<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1267">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[TURKEY AND EU RELATIONS ON REALISTIC TEORY PERSPECTIVE]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Keywords: International Relations, Realist theory, the balance of power, EU, Turkey-EU relations.  ABSTRACT  In this study, critique of realist approach, which has shaped the discipline of İnternational Relations has been argued. The discipline that mentioned above, emerged mostly as a result of Realist Theory contribution has been critiqued to explain toda’s complex World is one of the basic theses defended in this case study. Realist Theory is concentrated on power emphasis only on the nation-state as an actor, and being very simple and such features have been explained and critiqued in details.  Relations with the EU has always been very important for Turkey, and refered to be tough process. Altought from the signing of the ankara agreement and continuing in diffrent stages to the present day, developments in vorious stages have caused different expectations fort he both parties , neither Turkey has given up to the membership decision, nor European Union has completely rejected turkey’s membership process. At luxembourg Summit in december 1997 the country’s name among the canditaes for full membership was not included , and as a result of this, Turkey’s response was very threating in cutting the political dialogue with the EU. Turkey’s candidancy was confirmed by the Helsinki European Council in December 1999, preparing a pre-accession strategy and accession partnership document showed some easygoings in the attitude of the EU Council aganist the country. Finally as a result of these changes, once more the relations of mutual obligations and expectations come to the a fore period.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2148]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2233-1565     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1680">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkey and EU Relations on Realistic Theory Perspective]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In this study, critique of realist approach, which has shaped the discipline  of İnternational Relations, has been argued. The discipline that mentioned  above, emerged mostly as a result of Realist Theory contribution has been  critiqued to explain today’s complex World is one of the basic theses  defended in this case study. Realist Theory is concentrated on power  emphasis only on the nation-state as an actor, and being very simple and  such features have been explained and critiqued in details.  Relations with the EU have always been very important for Turkey, and  referred to be tough process. Although from the signing of the Ankara  agreement and continuing in different stages to the present day,  developments in various stages have caused different expectations for the  both parties, neither Turkey has given up to the neither membership  decision, nor European Union has completely rejected Turkey’s  membership process. At Luxembourg Summit in December 1997 the  country’s name among the candidates for full membership was not  included, and as a result of this, Turkey’s response was very threating in  cutting the political dialogue with the EU. Turkey’s candidacy was  confirmed by the Helsinki European Council in December 1999, preparing a  pre-accession strategy and accession partnership document showed some  easygoing in the attitude of the EU Council against the country. Finally as a  result of these changes, once more the relations of mutual obligations and  expectations come to the fore period.  Keywords: International Relations, Realist Theory, the Balance of Power,  EU, Turkey-EU Relations.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1675]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3431">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkey Forest with Respect to Sustainability]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[As a natural part of global ecosystem, forests have been destroyed continuously   despite sustainable principles. In Turkey, forestation has started as utility forestation and  production forestation just as everywhere in the world and later on the type of forestation  suiting nature as well as multifunctional forestation has been prefered. At present, according  to the decision taken at United Nations Environment and Development Conference (1992) the  principles of sustainability have come to the fore. The main objective here is to provide  means for those settling in rural areas to make their living without destroying forest and  within the limits of protecting nature and maintaining development. In the light of this, forest  in Turkey are to be sustained in spite of lack of application, destroying forest to make fields,  irregular grazing, unlawful cutting, improper use of land and biological threats. It is  inevitable to put in practice regular production techniques and to organize peasant-forest  relation in order to determine the reproductivity capacity and limitations of Turkey forest,  which have rare natural, old forests environment of our country]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2009-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[174]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1737">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkish “Spring”, European “Fall”: A Political-Economic  Analysis of Turkey-European Union Relations]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Current stalemate in Turkey-European Union (EU) relations stemming mainly  from political issues has taken place by coincidence when both parties namely  Turkey and the EU are experiencing peculiar economic circumstances. The EU,  on the one hand, has been struggling to restore the effects of debt crisis and  on the other hand Turkish economy has been displaying an outstanding  economic performance. Turkish economic performance with repercussions in  its foreign policy displayed by Turkish economic and political activism in  neighboring areas has led to “axis shift” debate in some circles which refers  disassociation of Turkey from the “West”. In contrast, the EU, experiencing the  deepest economic crisis of ever has also a political turmoil inside and possible  scenarios have been discussed for the future of the Union while huge steps are  taken which led to more “deepening”. Future of the relations between Turkey  and the EU is very much dependent on the future tendencies of both sides  which have clues from today’s policies. Combined effect of the EU’s  economic/politic deterioration, put it another way “European fall” and Turkish  economic performance and foreign policy activism, “Turkish