<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1708">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Analyzing Macroeconomic Indicators of Economic  Growth Using Panel Data]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[During last 10 years some EU countries had economic instability. They have  short and long term challenges such as unemployment, population ageing,  globalization etc. In this study it is aimed to analyze macroeconomic  indicators of EU countries’ economic growth using panel data approach.  Static and dynamic panel data models were used for determining the  effects of independent macro-economic variables on gross domestic  product (GDP) of EU member countries including Austria, Belgium,  Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,  Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,  Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,  Sweden, United Kingdom; acceding country: Croatia; and candidate  countries: Iceland, Montenegro, Serbia, The former Yugoslav Republic of  Macedonia and Turkey. While dependent variable of analyze is gross  domestic product (volume), the independent variables are current account  balance, general government gross debt, general government revenue,  general government total expenditure, gross national savings, inflation,  average consumer prices, population, total investment, unemployment  rate, volume of exports of goods and services, volume of imports of goods  and services. The analysis proposed is based on a panel data (cross  sectional time series data) approach. The dataset of this research involves  33 EU member and EU candidate countries (units). The effects of 12  macroeconomic indicators on gross domestic product volume were  examined. The paper also empirically analyzes the negative impacts of  global financial crisis (the 2007 U.S. Subprime Financial Crisis) into EU  member and candidate countries’ economic growth during the 2002–2012 crisis is, the factors that promote a financial crisis, and the dynamics of a  financial crisis. Thus, the effects of macroeconomic parameters are  analyzed using panel data series. The findings of this research are  especially useful for EU candidate countries such as Iceland, Montenegro,  Serbia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey for  developing convenient economic strategies.  Keywords: European Union and Candidate Countries, Financial Crisis,  Macro Economic Parameters, Panel Data Analysis, Gross Domestic Product,  Economic Growth.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1585]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1709">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[A Research on Beck Hopelessness Scale of the Students  in Vocational School of Higher Education]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In this research, it has been investigated the hopelessness levels of  students who study at Akdeniz University Vocational School of Social  Sciences and whether some demographic variables affect the hopelessness  levels of students. 376 students have participated in the research. Beck  Hopelessness Scale (BDS) and a personal questionnaire have been utilized  in data collection. According to the characteristics of the study group,  descriptive frequency and percentage tables of the variables collected by  the data collection tools have been created. To investigate the differences  between two groups Independent Sample T Test, to compare more than  two groups, one-way ANOVA have been applied. To determine which  group causes the obtained difference, LSD test from post hoc analysis has  been applied.  Keywords: Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hopelessness Level, Hopelessness,  Vocational School Students, Management.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1579]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1710">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Effects of Cultural Differences and Politics on Tax  Morale: The Case of Italy and Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In this paper we analyze the tax morale in Turkey and Italy, using data from  the fifth wave of World Values Surveys. Using Survey data for comparative  analysis we can see the differences in several factors affecting Tax Morale  between Italy (mainly composed of Catholics) and Turkey (mainly  composed of Muslims). The results for the magnitude of tax morale show  that Italy and Turkey rank in the highest as compared to other countries  within their regions. Thus, this gives a task to explain why tax morale is  very high in these two countries which differ in cultures and politics; what  determines tax morale and are there any similarities between these two  countries in the determination of tax morale level. We empirically test  what shapes tax morale by using Ordered Probit model. We have followed  the literature but used additional variables to see what determines the  notion “intrinsic motivation to pay taxes i.e. tax morale”. Most of our  findings are in line with the earlier works in tax morale literature. We agree  with the statement that not only trust in the government might have an  effect on tax morale (Turkey), but also trust in the court, or the legal  system (Italy), and hence the way the relationship between the state and  its citizens is established. Also our findings indicate that older individuals  tend to exhibit higher tax morale. In line with the previous findings in the  literature pride has positive effect on tax morale level in the study  countries. The results on religion, indicates that while tax cheating is  immoral for Religious individuals in Turkey, we cannot make the same  conclusion for the religious individuals in Italy.  