<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/705">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[What Are the Measures for the Best Fiscal Policy in Albania?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Albania is a country in transition and after the communism period it has been in a difficult path for overcoming many social, political and economic difficulties. This paper emphasizes the importance of fiscal policy such as government spending and tax collection to foster and promote economic growth and to reduce the poverty. This research paper will be focused on the effectiveness of fiscal policy and the taxation system of this developing country. Albania is currently using a flat tax system where this tax is 20% for consumption and 10% for income.    The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth which is measured by GDP per capita. Through the regression analysis, it will be defined which policy, government spending or tax collection, has a better and stronger effect on the economy.     The main points of this study are related to the analysis of what are the effects of government activities on the economic growth? What is the fiscal policy in Albania during the last decade? Is the tax system effective and profitable? Can Albania be a potential place for investment and doing business?    Keywords: Government spending, tax system, economic growth, investment, business.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2522]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/706">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Role of Macroeconomic Variables on the Yield Curve Model: Case of Albania]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Albania is a country which has passed through a difficult transition period and surely this period has lead to some inevitable effects on the Albanian economy. The high inflation and the rapid decline of the economy contributed to the crisis which happened in 1997. After 1998 the economic progress and the inflation reduction were enabled by the fiscal and monetary policy strengthening. Much progress is made and this is seen in the continuous increase of gross domestic product growth rate.    This research paper will analyze the relationship between term structure of interest rate and the two key variables which are inflation rate and GDP growth rate. The challenging correlation of these variables has been discussed by many economists. Some of the authors could introduce their yield curve model without the intervention of macroeconomic variables, while some others considered macroeconomic factors such as inflation rate and GDP growth rate in explaining the model.    The focus of this paper is how the two key variables affected the interest rate. From the regression analysis, it is found that the macroeconomic variables explain about 16.3 % of the variation in the interest rate which is not a high percentage. These variables are not statistically significant and they can be drop out of the regression line.    Keywords: interest rate, inflation rate, GDP growth rate, level, slope, curvature.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2520]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/707">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Abandonment of the Poverty-Debt Circle by Dint of the Fiscal policy: the Modest B&amp;H Experience]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The recent crisis that was taking the stage in the 2008/2009 pioneered in developed countries (US and UK) after the failure and merging of numerous financial institutions, bailout of banks, and downturns in stock markets, but soon occupied most countries around the globe. As the consequence of the aforementioned experience many developing countries were caught into a cycle of poverty and debt which impairs a long-term, stable and sustained economic growth.     The story of developing nation’s wide indebtedness starts with the advice of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank to borrow the necessary capital to achieve the economic recovery. So they were forced to borrow heavily in order to survive. There is generally ‘lack of agreement’ about the effects fiscal policy may have during crisis and thus the recent economic crisis stimulated various policy responses globally. But literature agrees that fiscal policy growth support is significantly hampered by the high initial levels of public debt.Bosnia and Herzegovina, a SEE developing country, are not an exception from this plague.     It was floating for long without any BH institution in the ‘driving seat’ since the local fiscal coordination was in the hands of international community. In 2008, just prior to the Great recession but as the response to the missing fiscal responsibility International organizations advised the Fiscal Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina establishment. But the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is quite away from this idea of sustainability and continuous economic development.In line with aforementioned statements, the objective of this study is to evaluate the existing fiscal policy in the developing Bosnia and Herzegovina in lights of existing relevant literature and to define modes that will perhaps brighten the crucial macroeconomic indicators.    Keywords: Fiscal policy, debt, IMF, World Bank, unemployment, Central Bank, stand-by arrangement, developing.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2456]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/708">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Role of SME in the Albania Economy Development]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper aims to discuss the role of small and medium sized enterprises in the economic development of Albania in the last decade, increasing the employment rate and reduce the poverty of our society. More specifically the impact of increased number of SME on the GDP growth will be carefully analyzed and interpreted, and the analysis of this paper will take into consideration the effects of SME-s in terms of innovation and economic growth.In the last years Small and medium sized enterprises have played a crucial role in the economic development of Albania. SME-s is the main source of increased employment, innovation and productivity growth. Consequently, in this context an important element where the Albanian economy relies upon for development is due to the increased number of SME.     