeability, and reduced resistance to abrasion. For hydration of cement to continue, it is sufficient to prevent the loss of moisture from the concrete. This is true only if the water/cement ratio of the concrete is sufficiently high for the quantity of the mix water to be adequate for hydration to continue. The minimum periods of curing for external exposure are given in Table 1. Rate of gain of strength of concrete Temperature of concrete, oC Ambient conditions during curing [rh = relative humidity in per cent] 2) R 3) apid M 4) edium S low 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 No sun, rh≥80 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 Medium sun or medium wind or rh≥50 4 3 2 6 4 3 8 5 4 Strong sun or high wind or rh<50 4 3 2 8 6 5 10 8 5 Table 1: Minimum curing times (in days) due to rate of gain of strength of concrete, temperature of concrete and ambient conditions during curing (Neville, 1997). 347 �Curing Concrete Systems In order to obtain good concrete, the placing of an appropriate mix must be followed by curing in a suitable environment during the early stages of hardening. Curing is the name given to procedures used for promoting the hydration of cement, and consists of a control of temperature and of the moisture movement from and into the concrete (Neville, 1997). Curing is the protection of fresh concrete from evaporation and temperature extremes which might adversely affect cement hydration. To provide these conditions on site, the concrete must be protected from the harmful influences of wind, sun, low humidity and variable weather whilst hardening. A temperature of about 23°C is considered ideal for hydration to achieve strength and durability characteristics, however, it is known that such conditions will rarely be consistently achieved on site. Curing techniques for concrete fall into two groups:- those designed to prevent loss of water (such as the application of impermeable membranes), and those that supply moisture throughout the early stages of the hydration process (such as pounding or the application of wet sand ).(3) The influence of curing on concrete compressive strength development is demonstrated in Figure 2. Lack of curing can significantly reduce concrete strengths when compared with designed values.(3) Figure 2: Influence of curing on concrete compressive strength development Curing Concrete at High Ambient Temperatures The dangers of placing and curing concrete at temperatures in excess of 30°C are to be noted as such conditions lead to high evaporation rates. The maximum temperature for field hardening allowed under AS1012 Part 18 for concrete specimens taken in the Standard Temperature Zone is 33°C. In the Standard Tropical Zone, the maximum allowable temperature is 35°C. (3) Water Retaining Materials Chemical or liquid membranes are commonly used for curing on site largely because of convenience (Figure 3). They can be applied by hand or power sprays. Membrane compounds form a vapor seal on the surface of the concrete when dry. Water in concrete is therefore sealed in and good curing conditions can be established. Figure 3: Using chemical or liquid membranes 348 �Mechanical Barriers The use of waterproof building papers or plastic film (polyethylene sheeting) will prevent the evaporation of moisture from concrete (Figure 4). Pigmented polyethylene sheeting provides a good curing medium as it is impervious to moisture, light in weight, and can be re-used. Plastic sheeting also has the advantage of flexibility. It is easy to drape over complex shapes, and the progress of curing and condition of the concrete can be checked easily at any time. Any material used as a mechanical barrier to evaporation should cover the concrete as soon as the placing of it does not cause surface damage. Figure 4: Using mechanical barriers Water Addition Curing Theoretically, flooding, pounding or mist spraying (Figure 5) is better than the retention methods for achieving curing described above. However, such methods are not always practical under field conditions. On roads, pavements or floors, the method of flooding or pounding is simple. A small dam of earth or other water retaining material can be placed around the perimeter of the surface and the enclosed area is kept flooded with water. Care should be exercised to prevent large temperature differentials between the concrete mass and curing environment so as to avoid potential cracking due to temperature gradients within the concrete. This can result in thermal shock cracking.(3) Figure 5: Using water addition curing Absorptive Covers An absorptive medium such as sand, or canvas will hold water on the concrete surface during curing (Figure 6). Any such media must be kept damp constantly during the curing period, for if drying is permitted, the media itself will absorb moisture from the concrete. Alternate drying out and wetting of the cover may also cause cracking. The use of sawdust as a cover is not advisable for it has, on occasion, retarded the hardening of concrete through the action of sugars in the sap present in the sawdust.(3) 349 �Figure 6: Using absorptive covers Summary To sum up the advantages of careful control of moisture and temperature in curing: 1. The strength of concrete increases with age if curing conditions are favorable. Compressive strength of properly cured concrete is 80 to 100 per cent greater than the strength of concrete which has not been cured at all. 2. Properly cured concrete surfaces wear well. 3. Drying shrinkage cracking is reduced. 4. Greater watertightness in constructions is assured. Points to keep in mind when curing : 1. Start curing operations as soon as possible after concrete has been placed. 2. For proper curing concrete needs moisture. 3. Continuity in curing is a must. Alternate wetting and drying promotes the development of cracks. 