Keywords: Tax morale; Tax compliance.  JEL classification: H26; H30]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1647]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1711">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Tax Policy within Fiscal Policies: Evaluation of Tax  Measures Taken Against Economic Crises]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Through the history the countries have been examined by economic crises all over  the world. After the Great Depression of 1929, the beginning of which is named as  ‘’ Black Tuesday ‘’, we again experienced a new world-wide crisis that broke out in  the United States in 2008. When it comes to explaining the economic crisis, it is  simply a sudden and unexpected downturn in the economy of a country.  Primarily, The United States, and then the all countries in the world have been  severely influenced by the negative effects of this crisis. With the Great Depression  in the United States, it was obvious that ‘’ Market Economy ‘’ that maintained by  classical economists couldn’t be competent by itself alone. In that period,  Keynesian economists which emphasized the ’’ State Intervention’’ emerged  against their classical counterparts. According to Keynesians, ‘’ State Intervention ‘’  is so essential in depression eras. Governments can interfere with ongoing period  of depression in two different ways. These are monetary policies and fiscal policies.  If a decisive struggle and respond to the crisis are desired, both of these policies  must be enforced simultaneously. On the other hand, governments are more  efficient to use fiscal policies in comparison with monetary policies, in an effort to  control the economy at that cyclical period. However, it is known that fiscal policies  have their own instruments which may be listed as tax policy, spending policy and  budget policy. Tax policy is the most effective way of all fiscal policies in stages of  recession. As one of the main purposes of fiscal policy is to sustain economic  stability, tax policies are often used to achieve the mentioned purpose.  Hence, this study focuses on the tax measures taken by the governments to deal  with the economic crises by giving inner examination of some countries severely hit  by the recent global crisis. Overall, the study will elaborate the significance and the  impact level of tax policies in crises periods.  Keywords: Economic Crisis, Cyclical periods, Fiscal Policy, Tax Policy.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1642]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1712">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Financial Crises and Derivatives Market: An Application  of Factor Analysis]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Countries that come even closer with each other every passing day, both  economically and socially, went through and have been going through  various financial crises in the past and present centuries. The close  relationships of countries cause a crisis suffered by one country to expand  within a short time and infect other countries.  With the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the transition from  fixed rate policy to floating rate policy, the risk involved in inflation and  interest rates increased, and derivatives were brought forward as one of  the protection methods against the increasing risk ratio. The derivatives  markets, which expanded by means of structured products used in 1990s,  reached huge sizes, leading to a more risky financial structure. Although  protection against risks is the main objective, derivatives offer speculative  profit and arbitrage opportunity to their users. Intensely used for  investment purposes, derivatives create bubble economies when they  reach high volumes and influence crises by expanding the financial risk  environment.  The purpose of this study is to analyze financial crises, the effective factors  on the emergence of crises and the derivatives market, and to reveal their  inter-relations. In this study, firstly, the financial crises suffered throughout  history will be mentioned, and, then, the financial crises that broke out  since the periods when derivatives were started to be used will be  addressed. To this end, focus will be on derivatives risks and the five most  significant financial crises experienced in late history will be emphasized by  analyzing the trading volumes realized in the derivatives market during the  crisis periods; the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2001 economic crisis in  Turkey, the 2001 crisis in Argentine, the 1997 East Asian Financial crisis and  the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico. Data will be gathered from online reports of the related countries, public records, Central Banks, IMF and  World Bank reports and previous studies carried out on the same subjects.  The study will start with a literature review that involves examining the  financial crises and identifying the variables accepted as the leading  indicators of these crises. Then these variables will be converted into less  number of groups of variables, by using factor analysis which is a  quantitative data reduction method. This new leading indicator factor  groups will be compared for each crisis, and a model will be suggested on  the basis of possible differences and similarities. Finally, focus will be on  how derivative instruments affect crises and their effects on the created  model.  