<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/850">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is a Regional Trade Agreement with Balkan Countries Applicable for Turkey? A Time Series Analysis]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Statistics of Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) and World Bank (WB) imply that the foreign trade volume of Turkey with its major trade partners in the Balkans (Bulgaria, Greece and Romania) may have a positive effect on Turkey’s economy even under the circumstances of the recent financial crisis. In this respect, on the basis of Vector Error Correction (VEC) model, Granger causality analysis has been performed to make inferences about the consequences of a possible regional trade agreement of Turkey with Bulgaria, Greece and Romania on the real economic activity in Turkey. Thereby, it is aimed to determine whether it is reasonable for Turkey to make a regional trade agreement with Bulgaria, Greece and Romania. Empirical findings reveal that Turkish economy may benefit from a regional economic integration with these Balkan countries. ]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-03-15]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2394]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2016">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is Bodily Experience Shared by Different Cultures? Universality of Metaphors and Metonymies in English and Bosnian Language]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Key words: conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy, concept, universality, embodiement  ABSTRACT  With the introduction of the terms conceptual metaphor and metonymy, the scope of cognitive linguistics has been considerably broadened and majority of linguists have set on to investigate the cognitive processes that structure our everyday language and thought. One such part of scientific investigation has been directed towards universality, i.e. the universality of conceptual metaphors and metonymies shared by different languages.  Universality of conceptual metaphors and metonymies has been primarily tested on English and some other worldly-known languages (Chinese, Japanese, German etc.). Never has such analysis been done with the Bosnian language. Analyzing English and Bosnian idioms with the lexical component hand, we shall show that these two distinct cultures share bodily experience, and that majority of conceptual metaphors, as well as conceptual metonymies are the same in both languages.  Starting with some theoretical background on conceptual metaphors and metonymies, as well as the notions of embodiment and universality, our paper analyzes idiomatic expressions with the lexical element hand/ruka/šaka and shows the similarities and differences in various abstract concepts that can be referred to through the notion of HAND. Discussing various abstract concepts, we analyze cognitive mechanisms on which these concepts have been formed, and compare their interaction between the two languages. Our analysis shows that universal metaphors exist, and that even if there are differences between the two distant languages, such as English and Bosnian are, they can be found on a specific level of language analysis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1822]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/521">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is Bosnia and Herzegovina on a Sustainable  Energy Development Path?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The energy sector is often credited for having major economic potential and  being a driver of growth for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It has been proven that BiH  possesses potential renewable energy sources, in particular hydro and biomass. However, the  majority of energy production is conducted in outdated power plants and based on fossil  fuels, resulting in environment pollution. In order to be energy sustainable, development of  these processes should aim to reduce the environmental costs of energy production and use.  The way in which BiH decides to use its major energy potentials will have significant  implications for the future. This paper examines various aspects of sustainable development,  starting from a review of development and energy intensity indicators.  The current state of the electrical energy sector is not sustainable due to the lack of  investment into energy plants in the past, unrealistic plans for investment, inadequate  policies and incentives for energy efficiency, and a lack of consistent policy to support  renewable energy use. In addition to these problems, a state energy policy is virtually  nonexistent and the state utilizes lower quality coal in thermal plants. Without a change in  energy policies and consumption behaviour, as well as an increase in new investment with  adequate financing models, BiH may soon face problems with its energy supply.  Keywords: sustainable energy development; energy intensity; energy efficiency; renewable  energy sources; investments in energy.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2763]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2233 - 0054     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1238">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[IS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ON A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PATH?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Keywords:sustainable energy development; energy intensity; energy efficiency; renewable energy sources; investments in energy.  ABSTRACT  The energy sector is often credited for having major economic potential and being a driver of growth for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It has been proven that BiH possesses potential renewable energy sources, in particular hydro and biomass. However, the majority of energy production is conducted in outdated power plants and based on fossil fuels, resulting in environment pollution. In order to be energy sustainable, development of these processes should aim to reduce the environmental costs of energy production and use. The way in which BiH decides to use its major energy potentials will have significant implications for the future. This paper examines various aspects of sustainable development, starting from a review of development and energy intensity indicators.  