<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3210">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determinants of Bank Efficiency in Turkey: A Two Stage Data  Envelopment Analysis]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Financial industry plays an important role in the economy and banks are  indispensable players in the financial industry. Therefore, the evaluation of banks’  performance became a popular research topic in all over the world, and also in Turkey. There  are different techniques to determine the banks’ performance. Among those techniques, Data  Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a non-parametric technique, has been widely used in  the banking sector. In this research, we analyzed the efficiency of Turkish Banking Industry  with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology between 2002 and 2007. All the banks  that constantly operated in the years between 2002 and 2007, excluding investment and  development, participation banks, get into the analysis. So there are four groups of banks in  the research, those are state-owned deposit banks, privately-owned deposit banks, foreign  banks founded in Turkey, and foreign banks having branches in Turkey. In the research  model, number of employees, interest expenses, non-interest expenses and total deposit are  determined as input, total credits, interest revenue and non-interest revenue are determined as  output. This analysis aims to explain the variation in efficiency scores with a set of  explanatory variables, such as size, ownership type, nationality, being publicly held.  According to results, the efficiency levels do not change very much between 2002 and 2007.  The efficiency scores reached top level in 2005 and 2006. The results of regression  application denote that all of the explanatory variables have a significant effect on banks’  efficiency levels. According to regression analysis results, size negatively affects the  efficiency levels of banks. Publicly listed banks operate more efficient than not publicly listed  banks. Foreign owned banks operate more efficient than their domestic peers. Furthermore,  state owned banks are less efficient than non-state banks.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2009-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[132]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1221">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[DETERMINANTS OF CRIME RATE IN EU: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[It is essential to ensure peace and security for sustainable development. In recent years, economic and social factors are closely associated with the amount of increased crime, and economic crises increase the amount of crime has become a widespread notion. The purpose of this study is to determine how social and economic factors affect the occurrence of crime, and investigate the effects of the crisis on crime rate.  Criminal investigations show that there is significant relation between crime and “place” of the crime. Crime rate shows different distribution characteristics, it decreases in some places, while increases in some places, hence; it is required a spatial perspective. Therefore, Techniques of Spatial Economic Analysis is used in this paper. The promise of using spatial data and analyses for crime control still remains to be demonstrated and depends on the nature of the relationship between crime and place. Theoretical concerns focus on how place might be a factor in crime, either by influencing or shaping the types and levels of criminal behavior by the people who frequent an area, or by attracting to an area people who already share similar criminal inclinations. While the crime rate in the model is the dependent variable, the net migration rate, unemployment rate, education level and per capita gross domestic product will be used as independent variables. Data covers the European Union countries and the year of data is 2010. The effect of these variables is observed to determine the amount of crime and whether or not it comes to a spatial effect is investigated. The relationship between migrations and crime is one of the problems on which for a long time now social research has been concentrating, mainly in countries characterized by important emigrational flows. This paper provides an empirical evaluation of whether one can uncover a link between crimes and, economic and social variables like unemployment rate, education level and per capita gross domestic product using a research methodology, additionally; impacts of last economic crisis on European Union countries are examined.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2147]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2233-1565     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1547">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determinants of Crime Rate in EU: a Spatial Analysis]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[It is essential to ensure peace and security for sustainable development. In  recent years, economic and social factors are closely associated with the  amount of increased crime, and economic crises increase the amount of  crime has become a widespread notion.  The purpose of this study is to determine how social and economic factors  affect the occurrence of crime, and investigate the effects of the crisis on  crime rate.  Criminal investigations show that there is significant relation between  crime and “place” of the crime. Crime rate shows different distribution  characteristics, it decreases in some places, while increases in some places,  hence; it is required a spatial perspective. Therefore, Techniques of Spatial  Economic Analysis is used in this paper. The promise of using spatial data  and analyses for crime control still remains to be demonstrated and  depends on the nature of the relationship between crime and place.  Theoretical concerns focus on how place might be a factor in crime, either  by influencing or shaping the types and levels of criminal behavior by the  people who frequent an area, or by attracting to an area people who  already share similar criminal inclinations. While the crime rate in the  model is the dependent variable, the net migration rate, unemployment  rate, education level and per capita gross domestic product will be used as  independent variables. Data covers the European Union countries and the  year of data is 2010. The effect of these variables is observed to determine  the amount of crime and whether or not it comes to a spatial effect is  investigated. The relationship between migrations and crime is one of the  problems on which for a long time now social research has been  concentrating, mainly in countries characterized by important emigrational  flows. This paper provides an empirical evaluation of whether one can  uncover a link between crimes and, economic and social variables like  unemployment rate, education level and per capita gross domestic product  using a research methodology, additionally; impacts of last economic crisis  on European Union countries are examined.  