This study aims at uncovering similar or different aspects of leading  indicators during each crisis period, by examining the five most significant  financial crises suffered recently, and determining whether derivatives are  a preventive or triggering factor on the same crises.  Keywords: Financial Crisis, Bretton Woods System, Leading Indicators,  Derivatives, Factor Analysis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1503]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1713">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Use of Statistics in the Agricultural Sector in the  Province of Kutahya]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Turkey has a structure that is growing and developing with each passing day in  the agricultural sector. Because consciousness occurred that agriculture cannot  be done with daily approaches, but with strategic planning and approaches.  Turkey is in the 7th range the list of world agricultural economies and the 1st in  Europe range in terms of the size of the agricultural economy. Kütahya is one  of the cities that affect the results significantly. Kütahya has been one of the  major centers in the agricultural field from past to present. The world&#039;s first  stock exchange was established in the town of Çavdarhisar that has 4900  hectares of agricultural area. The reason for this is the period between 0 and  1000, agricultural and livestock is being done widely in this area.  A questionnaire is prepared to determine whether the statistics, which is very  important nowadays, is used enough or not in Kütahya. The questionnaire sent  to 35 companies via fax, e-mail and personally, by who are working in  agricultural sector. 22 of these companies filled out our questionnaire. The  statistics using level and R&amp;D activities were asked to the companies with 8  items in this questionnaire. The obtained data were entered to the packaged  software and then analyzed with these data. The results of this analysis are  interpreted. The companies believe that the use of statistics is important for  developing but important part of the companies has not recorded the statistics  of their companies till now. Also they do not follow the TÜİK istatistics  published by Ministry of Agriculture.  Keywords: Statistics, Research &amp; Development (R&amp;D), Agriculture.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1670]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1714">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Europe’s Energy Security and Caspian Oil and Natural Gas]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[For the countries in the Caspian region, whether they have been endowed with  large resources of oil and natural gas or not, the energy politics and energy  security has been at the heart of their efforts to build sovereign and  prosperous states. To this end, oil and gas producing countries in the region  have established arrangements governing the exploration and transportation  of their resources to world markets as a central element of their foreign  policies, whereas consumer countries carefully crafted their levels of  dependence on energy-endowed powers since it is vitally important in  determining their ability to formulate their domestic and foreign policies  independently. For Europe, on the other hand, the discovery of the importance  of energy security has been more recent, and mainly linked to the increasingly  assertive policies that the Russian government and its monopolistic subsidiary,  Gazprom, have adopted over the past years. As the European Union countries  have begun to realize their problem and look for ways to diversify its supply of  energy, the potential role of the Caspian region has inevitably emerged on the  agenda. However, member countries seem to pursue their own energy policy,  which only decrease the overall security of the Union and limit the EU’s foreign  policy options. Apart from this observation, this project explores several  aspects of European energy security particularly its dependence on Russia and  the role of Caspian states as a source of alterative supply and argue that  European countries must establish a European level energy strategy.  Accordingly this study will unfold in four sections. First section will review  Europe’s energy vulnerability along with the similarities between European  and Caspian states in terms of energy politics. Second section will provide an  analysis of emerging Russian energy diplomacy and the role of Gazprom in the  light of recent developments. Third section will put forward the Caspian and  the Black Sea as a future hub of energy for Europe and will discuss the role and  importance of Nabucco and Trans-Caspian pipelines as the two most important  infrastructure projects. Final section will critically review the EU’s approach to  energy security and discuss the need to develop a more cohesive EU approach  towards Caspian countries as well as issues of energy security. Even though  certain individual decisions can be made by member states alone, these  decisions should be made in accordance with the greater strategy goals set by  the European Union.  Keywords: European Union, Caspian Sea, Energy, Security.