4. If during curing concrete is allowed to dry out (as may happen in hot weather) the hydration reaction rate significantly reduces at the stage when the concrete loses its moisture. 5. The ideal curing temperature is about 23°C. 6. Cure concrete for at least 7 days. The problems of inadequate curing need to be highlighted. If enough water evaporates from the concrete before it has attained sufficient strength, there will not be sufficient water remaining in the concrete to fully hydrate the binder and so achieve design performance. This will lead to design performance requirements not being achieved on site. Precautions Recommended for Concreting in Hot Weather • Placing the concrete in the coolest part of the day : preferably at a time such that the ambient temperature will rise following the setting of the concrete, that is, after midnight or in the early hours of the morning. • Pre-cooling one or more of the ingredients of the mix : � Cooling mixing water. The mixing water should be get from a cooler source. The water reservoirs and the pipelines should be white, and should be placed away from sun radiation and under the ground if possible. Mix water can be chilled partially by crushed or flaked ice. All the ice must melt prior to the end of the mixing operation. � Cooling aggregates: The aggregate masses should be kept in the shade. Coarse aggregate can be cooled by spraying with chilled water or by inundation. Another method is to use evaporative cooling by blowing preferably chilled air through moist aggregate. Fine aggregate can also be cooled by air. � If possible, cement can also be used cool. 350 �• Using low heat cement types. • Keeping the cement content as low as possible: so that the heat of hydration does not unduly aggravate the effects of high ambient temperature. • Keeping all equipment used in concreting in the shade and painting them white if possible. • Cooling the places of contact of concrete: the formwork, the steel reinforcement, and the ground can be cooled by spraying cold water just prior to the placing of concrete. • Making the placing of concrete as soon as possible: placing of concrete should be previously planned. Delays in concreting lower the workability and increase the temperature of the concrete. • Using set-retarders: in general, they prolong the time during which concrete can be transported, placed, and compacted (workability time). Since they have water-reducing effect, they reduce the cement content without changing the w/c ratio, and prevent shrinkage cracks. • Sufficient and successful curing: the fresh concrete should be kept wet for preventing the fast evaporation. The concrete should be protected from the effects of direct sunlight and wind. References Neville, A.M. (1997). Properties of concrete, Fourth and Final Edition Baradan, B. (1998). Structural Materials II (in Turkish). Izmir, Dokuz Eylul University Engineering Faculty Editions No:207 http://www.csr.com.au/product_homeswork/construct/concrete http://www.miconcrete.org 351 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 451 Title A name given to the resource Hot-Weather Concreting Author Author Basaran, Hakan Demirdag, Oktay Abstract A summary of the resource. In practice, concrete is mixed at a wide range of temperatures and also remains in service at different temperatures. There are some special problems involved in concreting in hot weather, arising both from a higher temperature of the concrete and, in many cases, from an increased rate of evaporation from the fresh mix. These problems concern the mixing, placing and curing of the concrete. Hot-weather concreting is not so much an unusual or a specialized process; rather, it requires taking certain recognized measures to minimize or control the effect of high ambient temperature, high temperature of the concrete, low relative humidity, high wind velocity, and high solar radiation. What is required on each construction project where any one or more of the above conditions exist is to develop appropriate techniques and procedures and to follow them rigorously. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-06 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed Q Science (General) https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/3f47c819268e8944166d7462c61a1e13.pdf a4f0a7101d48b2cf011decf055b2c1a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource IT Senior Design Projects Description An account of the resource The IT Senior Design Projects (SDPs) category showcases innovative and practical final-year capstone projects developed by undergraduate and graduate students in the field of Information Technology. These projects represent the culmination of students' academic and technical expertise, demonstrating their ability to solve real-world problems through software and hardware solutions. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hotel Reservation System Author Author Haris Hukara Abstract A summary of the resource. Many domestic hotels do not have a nice solution for the hotel reservation system. Some hotels do not have web applications at all, while others are purely designed and hard to use. This presents a huge problem and customers are not satisfied. In the twenty-first century almost everything is available online and if your business is not reachable you are likely losing out to your competitors. On the other hand, having a nice web application may only help you grow your business. The main intention of this application is to make room reservations simpler, less time-consuming and easier for managing. Hotel Reservation System is a web-based system that enables users all over the world to make room reservations. This system supports two types of users which are employees and