Keywords: Crime Rate, EU countries, Spatial Analysis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1515]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/289">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[DETERMINANTS OF FIRM PROFITABILITY IN CROATIA’S  MANUFACTURING SECTOR]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper investigates determinants of the profitability of industrial firms in  Croatia, using data for large, medium and small companies for the period 2003-2014.  This paper provides a broad theoretical review of the determinants of profitability  analysed in economic literature with special remarks on firm level determinants,  and explanation of most used variables such as size of firm, revenues, growth rate of  revenues, sales, profit in previous years, ownership, productivity level, financial leverage,  cost of inputs, indebtedness. Results from the panel ordinary least squares model for  Croatia’s manufacturing sector reveal a positive and statistical significant relationship  between profitability, total factor productivity, and concentration measured through  Herfindahl-Hirschman index. On the other hand, indebtedness and liquidity show a  negative relationship with the firm profitability of Croatia’s manufacturing sector.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2016]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[3328]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3002">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determinants of Firm Survival in Manufacturing Industry:  A Research on Lake Region in Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper gives an empirical analysis of determinants of firm survival in the  manufacturing sector of Lakes Region (Turkey) from 2003 to 2009. The survival activities of  the firms are measured through a four-dimensional, namely firm based, industry/environment  based, innovation based and human capital based, questionnaire consisting of 49 questions.  For the application logistic regression method is used for the evaluation of survival  probability and the findings are compared with the basics of the related literature.  According to the results of the empirical work, the effects of the ―Firm Based‖ factors  on the survivals and growth performances of the firms located in the region are found to be  more significant and positive than the remaining dimensions.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2010-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[159]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/458">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper aims to investigate empirically the determinants of FDI for Turkey over the annual period of 1975-2012. Our main interest is to study how different reflecting inflows of FDI in Turkey are. This study examines time series data evidence concerning empirical relevance between FDI attraction and its determinative effects. As a definition, FDI is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country.   Unit root and Johansen cointegration tests are used in order to analyze the determinants of FDI for Turkey. Our econometric model expresses foreign direct investment (FDI), as a function of market size (GDP), openness (OPEN) calculated as Export + Import/ GDP, inflation rate (CPI), energy production (EP), labor productivity (LABOR). The major results show that there is a positive effect of GDP, OPEN, EP and LABOR on FDI.  But CPI’s effect on FDI is negative in the long run.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2927]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/127">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determinants of the Financing Obstacles Faced by SMEs:  An Empirical Study of Emerging Economies]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Ab stract: Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role  in the economic development of emerging countries. The lack of access to  finances is one of the important growth constraints the SMEs face. This  study investigates the firm and country specific determinants of the financial  constraint levels of SMEs in selected emerging Western Balkan economies.  The main determinants of the financing obstacles examined in the sampled  countries were: firm size, ownership type, and age, accounting information  transparency, the depth of credit information indexes, the banking sector  concentration, property registration costs; and per capita GDP. The findings  confirm that firm size is a significant determinant of the financial constraint  levels of SMEs in the selected economies. Moreover, we found that older firms  are financially more constrained in the region. The possible economic  implications of the positive association between firm age and financial  constraint are discussed. Banking sector concentration level plays crucial role  in the external financing of SMEs in developing countries. By closely  examining the firm characteristics and country-level factors that determine the  degree of the financing obstacles faced by SMEs, we observed that in  developing economies overall institutional and financial problems are more  important than firm-specific]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2018]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[3754]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 1986-8499, ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2262">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determinants Of Turkey Current Account Deficit: An Econometric Analysis]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The main causes of the current account deficit in Turkey; the foreign trade deficit, the high  ratio of intermediate goods imports, high oil prices and Turkey&#039;s energy import dependence,  lack of domestic savings, foreign direct investment and low tourism revenues.  