spring” have  reinforced the scenarios for the future of the relations. Against this  background, this paper aims to analyze the current situation and the future  tendencies through the political-economic analysis of the relations. This  analysis is two-folded: On the one hand, economic relations of the two-sides  will be elaborated by utilizing economic data including basically the foreign  trade statistics comparatively analyzed through years and economic  interdependency and integration of both sides will be analyzed partly through  customs union arrangements and the other common policy areas. On the  other hand, political dimension of the relations will be elaborated mainly by  analyzing the possible future political scenarios of the EU discussed in  European circles. Main argument of this paper is that future of the relations  between Turkey and the EU is dependent on the future direction of the EU  which should be closely observed by Turkey and although current foreign trade  statistics refer different directions other than the EU, Turkey’s economic  performance could be leverage for the EU membership given the intertwined  nature of political and economic aspects of Turkish accession to the EU.  Keywords: Axis Shift, Debt Crisis, European Union, Turkey, Turkish Economy.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1676]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/966">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[TURKISH AS THE LANGUAGE MEDIATING ACCEPTANCE OF F A R SI SM S IN BOSNIAN]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Bosnian  language lexis is characterised by a number of loanwords, whereby words of eastern origin, i.e. words from Turkish, Arabic or Persian, occupy a prominent place, not only in number but also in terms of language, style and other characteristics.     Words of eastern originwere introduced in the Bosnian language mostly through Turkish and are, for that reason, referred to as turcisms. However, a more scientifically approved term is orientalisms since not all of these words belong to the Turkish lexical material, and they involve a great number of Arabic and Farsi phrases. Apart from that, not all the words of eastern origin entered the Bosnian language through Turkish exclusively, as there is a number of words that enteredBosnian directly from Arabic or Persian.     The number of turcisms in the Bosnian language is quite impressive. For instance, Škaljić’s Rječnik turcizama (Dictionary of Turcisms) contains 8,742 words (expressions) and 6,878 terms(1979: 23).     Compared to Turkish and Arabic, lexis of Persian origin is the least present –in Škaljić’s Dictionary of Turcismsthere were total 1031words of Persian origin, out of which 653 basic words and 378 derivatives (Akopdžanjan, 2010: 180). This proportionately smaller number of words of Persian origin in relation to the other two languages is quite reasonable and logical since there was no direct contact between the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Iran, as was the case with Turkey, which ruled in our region for more than five centuries. Although there was no direct contact between the two nations, influences and echoes of Iranian civilization in the Balkans, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina,were visible for centuries before the arrival of the Ottomans and Islam, since the time of settlement of the Slavs in this region. The penetration of Iranian civilization and culture on our soil continued through the expansion of Manichaeism,so the influencesof this civilization were kept in Newly-Manicheism teachings of Bogomil, and later after the arrival of the Ottomans and the acceptance of Islam in this region were restored and preserved through various Sufi and Dervish movements (Džaka, 1991: 398–399).    This paper examines the significance and role of the Turkish language as the language mediator in the case of words of Persian origin entering the Bosnian language. Before it was fully adopted by the Bosnian   language, a Persian loanword, from the moment it was borrowed from the source (Persian) to the receiver (Bosnian) language, would undergo various stages of adaptation on the phonological, morphological, and semantic plane. The focus of this paper is the analysis of semantic changes to Farsisms words that occurred due to the impact of Turkish language as a mediator.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[3407]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1665">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkish Economy on its Sustainable Growth Path to the EU]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[During the past decade, the world has come to be aware more of Turkey as a  result of her ever-growing economy. Turkey is, to some extent, perceived as a  rising economic power in the international arena. Turkey further also belongs  to the group of upper middle-income countries as categorized by the World  Bank classification with 10,410 USD GNI per capita in 2011 in current prices.  With the same manner, in the most recent document called the European  Commission 2012 Progress Report for Turkey, Turkish economic performance  was evaluated as progressive towards the economic convergence with the EU  with macroeconomic stabilization.  This paper endeavors to examine whether a high degree of sustainable  economic convergence has been achieved, whether the national legislation is  compatible with the Treaty  and whether Turkey has fulfilled the economic  requirements to become an integral part of the Euro-zone. Sustainable growth  path in Turkey is pursued in the sense that Turkish institutions and economic  policies have sustainably improved and effective enough in order for the  economy of the nation to cope with those of the EU’s member states. In other  words, this paper seeks to answer the question whether Turkish economy is  ready to join the EU providing that there have been some reforms and changes  in the institutions so far in addition to the capability to response to external  shocks such as global financial crisis.  This study is an attempt to focus extensively on the economic imperatives of  Turkey-EU relations under the circumstances created along with the aftermath  of the European sovereign debt crisis since 2008. In line with the framework of  the Maastricht criteria for a fruitful economic performance in lieu of  competitive EU single market, this paper argues that recent economic  development in Turkey has proved its success in meeting with those criteria.  Moreover, with the evidence of the less severe impacts of global financial and  economic crisis on Turkish economy, especially on the banking sector, Turkish  institutions proved their effective precautionary policies ahead of the crisis.  