The aim of the research is to investigate and examine the impact of SME-s to the economic growth of Albania by influencing changes in the economic indicators such as: GDP, employment rate, export-import activities, entrepreneurial skills etc. This will be a research paper which consists on the demonstrating of the relationship between number of SME-s operating in the Albanian business environment including here their number in total &amp; turnover and their impact to the GDP of economy. The impact of small-medium sized enterprises in economic development of Albania is relatively high. There is lots of SME-s which are operating in the urban areas as well as rural areas. They are burgeon of changes, central to local private sector development.Albanian government has supported the promotion of SME development because it gives rise to entrepreneurship which is the heart of economic development. Entrepreneurship is the key point for development not only in Albania but everywhere in the world. Also statistical data about the number of SME-s operating in Albania and their respective turnover will be included.   Keywords: SMEs, Economic Growth, Employment, GDP, Albania.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2545]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/709">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[International Trade and Foreign Direct Investments: Albanian Case]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper observes the effects of international trade in Albania and related with it focuses more on the explanation of foreign direct investments and creation of outsources and franchises in Albania. Many theories have been adopted to explain the reasons why some countries agree to invest abroad and others to receive FDIs like; law of perfect markets, law of imperfect markets and other theories. According to INSTAT Albania started to recover with money transfers coming from immigrants which grew from US$324 million in 1999 to US$531 million in 2000. Investments in physical capital such as in ports, roads, transportation infrastructure have effected in Albanian International trade. Also investments in banking sector have affected economy in latest years. Portfolio investment and bank relationships between countries can increase the bilateral trade. Examples in Albania are Raiffeisen Bank that makes the relations between the German states and Albania which holds 19 “NOSTRO” accounts with 15 banks in all the world and helps in “creation of money”. Also NBG bank holds 8 “NOSTRO” accounts with all countries and makes most of the transactions between Greece and Albania. Also National Commercial Bank makes mostly the relations in transactions with Turkey, which is in Balkan region and nearest partner treading with Albania.     Government intervention has also effected in attracting FDI with its decisions in economical and political aspects which are: Albania ”1 Euro” which can attract new investments since low prices occur; Low on concession and public procurement; “Law of foreign investments” ; Reduction of Corporate tax from 20 percentage (%) to 10 percentage (%). Some analyzes are done to determine the rate of effectiveness in international trade and licensing of foreign enterprises and businesses that operate in Albania. Negative and positive effects of foreign investments, according to trade balance, are mentioned to end up in a conclusion. Most of the dates are taken from Bank of Albania and INSTAT for 2000-2013 period and other reliable sources.    Keywords: International trade, FDI, markets, businesses, tax.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2512]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/710">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises for Regional Development: the Case of Gaziantep]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[All of the countries whether developed or developing have the problem of regional imbalance. Landforms and distribution of national resources vary in terms of regions. Establishing infrastructures which provide an assessment of industrial potential is difficult in the regions where geographical conditions are not appropriate. Thus, investments head towards areas where infrastructures are ready. Therefore, the inter-regional imbalances arise.    One of the most important functions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is its contribution to regional development. Unlike large-scale enterprises which are usually located around major cities, these businesses are located in all geographical areas of a country. Therefore, they contribute to a balanced allocation of economic activities between the country&#039;s regions. On the other hand, due to their labor-intensive structure, they provide increasing regional employment.    In this study, we aimed to introduce the role of SMEs for regional development by using secondary data. First of all we will explain the definition and importance of regional development on the one hand, and the definition and importance of SMEs on the other hand. After that, we determine the situation and importance of Gaziantep in Turkey’s economy, the course of SMEs in Gaziantep, the development of SMEs’ export in Gaziantep and the contribution of SMEs to employment in Gaziantep. We will use tables to reveal them. Afterward, we will try to demonstrate the role of SMEs for regional development.    Keywords: Development, Regional Development, Gaziantep, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs).]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2517]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/711">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Role of Local Authority in Tourism Development in Vlora]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Economic and social opening of Albania after 1991, gave a new momentum to the country&#039;s tourism development particularly the one to the coastal areas, using individual private investment, which structured small-scale tourism, coupled with cleavage to extreme local landscape. Governments after 1991, rightly considered tourism development as a big opportunity on developing the country in a short term.Local authorities have many direct and indirect mechanisms at their responsibility and disposal to influence the development of tourism as they are providers of public goods and services, supervisory bodies of economic activities, builders of public infrastructure, responsible for economic development and accountable for the natural environment. The local authorities have focused on the distinctive challenges of governance for sustainable developments.    