In this study, the causes of the current account deficit and current account deficit financing  structure were examined. In addition, the determinanats of Turkey current account deficit  wereanalyzed via VAR methods using the data of 2002-2011 monthly current account deficit,  net export, interest on external debt, transfer payments and costs of tourism.  As a result of the study, According to variance discrimination results obtained from VAR  model composed under this roof, current account deficit is determined by its own shocks in  the short term. In addition, current account deficit prediction error variance is determined by  tourism expenditures and foreign debt interest rate as well as its own variables. Current  account deficit is affected by export, foreign debt interest rate, transfer payments and shock  given to tourism expenditures.  Keywords: Current Account Deficit, Determinants, VAR, Turkey]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2012-05-31]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1318]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2950">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determination of Biological Effect of Entomopathogen Fungus on  Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In this study, Entomopathogenic fungi Perlomyces chlamidosporia,  Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium solani, Baveria bassiana were investigated to the  effect of larvae great wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). P.  chlamidosporia, F. solani, two isolates of F subglutinans (8, 12), and B. bassiana were  cultured for 10 days potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated in dark  conditions at 25 ± 1 ºC. 1x107 spor / ml suspension for each isolates was used for each  isolates and Tween 20 was added in. By dipping method suspensions of spore were  experimented on Larvae of G. mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Larvae of G.  mellonella were cultured in 12-cm plastic petrie dishes at 25 ± 1 0C. 1, 24, 48 hours and  8, 13 days after the applications were eveluated the death larvae of G. mellonella. The  mortality rate of G. mellonella was observed between 50-70% but statistical difference  between isolates was not determined. The results obtained in the application used the  types of Entomopathogenic fungus can be used biological control for G. mellonella.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2010-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[324]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1692">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Determination of Cultural Characteristics of Hunters in  İstanbul Province to Hunting and Wildlife Management  (İstanbul Province Case)]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Turkey has a rather important potential from the point of view of wildlife  resources which includes both species diversity and sheltering capacity. On the  other hand, wildlife in Turkey has been endangered since wilderness  ecosystem and habitats have been damaged and managed badly. There is a  rather important role of hunters in this process.  Hunting, which means catching of either living or lifeless animals that live  freely in the nature, has attracted attention of mankind almost in every term.  Hunting has been accepted as an important activity also today as well as in the  past. It is not a realistic approach considering the hunting passion which comes  to today with the traces from the past as nothing. Today, hunters have become  a guaranty of biodiversity and wilderness by getting an environmentalist  status.  As increasing economic and social welfare, first of all demands of hunters and  demands of stakeholders from wildlife sector are getting increased by varying.  In this context, it is obligatory to develop and reach a rationalist management  of wildlife potential that promises a great future of Turkey. In Turkey, lawful regulations were made in 2003 with act of 4915 to solve  problems of wildlife management. Wildlife management in Turkey still live a  transition period, problems are going on because new laws and its  implementations have not yet established. Among these problems, illegal  hunting, uneducated hunters, lack of hunter controlling have important place;  basic problems are social, cultural, economic and lack of scientific structure.  Associations, institutions and enterprises attach importance for knowing  cultural elements and factors that affect them. It has been use an active  instrument to convey cultural data and to reach aims. In this context,  researches that determine human structure and cultural sensitiveness fields in  the management of wildlife resources are very important.  There have been seen some researches which related to determine of hunter  profile since 2002. But, there are too few studies to determine cultural  characteristics of hunters. In this context, it is needed some studies for hunter  culture as related to management activities.  This research project includes hunting clubs and their members in İstanbul. For  this aim, according to sample size, there will be reached primary data using  questionnaire method which is prepared for hunters. Some data based on  literature research constitute secondary data of research.  In this research, questionnaire, called the hunter form, will be developed.  Hunter Form; cultural elements of hunters, profile of hunters and level of  importance on the issue of hunters were determined. Nine-point Likert Scale  was used in some questions to determine hunters’ thinking on the issue. The  hunter form is designed in two parts. The first part is related to the  demographic characteristics of hunters. The second section means detection  levels of the components of the culture of hunters.  In this research project, values forming culture of hunters were investigated in  context of leaders and heroes, ceremony and symbols, story and legends,  language, customs, norms and organizational socialization. Results of research  project will be used as basic data in controlling and training of hunters,  providing coordination and planning and sources.  Data obtained from the hunters were evaluated using frequency, percentage,  chi-square test, and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. In this  context, there were benefited from SPSS program and others.  Keywords: Hunting, Hunting Culture, Hunting and Wildlife Management,  İstanbul.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1597]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>