The current state of the electrical energy sector is not sustainable due to the lack of investment into energy plants in the past, unrealistic plans for investment, inadequate policies and incentives for energy efficiency, and a lack of consistent policy to support renewable energy use. In addition to these problems, a state energy policy is virtually nonexistent and the state utilizes lower quality coal in thermal plants. Without a change in energy policies and consumption behaviour, as well as an increase in new investment with adequate financing models, BiH may soon face problems with its energy supply.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2055]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2233-1565     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1818">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is Interculturalism as a European Value?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Key words: Integration, Values, Ethnicity, Socio-Cultural, Europe  ABSTRACT  For the past 50 years the increase of immigration in Western Europe has been viewed as a necessary part of the economic development of these nations. Migrant workers have provided cheap labour when most needed, keeping West European economies competitive in an increasingly global market.  However, since the beginning of the current economic crisis the issue of immigration has become a central political feature. In 2011, the UK Prime Minister, David Cameron, attacked British Multiculturalism echoing comments made by Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, in 2010. Concurrently, there has been a rise in the election success of nationalist parties in Western Europe and opinion polls often place immigration as one of the main concerns of voters.  In recent times the biggest issue is immigration from fellow EU nations as it is difficult to control the right of EU citizens to freedom of movement. Non-EU immigration can be capped and restricted by law, but recent patterns have led some Western governments to consider quota laws for migrant workers and even going as far as discussing the reintroduction of European borders and the renegotiation of the Schengen Agreement to prevent immigrants moving from one country to another once they have entered the European Union.  At the same time, the EU is promoting greater acceptance and cross-cultural tolerance programmes in Eastern European states, such as Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, with the aim of developing greater harmony between ethnic groups who live and have migrated to the region.  On the one hand it would appear that the message from certain Western European countries is “No more immigration” while at the same time encouraging Eastern Europeans to be more tolerant and accepting of immigrants.  The aim of this paper is to examine some of the historical aspects of European immigration and migration as well as examine the political comments being made at present. Most importantly, the paper will address the issue of whether or not the idea of a multicultural society is part of European values and why, after more than fifty years of successful cross-European immigration, this issue has suddenly become a central problem in most EU nations.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1724]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2530">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is it possible to use &quot;Introduction to Linguistics&quot; by Pavle Tekavčić as a Manual for Teaching Romance Philology to the BCS-speaking Students?  ]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[One of the biggest problems that arrises as a barrier to teaching Romance Philology at the BCS-speaking students is the lack of relevant literature in the languages of BCS or its difficult access. In this paper we investigate the manual “Introduction to Linguistics for Students of Italian” by Pavle Tekavčić. Our aim is to point out how the book is structured, which are the advantages and disadvantages of Tekavčić linguistic method, and how much can be useful to use this guide in the teaching of Romance Philology]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2012-05]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[910]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1857">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is my home (where) my language (is)? on Some Identity Aspects of the Croatian Emigrants Descendents]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Key words: identity, Croatian language, heritage language, Croatian emigrants, language biography method  ABSTRACT  Phenomena such are language and identity are often related. For instance, language is one of very important criterion for determining someone’s ethnicity so it is possible to talk about pervasion of ethnic identity and mother tongue.  Reflections on language are often followed by ideas about its diffusion and by that fact state borders don’t have to be criterion of its spatial finiteness. Members of the Croatian minority language communities live in many countries (e.g. Italy, Austria, Hungary). Presence of Croatian language in those countries is, among other, a result of migrations in the past.  People were emigrating from Croatia in several occasions towards different destinations in the world. Despite of a new and broader cultural milieu in distant countries, they kept part of their identity through the communication with their closest family members. Among many questions that Croatian emigrants were confronted with, it is believed that identity is one of the most complex. Many descendants of those emigrants were attending language courses in Croaticum – Centre for Croatian as a second and foreign language in Croatia. In their case Croatian language is their heritage language (Jelaska 2005: 27).  