This paper, hence, also endeavors to evaluate Turkish monetary and fiscal  policy responses to the global crisis to further conclude that Turkish economy  is on its sustainable development path to be a comparable and competitive  member in the European Union.  Keywords: European Union, Turkish Economy, Maastricht Criteria, Sustainable  Growth, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Global Crisis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1677]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2706">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkish EFL Learners‘ Beliefs about Learning Second Foreign  Languages]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper reports on a study that investigated beliefs about  second foreign language learning of Turkish EFL learners, compared their  beliefs about learning German, Italian and French as a second foreign  language and explored within-group variation in these learners‘ beliefs.  The primary purpose of this study is to identify Turkish learners‘ beliefs  about compulsory second foreign language courses in French, Italian and  German at an English-medium university in Turkey. Another aim of the  study is to identify the underlying reasons the students have for choosing  and not choosing a particular second foreign language course among  available options as well as to see whether beliefs varied according to the  semester of the students. The results indicated that the participants had  different beliefs about second foreign languages and that their beliefs are  stable over time.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2011-05]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[669]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1063">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[TURKISH EFL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS THEIR L1-  ACCENTED ENGLISH]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Emerging different English accent varieties as a result of the recognition of English as a lingua franca  all around the world has led many researchers in different contexts to explore the attitudes of the students  towards their pronunciation. To report on the perspectives of the English learners in Turkey, which is one of  the EFL contexts, the present study aimed to explore the attitudes of Turkish male and female EFL learners  towards their English pronunciation. It was conducted with 60 students studying at English preparatory  school of a state university in İstanbul, Turkey. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire which  was designed by Tokumoto and Shibata (2011) to examine Turkish EFL learners’ self-assessment of their  English accent. The items of the questionnaire measure cognitive, affective and behavioral components  constructing learners’ attitudes. The results showed that Turkish EFL learners highly agreed that they had a  non-native accent and their accent was not understandable enough for both native and non-native speakers  of English. Although both genders reported negative beliefs for the acceptability of their accent for personal  cross-cultural communication, female participants were found to believe that their accent was acceptable for  international business and for an English teacher more than male students did. Additionally, Turkish EFL  learners did not feel confident in their English pronunciation and they did not want to keep their accent,  they would like to sound like a native-speaker instead. Based on these results, practical suggestions regarding  the role of accent in language classes were discussed.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[3422]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3022">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkish EFL Students’ Failure of the Use of Interjections Properly: The  Example of Kafkas Univeristy]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Interjections in English are very complex and confusing elements of the language  for EFL learners. However, EFL learners have to know enough number of them in order to  carry out daily conversations English with native speakers as well as nonnative speakers  properly. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the awareness of Turkish EFL learners  of the use of interjections. To this end, 42 intermediate-level EFL students (10 males and 32  females) and 40 advanced students (9 males and 31 females) , attending to classes regularly at  Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey, were the subjects of the study. The participants were given  36 types of interjections wanted to identify which interjections they knew. The responses of  the subjects were assessed using SPSS 17 for windows. Descriptive statistics and Independent  t-test were used for the assessment of the results. According to the result of the study,  interjection “good ” was known by 75(97,5%) participants, “hello” by 75 (92,7%), and  “goodbye” was known by 69 (91,5%) participants. On the other hand, the least known  interjections were As for the lowest frequencies, they are “pshaw” 03 (3,6%), “alas”  3(3,6%) ,and “bah” 04 (4,8%). The results showed that there was no significant difference  between male and female students as well as between intermediate an advanced students in  knowing interjections. (p&gt;0,05).]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2010-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[356]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3377">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Turkish Financial Reporting System and Capital Markets’ Regulations]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Accounting is a knowledge system which records, classifies and summarizes the  economic activities of the companies. In this turn accounting has very close links with many  social economic factors that shapes an accounting system in a coıuntry. The aim of this paper  gives information about contemporary Turkish accounting system and its relation with capital  markets’ regulations. Also, this paper reviews current literature on accounting standard  setting issues and the last developments in Turkey since 1923. It should be addressed that,  there’s no capital markets and bourses before 1980s in Turkey. After this date significant  changes has lived both in economy and accounting system in axis of capital markets and  candidacy process of European Union. Also this situation brought out theoretical debate on  the change of current accounting system from continental Europe to Anglo-Saxon system]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2009-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[160]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>