guests. Guests should be able to quickly make a reservation request for a specified date and room. On the other hand, employees can easily interact with the database and fetch the details of the reservation request and customer that created it. Also, they can approve, reject and update reservation details. Functionalities of this application will help to keep track of the available rooms and the customers that are staying in the hotel. It is designed to be very intuitive, easy to use and navigate around, but under the hood it has some relatively complex logic. Keywords Keywords. reservation, system, web, application, responsive, PHP, MySQL, HTML, CSS, JS Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 867 Title A name given to the resource Hounded by Dogs and Bitches: a Cognitive-Linguistic Analysis of Figurative uses Involving the Concept DOG in English and Croatian Author Author Goran, Milic Abstract A summary of the resource. The paper aims to examine the power of two major cognitive linguistic approaches to figurative language, the Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Kövecses 2002) and the Conceptual Integration Theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002) to account for the motivation (Panther and Radden 2004) and axiological effects of linguistic instantiations of animal metaphors (Fernández Fontecha and Jiménez Catalán 2003) involving the concept of DOG/PAS (and their linguistic variants) in (American) English and Croatian respectively. A quantitative (Geeraerts 2006, Glynn 2010) and qualitative analysis of expressions and examples from dictionaries and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Croatian National Corpus (HNK) along a number of selected dimensions of (sex/age of the language users and referents, discourse/ register type etc.) will serve as the basis for discussing their impact on the usage and (degree of) conventionalization of linguistic instantiations in the two languages. Special emphasis is put on differences in slang use and across different discourse types/groups (e.g. different senses and effects of use of dog in rap/hip-hop as opposed to the more conventionalized figurative readings involving the lexeme and concept, calling for the introduction of the notion of lexical concepts (Evans 2006) in the analyses. The goal of the intended extensive intra- and cross-linguistic analysis of a concept (differently) productive in the languages examined is threefold: to emphasize the need for a greater focus on the subjective and intersubjective dimension, i.e. socio-cultural situatedness (Frank, Ziemke, Dirven and Bernárdez 2008) in usage-based approaches to metaphor as a linguistic and conceptual phenomenon (Sharifian 2008), to test the power of quantitative approaches for a more extensive analysis of figurative language, and propose possible repercussions in the field of ESL teaching. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed P Philology. Linguistics https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/86e3bd074ef2e48e1c46add14d6598f8.pdf a966850f7d0f5e828fef563b6e24bdce PDF Text Text International Conference on Economic and Social Studies, 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo How and Why Corporations Evaluate Sponsored “Sports for Peace” Projects Andrew Webb Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec, Canada andrew.webb.1@ulaval.ca André Richelieu Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec, Canada andre.richelieu@fsa.ulaval.ca Since the United Nations named 2005 the international year of Sports and Physical education, the field of Sports for Peace research has been attracting ever increasing academic interest. Yet, one of the nd recommendations that resulted from the 2 International Forum on Sport for Peace and Development, that was held at the United Nations office in th th Geneva on 10 and 11 of May 2011, was a call for the strengthening of evaluation tools on the impact of sport and for interdisciplinary research to develop scientific evidence and good practices. However, considering the rich and complex nature of both sports and peace, will first need to identify and then focus on the subtle nuances of how sports may contribute to peace. And since most sports for peace agencies, like the Open Fun Football School that has been operating in Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1998, receive funding from large corporations such as Statoil, Socar and Unicredit, examining the sponsor/sports for peace agency relationship may be a promising avenue for providing more insight on the sports for peace construct. A literature review, that covers four concepts related to how and why corporations evaluate sponsored sports for peace projects, was conducted as a pertinent first step to help identify key ideas that may impact future research. Based on the reviewed literature, and on key peacemaking theory, a conceptual model which crystalizes our understanding of how sports for peace agency relationships may influence peace building was constructed. This model demonstrates that the evaluating of outcomes and impacts of sports for peace projects will be relative and will not only depend on which relationship we study, but also on which point of view we choose to examine the relationship. It also causes us to reflect that these points of view may be influenced by broad reaching discourse on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and on the potential of sports for peace. Finally, we recommend that more research is needed on how and why each stakeholder monitors and 38 �International Conference on Economic and Social Studies, 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo evaluates the outcomes and impacts of their particular sports for peace relationships, and that focusing specifically on how and why corporations evaluated their sponsored sports for peace projects on the ground may be a promising avenue of research to contribute to the UN’s call for more insight into the sports for peace and development construct. Keywords: Peace, Sport, Sports for Peace, Corporate Social Responsibility. 