<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1721">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Effects of the global economic crisis and public spending  on income distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This research focuses on the relationship between public spending and  income distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&amp;H). In our empirical  strategy we rely on a unique survey data used to establish a proxy for  inequality over the observed period 2000-2010. In addition, we investigate  the consequences of contemporary global economic and financial crisis on  income distribution. We find indications that the global economic crisis,  with its B&amp;H onset in 2009-2010, has increased income inequality in B&amp;H.  Our findings also imply that increased public spending and improvement in  the quality of institutions in B&amp;H were supportive in reducing income  inequality over the observed period. After examining several institutional  indicators, we identify a particular importance of political stability in B&amp;H  as a determinant of income distribution and inequality. Disaggregated  analysis of public spending by functional and economic categories revealed  that higher expenditures for social protection and capital spending are  associated with lower income inequality. Contrary, higher expenditures for  education are linked with higher income inequality.  Keywords: Inequality, Income Distribution, Southeast Europe, Global  Economic Crisis, Public Spending, Education Expenditures, Health  Expenditures, Social Expenditures.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1604]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1720">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Effects of Capital Structure Decisions on Firm  Performance: Evidence from Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The capital structure decisions of firms have a crucial importance on firms’ financial  performance. The capital structure concept is generally described as the  combination of debt and equity that make the total capital of firms. The selection  of capital components and use of these components play an important role during  the determining of financial strategies. Therefore, it is difficult to choose ideal  proportion of debt and equity. A good equilibrium of debt and equity can affect the  financial performance of company and the value of company. The profitability of an  enterprise is directly affected by capital structure decision.  Capital structure is the one of the most puzzling issues on corporate finance  literature. Beginning with the Modigliani and Miller’s (1958) research, there have  been a number of studies which have investigated the relationship between capital  structure and financial performance. Modigliani and Miller suggest that the value  of a firm is independent from its capital structure in an efficient market when there  is no tax factor. Thereby optimal capital structure cannot be reached according to  Modigliani and Miller’s approaches. This approach has been taken a number of  interests from scholars. The research came in for criticism since capital markets are  quite different from efficient market which Modigliani and Miller’s study based on.  The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of capital structure decisions on  firms’ profitability in manufacturing sector in Turkey. The data used in this research  corresponds to the financial statements of manufacturing companies collected  between 2002 and 2011. The regression analysis was employed by using financial  ratios obtained from financial statements of firms within the scope of analysis. As a  result, the capital structure components which have influence on firm performance  have been determined and general assessment has been made.  Keywords: Capital Structure, Firm Performance, Optimal Capital Structure,  Profitability, Financial Leverage, Regression Analysis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1557]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1719">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Dynamic Relationships between Stock Market  Capitalization Rate and Interest Rate in Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper investigates the long run and short-term relationships between  stock market capitalization rate and interest rates in Turkey over the  period 1998-2012. Prior to conducting the analysis in a time series, in  order to test the stability of the series, a unit root test was initially applied.  It is determined that both stock market capitalization rate and interest rate  series are not stationary. Long-run relationship is tested by Johansen  Cointegration tests and casual relationship is tested by Granger Causality  tests. According to the results of the study, there is long-run relationship  between stock market capitalization rate and interest rates while there is  not causal relationship between stock market capitalization rate and  interest rates in short term.  Keywords: Stock Market Capitalization Rate, Interest Rates, Cointegration,  Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Causality.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1556]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1718">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Sovereign Credit Risk and Credit Default Swap Spread  Reflections]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The already experienced turbulence in the global financial system has  focused the attentions of the market participants to especially sovereign  risk; its major determinants, systematic nature as well as its contagion  potential. In this study, the direction of the analysis of the sovereign risk is  within the framework of the credit default swap (cds) transactions. The  sovereign risk can also be elaborated by using the bond spreads of the  sovereign but the latter is also driven by factors other than the sovereign  risk such as the interest rate movements, supply conditions, liquidity etc.  The already available economical and financial data provides invaluable  opportunity to analyze the sovereign risk anticipation of the financial  markets as it incorporates the valuation of cds in real crisis times of 2008  and 2009 and 2011-first half of 2012 as well as the before and after  economic and financial data of the selected countries namely Brazil,  Turkey, Russia, Korea, Greece and Spain.  The attitude of the investors towards risk as reflected in the financial  market conditions affect the cds spreads of the sovereigns and this creates  commonality which can be measured by the correlation between the  individual sovereign cds spreads. In order to explain the co-movements in  the cds spreads of the selected countries into a smaller number of  common factors, principal component analysis was performed and it is  seen that the first principal component captures nearly 62 percent and the  first three component captures nearly 90 percent of the correlation matrix  In this Study, in order to capture the relationships between the cds spreads  and the country-specific and the global financial and economic factors,  regression analysis has been performed. The country specific factors are  determined as foreign exchange rate, foreign currency reserves, local stock  market returns, external debt, and current account balance as a  percentage of gross domestic products. The global financial and economic  factors added to the model as independent variables are indexes about US  Stock Market Return, US Treasury yields, US corporate yields and Emerging market yields, as well as indicators of equity, term and volatility premium  and bond and equity flows.  