The aim of this paper is description of what kind of images, attitudes and knowledge some Croatian emigrants descendants had when they came to the homeland of their ancestors and how Croatia and Croatian language look like through their newly gained perception. The data for this paper are reached by open-ended questionnaire, unstructured interview and biography method. Qualitative analysis of those data could serve as a model for the interpretation of how the descendants of Croatian emigrants see themselves, among other, through communication in languages that identify them.  Language identity is field of interest of many disciplines (e.g. sociolinguistics, philosophy). In this paper reflections on language identity are gaining ground in glotodidactics experiences.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1923]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2605">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is Speed Detrimental to Culture - How do Students Simultaneously Interpret Culture-Bound Terms?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper will present a study of culture-bound terms in simultaneous interpreting of trainee simultaneous interpreters by using a combination of Newmark&#039;s (1988), Vinay’s (qtd. in Klaić, 1992) and Ivir&#039;s (1998) grids of different procedures for culture-bound terms that translators/interpreters can use. This paper attempts to investigate the preferred procedures of student-interpreters working under significant time-constraints.    It is a well-known fact that language is embedded in the culture of the people and that it is primarily a cultural and social product (Troskot, 1992). Interpreters serve as mediators between languages, but since languages do not exist in a vacuum it is the interpreter’s task to convey not only the formal level of the message (lexical, grammatical, syntactic level), but semantic, aesthetic, and connotative levels as well. The corpus is composed of recorded interpreting sessions of 19 first-year graduate students interpreting speeches from the Speech Repository Portal during three months of training. The instances of culture-bound items and their interpretations were identified and analyzed with the aim of identifying the preferred strategies. The basic quality standards in interpreting are accuracy, adequacy, equivalence and successful communicative interaction (Pöchhacker, 2002). In the corpus we tried to gain information about equivalency (intended effect) of the source and target text, since accuracy does not necessarily imply adequacy and equivalence.     The results show that the students mostly use naturalization/borrowing, literal translation and omission. The findings have implications for interpreter theory, practice, and training, but the insights may also be valuable for teaching English at primary, secondary and tertiary levels, when the linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge base (Gile, 2009), including cultural awareness, is being built.  ]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2012-05]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[793]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3192">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is the Interest Policy Responsible for the  Global Financial Crises?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Interest represents the allocation of an unearned and imaginary income, which is  assumed to have been born out of the exchanges of derivatives on the basis of their nominal  values. This is one of the main reasons for the recent financial bubble resulting in the global  financial crisis in 2008. This paper first aims to define interest from the Islamic perspective in the  light of the Koran and the Prophetic tradition. In addition to the interest of debt which is known by  all, the prophet Mohammad taught the mankind another kind of interest, that is ‗interest of  exchange‘ that appears in the exchanges of goods, different foreign currencies, and financial  derivatives. Then, the paper primarily aims to examine the role and the place of interest  mechanism in the crises, particularly in the 2008 Global Financial Crisis.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2010-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[181]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1821">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Is the Trend of Using Apostrophe&#039;s to Form the Plural&#039;s of Noun&#039;s in English of Concern to Professor&#039;s of Writing?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Key words: English, apostrophes, plural, pedagogy, evolution  ABSTRACT  Using an apostrophe to form the plural of a noun in American English, according to traditional rules of grammar, is normally incorrect. Nonetheless, over the past few decades, it has become popular to do so, particularly in writing that is intended to be read by the public, such as signage and advertisements (e.g., &quot;Appetizer&#039;s&quot;). This usage is also becoming common among student writers in academic contexts, partially because of the broad influence of the public usage error, and partially because so little traditional grammar is taught in most American high schools. Consequently, the addition of apostrophes where they do not belong in standard written English is widespread and is an example of modern language orthography in rapid evolution. Coupled with a simultaneous trend to eliminate apostrophes where standard English demands them, the misuse of an apostrophe to form plurals has become an &quot;issue&quot; in classrooms such as mine (i.e., in legal writing courses for American law students), where we are training students to perform in a professional field where tradition dies hard. My presentation will quickly review the rules of pluralization of nouns in English, will provide many examples of the trends to eliminate or add apostrophes incorrectly in different contexts, and will discuss whether professors of writing in English - whether teaching native speakers or ESL students - should &quot;rally&quot; to prevent the trend from progressing further or whether this evolution is harmless and should be allowed to run its course, even in highly traditional professional contexts.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2068]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>