39 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 1482 Title A name given to the resource How and Why Corporations Evaluate Sponsored “Sports for Peace” Projects Author Author WEBB, Andrew RICHELIEU, André Abstract A summary of the resource. Since the United Nations named 2005 the international year of Sports and Physical education, the field of Sports for Peace research has been attracting ever increasing academic interest. Yet, one of the recommendations that resulted from the 2nd International Forum on Sport for Peace and Development, that was held at the United Nations office in Geneva on 10th and 11th of May 2011, was a call for the strengthening of evaluation tools on the impact of sport and for interdisciplinary research to develop scientific evidence and good practices. However, considering the rich and complex nature of both sports and peace, will first need to identify and then focus on the subtle nuances of how sports may contribute to peace. And since most sports for peace agencies, like the Open Fun Football School that has been operating in Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1998, receive funding from large corporations such as Statoil, Socar and Unicredit, examining the sponsor/sports for peace agency relationship may be a promising avenue for providing more insight on the sports for peace construct. A literature review, that covers four concepts related to how and why corporations evaluate sponsored sports for peace projects, was conducted as a pertinent first step to help identify key ideas that may impact future research. Based on the reviewed literature, and on key peacemaking theory, a conceptual model which crystalizes our understanding of how sports for peace agency relationships may influence peace building was constructed. This model demonstrates that the evaluating of outcomes and impacts of sports for peace projects will be relative and will not only depend on which relationship we study, but also on which point of view we choose to examine the relationship. It also causes us to reflect that these points of view may be influenced by broad reaching discourse on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and on the potential of sports for peace. Finally, we recommend that more research is needed on how and why each stakeholder monitors and evaluates the outcomes and impacts of their particular sports for peace relationships, and that focusing specifically on how and why corporations evaluated their sponsored sports for peace projects on the ground may be a promising avenue of research to contribute to the UN’s call for more insight into the sports for peace and development construct. Keywords: Peace, Sport, Sports for Peace, Corporate Social Responsibility. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Burch University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-05-10 Keywords Keywords. Article PeerReviewed Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ISSN 2303-4564 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 3354 Title A name given to the resource HOW BOSNIAN AND TURKISH STUDENTS ACQUIRE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING Author Author Jeftic, Alma Abstract A summary of the resource. According to the language transfer theory, it is assumed that the learner’s native language (NL) will positively or negatively affect his/her learning a foreign language (FL) in second language acquisition (SLA). Therefore, when there are differences between his/her NL and FL, the native language will actively aggravate foreign language learning. In case of similarities between the native language and target language, the transfer functions positively, while in case of differences, it functions negatively. On the basis of the theories of transfer analysis and cognitive theories of second language acquisition, this paper is an attempt to find out the phenomena of native language's negative transfer in English learning by means of Turkish-English translations, as well as Bosnian-English translations, with the purpose of showing how both Turkish and Bosnian learners of English are negatively influenced by their native language knowledge in learning English. It is hypothesised that the negative language transfer in acquiring a foreign language is inevitable, and the differences between the learners’ NL and FL will interfere with the target language learning. 75 Bosnian and 174 Turkish students of the International University of Sarajevo filled in questionnaire specially designed to measure negative transfer from both languages, depending on major differences between Turkish and English, and Bosnian and English language in terms of grammar, reading, writing, and structure of the sentence. The data of Bosnian-English and Turkish-English translations were collected from English Language School students (preparation school), freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior students and the major mistakes were analyzed. It is concluded that the biggest number of mistakes was due to the negative transfer from native languages, and correlates with previously identified differences. At last, suggestions for teachers and learners were proposed according to the mistakes the participants made. Keywords: native language, foreign language, negative transfer, transfer analysis theory, cognitive theories Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Keywords Keywords. Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed PE English