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1474]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1715">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Leverage Effect of Marketing in Uncertainty Condition:  Examination of ISE-100]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Economic sense of uncertainty / risk concept was started to use at the time of  transition from traditional society to modern society. Uncertainty means, “the  probability of events that adversely affect the economic decision makers&#039; return on  their decisions, in other words the situation that known the possibility of  occurrence of events.  Giddens distinguished the uncertainty into two parts. They’re “external risks” that  originated from external, custom of tradition, or unchanging of nature; “produced  risks” produced by absolute effect of developed information about the world.  Realization possibility of external risks varies from year to year and cannot be  predicted. However when the ignored risks are analyzed, it’s seen that the modern  capitalism reckons the future profits and losses so it organizes future by  uncertainties produced by itself, marginalizes and dominates the future.  Multiplicity of produced risks almost keeps a barrage of metaphor the businesses.  Even businesses provide against any uncertainty, in case of emergence of an  unpredicted and coming from another side they can’t provide against it.  With the economic crisis experienced businesses in Turkey started to attach  importance to “how they provide against to crisis period” topic. For this a lot of  precaution can be said like borrowing/un borrowing with currency or gold, project  and confirmation before investing, rating criterion of banks etc. Namely  management after crisis, management at the time of crisis and management after  crisis is an issue that needs to be known and hold up as an example.  In this study, it is aimed to investigate the difference between the company  performance and marketing effectiveness by using ISE-100 data. To achieve this  aim, first of all, kind of economic crisis and the crisis in turkey will be examined. At  the last part, companies marketing and companies performances will be analyzed  with the help of financial tables and by using ISE-100 data.  On the earth surface, manufactured risks, not only affects the manufactured region  but also effects the transnational. In this context, by considering the Turkey’s  geopolitical and economic cooperation, the crisis in the Europe and in any other  community, affects the ISE-100 firms. Contribution to the literature will be  provided with the determination of the leverage effect of the companies which are  traded in ISE-100 in uncertainty condition which are placed in Turkey.  Keywords: Risk, Crisis, Turkey, ISE-100, Marketing, Company Performances.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1624]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1716">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Students’ Awareness about TAS and TFRS who are  Educated in Business Administration: An Example of  Afyon Kocatepe University]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[When we look over to the history of Turkish Accounting Standards (TAS)  and Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS), it is predicated on the  World Accounting Conference which was performed in Australia–Sydney in  1972. Because of these accounting standards that are shaped by making  many changes until now are far out from recent accounting standards and  bring many innovations, there are difficulties in implementing of the  standards.  In the study, it is aimed to measure the level of students’ interest and  awareness about Turkish Accounting Standards and Turkish Financial  Reporting Standards who are educated in Accounting and Finance Program  in Afyon Kocatepe University. In this purpose, a survey was applied to the  students. The results obtained from survey were analysed by using SPSS  Package program. At the end of the study, by grouping the students, it was  tried to determine which group has high level of awareness.  Keywords: Turkish Accounting Standards; Turkish Financial Reporting  Standards.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1687]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1717">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Event Marketing – A Powerfull Tool  Case : Red Bull Šinomobil Event]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In the today&#039;s society, it is very challenging to keep up with the marketing  trends. There are a lot of factors that should be considered in the pursuit  for the potenitial consumers. The chase is spiced even more, if we consider  that consumers are slightly evolving with every next generation, as should  evolve our approach to them.  This paper discovers the idea of Event Marketing and the opportunities  that are available to everyone who plans the desired activity creatively,  and considering all important elements, in order to reach the target group.  The case study of Red Bull Šinomobil event was the suitable as the Best  Practice event, that prooves the idea and shows the awareness about the  brand created. The successful organization resulted with the high media  coverage and 8.25 mil people reached in total, plus the enormous WOM  created.  Keywords: Event Marketing, Powerfull Tool, Red Bull Šinomobil, Best  Practice event]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1523]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>