The relationship between the global financial variables and cds spreads  reveals the fact that the risk appetite in the global financial market affects  the credit risk perception and consequently the cds spreads regardless of  the employed indicator of the risk appetite. Specifically, it is also  determined that domestic economic situation has significant effects on cds  spreads (excluding Greece who experienced considerable turmoil in its  economic and financial position), the local variables explain more than 75  percent of the cds spread level and this ratio increases to more than 80  percent when four emerging market countries are referred.  Keywords: Credit Default Swaps, Sovereign Risk, Global Financial  Indicators, Risk Appetite, Financial Crisis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1637]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1717">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Event Marketing – A Powerfull Tool  Case : Red Bull Šinomobil Event]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In the today&#039;s society, it is very challenging to keep up with the marketing  trends. There are a lot of factors that should be considered in the pursuit  for the potenitial consumers. The chase is spiced even more, if we consider  that consumers are slightly evolving with every next generation, as should  evolve our approach to them.  This paper discovers the idea of Event Marketing and the opportunities  that are available to everyone who plans the desired activity creatively,  and considering all important elements, in order to reach the target group.  The case study of Red Bull Šinomobil event was the suitable as the Best  Practice event, that prooves the idea and shows the awareness about the  brand created. The successful organization resulted with the high media  coverage and 8.25 mil people reached in total, plus the enormous WOM  created.  Keywords: Event Marketing, Powerfull Tool, Red Bull Šinomobil, Best  Practice event]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1523]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1716">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Students’ Awareness about TAS and TFRS who are  Educated in Business Administration: An Example of  Afyon Kocatepe University]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[When we look over to the history of Turkish Accounting Standards (TAS)  and Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS), it is predicated on the  World Accounting Conference which was performed in Australia–Sydney in  1972. Because of these accounting standards that are shaped by making  many changes until now are far out from recent accounting standards and  bring many innovations, there are difficulties in implementing of the  standards.  In the study, it is aimed to measure the level of students’ interest and  awareness about Turkish Accounting Standards and Turkish Financial  Reporting Standards who are educated in Accounting and Finance Program  in Afyon Kocatepe University. In this purpose, a survey was applied to the  students. The results obtained from survey were analysed by using SPSS  Package program. At the end of the study, by grouping the students, it was  tried to determine which group has high level of awareness.  Keywords: Turkish Accounting Standards; Turkish Financial Reporting  Standards.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1687]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1715">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Leverage Effect of Marketing in Uncertainty Condition:  Examination of ISE-100]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Economic sense of uncertainty / risk concept was started to use at the time of  transition from traditional society to modern society. Uncertainty means, “the  probability of events that adversely affect the economic decision makers&#039; return on  their decisions, in other words the situation that known the possibility of  occurrence of events.  Giddens distinguished the uncertainty into two parts. They’re “external risks” that  originated from external, custom of tradition, or unchanging of nature; “produced  risks” produced by absolute effect of developed information about the world.  Realization possibility of external risks varies from year to year and cannot be  predicted. However when the ignored risks are analyzed, it’s seen that the modern  capitalism reckons the future profits and losses so it organizes future by  uncertainties produced by itself, marginalizes and dominates the future.  Multiplicity of produced risks almost keeps a barrage of metaphor the businesses.  Even businesses provide against any uncertainty, in case of emergence of an  unpredicted and coming from another side they can’t provide against it.  With the economic crisis experienced businesses in Turkey started to attach  importance to “how they provide against to crisis period” topic. For this a lot of  precaution can be said like borrowing/un borrowing with currency or gold, project  and confirmation before investing, rating criterion of banks etc. Namely  management after crisis, management at the time of crisis and management after  crisis is an issue that needs to be known and hold up as an example.  In this study, it is aimed to investigate the difference between the company  performance and marketing effectiveness by using ISE-100 data. To achieve this  aim, first of all, kind of economic crisis and the crisis in turkey will be examined. At  the last part, companies marketing and companies performances will be analyzed  with the help of financial tables and by using ISE-100 data.  On the earth surface, manufactured risks, not only affects the manufactured region  but also effects the transnational. In this context, by considering the Turkey’s  geopolitical and economic cooperation, the crisis in the Europe and in any other  community, affects the ISE-100 firms. Contribution to the literature will be  provided with the determination of the leverage effect of the companies which are  traded in ISE-100 in uncertainty condition which are placed in Turkey.  Keywords: Risk, Crisis, Turkey, ISE-100, Marketing, Company Performances.