This article discusses the development of the tourism industry in Albania and Vlora. It calls for both local and national agencies, and respective stakeholders to support the idea where tourism is an important sector in the process of economic development. The study is based on a structured survey which was developed in Vlora. The questionnaires were structured in such a way that it contains the information needed to answer a hypothesis: “The Local Authority play an important part on tourism development in Vlora”.For processing questionnaires, SPSS software (descriptive Statistics, Frequencies, Compare Means, and Independent Samples T-test) and Mega Stat (Hypothesis Test, Compare Two independents Groups) were used.In Vlora, tourism is one of the many driving forces promoting the directions and opportunities for local developments. The research question of this article is whether tourism can be sustainable. The true proof of “sustainable tourism” will be the sustainable development of local communities which are tourist destinations as the time is right for more focus on this challenge.    Keywords:Vlora, Albania, tourism, sustainable tourism, local authorities, local developments, policy making.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2508]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/712">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Role of Consumer Trust in Internet Shopping: A Comparative Study in Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Customer trust is becoming more important in today’s business environments especially in electronic commerce. However, the role of customer trust in internet shopping is not very well known in different marketing environments. The purpose of this study is to compare Bosnian and Turkish customers on factors related to customer trust in electronic commerce such as e-commerce knowledge, perceived reputation, perceived risk, perceived ease of use, loyalty and switching behavior. The study will analyze the role of customer trust in two economies, one of which, Turkey, as a fast growing market whereas  the other one, Bosnia and Herzegovina as a volatile transition market. The results of the study will provide implications for those companies that do e-business in markets like Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina.     Keywords:electronic commerce, online purchases, e-business, internet shopping, customer trust, switching behavior, loyalty, perceived reputation, perceived risk, perceived ease of use, risk perception.  ]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2562]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/713">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Impact of Import and Export on Total Factor Productivity in Albania]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The import, according to the board of Albania, isn’t high but also the trade out of country is increasing day by day so both these kind of trade have a large effect on economy of Albania. Total factor of productivity which is one of most effecting elements in GDP, is shown by the technology, capital and labor, or all of the other factors that have large impact on the total factor productivity which is directly related to the situation of the overall economy in Albania taking in consideration years after ‘90s when the transition ended. This paper examines the impact of international trade on the total factor productivity in Albania. According to the results found by the analysis,it is shown that the trade is important for the improvements of economy. Trade must be followed by politics that support the balance of imports and exports. In the case of Albania, trade is becoming main component for the welfare of the economy. Also, it observes how trade in Albania effects the economic growth, focusing on the relation of the exports and productivity and also on the relation between imports and productivity. To conclude, the impact on total factor of production is positive which supports more the exports as an important factor in the increasing of the productivity and the imports that help increasing the innovation and improve the technology, effecting the economic growth also.    Keywords: Import, Export, Productivity, Economic Growth, Trade.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2548]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/714">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Progress of the Transition in the Southeast European Countries]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The aim of the paper is the analysis of the progress of the transition in nine Southeast European countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia and Romania) in the years 1998-2012.  The Wroclaw taxonomy method is used to establish similarities and differences in the evaluation of the progress of the transition achieved by the examined countries. The study is based on six indexes used by EBRD (large scale privatization, small scale privatization, governance and enterprise restructuring, price liberalization, trade and Forex system and competitionpolicy).     Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina experienced the greatest progress in the evaluation of the transition in the years 1998-2012. The following pairs of countries: Slovenia-Croatia, Bulgaria-Romania and Albania-FYR Macedonia showed the smallest differences in the evaluation of the transition. In the case of such countries as: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, patterns of the evaluation displayed similarities to the different countries in the different years of the analyzed period.    Keywords: transition, Wroclaw taxonomy method, EBRD, Balkan region.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2471]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>