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1624]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1714">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Europe’s Energy Security and Caspian Oil and Natural Gas]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[For the countries in the Caspian region, whether they have been endowed with  large resources of oil and natural gas or not, the energy politics and energy  security has been at the heart of their efforts to build sovereign and  prosperous states. To this end, oil and gas producing countries in the region  have established arrangements governing the exploration and transportation  of their resources to world markets as a central element of their foreign  policies, whereas consumer countries carefully crafted their levels of  dependence on energy-endowed powers since it is vitally important in  determining their ability to formulate their domestic and foreign policies  independently. For Europe, on the other hand, the discovery of the importance  of energy security has been more recent, and mainly linked to the increasingly  assertive policies that the Russian government and its monopolistic subsidiary,  Gazprom, have adopted over the past years. As the European Union countries  have begun to realize their problem and look for ways to diversify its supply of  energy, the potential role of the Caspian region has inevitably emerged on the  agenda. However, member countries seem to pursue their own energy policy,  which only decrease the overall security of the Union and limit the EU’s foreign  policy options. Apart from this observation, this project explores several  aspects of European energy security particularly its dependence on Russia and  the role of Caspian states as a source of alterative supply and argue that  European countries must establish a European level energy strategy.  Accordingly this study will unfold in four sections. First section will review  Europe’s energy vulnerability along with the similarities between European  and Caspian states in terms of energy politics. Second section will provide an  analysis of emerging Russian energy diplomacy and the role of Gazprom in the  light of recent developments. Third section will put forward the Caspian and  the Black Sea as a future hub of energy for Europe and will discuss the role and  importance of Nabucco and Trans-Caspian pipelines as the two most important  infrastructure projects. Final section will critically review the EU’s approach to  energy security and discuss the need to develop a more cohesive EU approach  towards Caspian countries as well as issues of energy security. Even though  certain individual decisions can be made by member states alone, these  decisions should be made in accordance with the greater strategy goals set by  the European Union.  Keywords: European Union, Caspian Sea, Energy, Security.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1474]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1713">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Use of Statistics in the Agricultural Sector in the  Province of Kutahya]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Turkey has a structure that is growing and developing with each passing day in  the agricultural sector. Because consciousness occurred that agriculture cannot  be done with daily approaches, but with strategic planning and approaches.  Turkey is in the 7th range the list of world agricultural economies and the 1st in  Europe range in terms of the size of the agricultural economy. Kütahya is one  of the cities that affect the results significantly. Kütahya has been one of the  major centers in the agricultural field from past to present. The world&#039;s first  stock exchange was established in the town of Çavdarhisar that has 4900  hectares of agricultural area. The reason for this is the period between 0 and  1000, agricultural and livestock is being done widely in this area.  A questionnaire is prepared to determine whether the statistics, which is very  important nowadays, is used enough or not in Kütahya. The questionnaire sent  to 35 companies via fax, e-mail and personally, by who are working in  agricultural sector. 22 of these companies filled out our questionnaire. The  statistics using level and R&amp;D activities were asked to the companies with 8  items in this questionnaire. The obtained data were entered to the packaged  software and then analyzed with these data. The results of this analysis are  interpreted. The companies believe that the use of statistics is important for  developing but important part of the companies has not recorded the statistics  of their companies till now. Also they do not follow the TÜİK istatistics  published by Ministry of Agriculture.  Keywords: Statistics, Research &amp; Development (R&amp;D), Agriculture.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1670]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1712">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Financial Crises and Derivatives Market: An Application  of Factor Analysis]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Countries that come even closer with each other every passing day, both  economically and socially, went through and have been going through  various financial crises in the past and present centuries. The close  relationships of countries cause a crisis suffered by one country to expand  within a short time and infect other countries.  With the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the transition from  fixed rate policy to floating rate policy, the risk involved in inflation and  interest rates increased, and derivatives were brought forward as one of  the protection methods against the increasing risk ratio. The derivatives  markets, which expanded by means of structured products used in 1990s,  reached huge sizes, leading to a more risky financial structure. Although  protection against risks is the main objective, derivatives offer speculative  profit and arbitrage opportunity to their users. Intensely used for  investment purposes, derivatives create bubble economies when they  reach high volumes and influence crises by expanding the financial risk  environment.  The purpose of this study is to analyze financial crises, the effective factors  on the emergence of crises and the derivatives market, and to reveal their  inter-relations. In this study, firstly, the financial crises suffered throughout  history will be mentioned, and, then, the financial crises that broke out  since the periods when derivatives were started to be used will be  addressed. To this end, focus will be on derivatives risks and the five most  significant financial crises experienced in late history will be emphasized by  analyzing the trading volumes realized in the derivatives market during the  crisis periods; the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2001 economic crisis in  Turkey, the 2001 crisis in Argentine, the 1997 East Asian Financial crisis and  the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico. Data will be gathered from online reports of the related countries, public records, Central Banks, IMF and  World Bank reports and previous studies carried out on the same subjects.  The study will start with a literature review that involves examining the  financial crises and identifying the variables accepted as the leading  indicators of these crises. Then these variables will be converted into less  number of groups of variables, by using factor analysis which is a  quantitative data reduction method. This new leading indicator factor  groups will be compared for each crisis, and a model will be suggested on  the basis of possible differences and similarities. Finally, focus will be on  how derivative instruments affect crises and their effects on the created  model.  This study aims at uncovering similar or different aspects of leading  indicators during each crisis period, by examining the five most significant  financial crises suffered recently, and determining whether derivatives are  a preventive or triggering factor on the same crises.  Keywords: Financial Crisis, Bretton Woods System, Leading Indicators,  Derivatives, Factor Analysis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1503]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>