<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1598">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Interaction of Cultural Differences, Machiavellianism  and Mobbing in Globalization Process]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Culture and cultural differences are being important in the globalized business  world and the public administration day by day. Moreover, the competition  level has increased recently. In accordence with the philosoply of globalization  the whole world is a common market. As a result cultural differences and  unethical behaivours can be observed.  Machiavellianism mostly emerges in an enviroment of intense competition and  It is considered as a type of mobbing which aims to manipulate the people into  serving for the benefit of power. In this study, the relationship between  Hofstede’s cultural differences, mobbing and Machiavellianism is discussed.  Globalization periot has converted national firms to international firms. As a  result of globalization It has been a new issue of the world that the struggle of  different cultures to live together and generate common values. To solve this  problem it is needed to develop a different perspective. If the cultural  differences are not approved, people tend to dominate the other cultures with  their own culture, which is called as ‘Cultural Myopy’.  This situation may lead up arising of unhealthy of unhealty network of relation  and comminication between the cultures and as a censequence increasing  mobbing. Also culturel differences reflect on cultures and climate of  organizations. The cultural differences in organizations must be well manage,  otherwise comminication disorders. This problem may come along and this  could cause pressure of management.  Keywords: Cultural Differences, Machiavellianism, Mobbing.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1566]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1599">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Point of View from the Perspective of an Accountant to Independent Auditing with the New Turkish Commercial Code]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In 01 July 2012, the enactment of the Turkish Commercial Law no 6102, lead to significant changes, especially in the field of independent auditing. These changes include the determination of the persons or organizations for independent audit companies and auditors.     These regulations with the other regulations in the new Turkish Commercial Law, will mostly affect Professional groups. For this reason, 29 females, 64 males, including 93 public accountants registered in the Chamber of Certified Public Accountants of Antalya asked for expectations by a survey about the new Turkish Commercial Law. In the first part of the questionnaire includes demographic data such as age, education and gender, the second part includes multiple-choice questions concerning the audit process, the last part includes five-point Likert scale questions about how professionals will be affected. The results were analysed by SPSS package program.    Keywords: New Turkish Commercial Law, Independent Auditing, Accountants.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2335]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1600">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Students’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility  and Repeat Patronage Intentions: The Moderating Role  of Trust]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an extensive concept and has been  becoming more and more important in the contemporary world. This  research study aims to highlight the significance of Corporate Social  Responsibility in Education Sector and happenings that are necessary for a  university to act as socially responsible. It also studies the students’ belief  about the social responsibility performance of their institutions and in a  broad-spectrum as well. This study deliberates the impact of Corporate  Social Responsibility on students’ commitment at university level. The  study develops and tests a conceptual framework which predicts a positive  relationship of Corporate Social Responsibility towards Perceived Service  Quality, Attitudinal Loyalty, Repeat Patronage Intentions and the  moderating role of Trust in the context of universities located in Islamabad.  At the same time the study examines the mediating relationship of  Attitudinal Loyalty between Perceived Service Quality and Repeat  Patronage Intentions.  The results generally support this relationship except for the moderating  direction of Trust between Corporate Social Responsibility and Attitudinal  Loyalty. The results also showed that Attitudinal Loyalty mediates the  relationship among Perceived Service Quality and Repeat Patronage  Intentions.  The social responsible activities of the universities were highlighted in the  study and students’ perceptions about Corporate Social Responsibility were also considered. The outcomes showed that the social responsible  behaviors of the university increases the students’ commitment and loyalty  for the university which leads to repeat behavioral intentions, by means of  creating a positive image of the university.  The universities primarily business schools were selected as the context of  the study because business schools educate and train graduates who  become future business experts and managers. Therefore the universities  need to understand the emerging concept of Corporate Social  Responsibility and make the students aware of it and realize its importance  to make them effective business leaders.  Keywords: Trust, Corporate Social Responsibility, Perceived Service  Quality, Attitudinal Loyalty, Repeat Patronage Intentions.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1640]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1601">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Crucial Issue for the Enlargement Process of the  European Union: “Turkey”]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The probable accession of Turkey to European Union has been widely  discussed for last decade. Some thinkers believe that further enlargement  of the European Union will harm the harmony of the current structure. If  we use the realist point of view here, we can say that it is a controversial  issue to accept Turkey as a member of EU, due to the fact that each  member states seeks its benefits and agree on issues, if there is a mutual  gain. Even though there is general agreement among the member states  that Turkey is an important strategic partner and should be closely  associated with the EU, the full membership of Turkey to EU raised deep  skepticism in member states due to the perceived costs of Turkey’s  membership to EU. This skepticism prolonged the membership process of  Turkey. However, throughout the new developments and events especially  in the area of economy, Turkey came into prominence again. Yet, it is still  overwhelming to acknowledge that Turkey is ready to full membership  because there are tough problems such as unsolved Kurdish issue,  economic stability etc.  In this paper, I will utilize from two significant international relations  theories: Intergovernmentalism and Neofunctionalism. Then I will do the  single-country study and analyses Turkey’s circumstances with the  framework of these two theories. In this single country study, I will explain  the Westernization process of Turkey since 1923 and I will continue with  three perspectives which give form to perceptions of Turkey in the foreign  policy. After this, I will calculate the benefits and costs of the membership  both from EU and Turkey.  Keywords: Turkey-EU Relations, Realism, Intergovernmentalism,  Neofunctionalism, Unanimity, Supranational Institutions, EU Enlargement  Process]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1555]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1602">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Forecasting Car Demand with Different Methods]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to propose a sales forecast model for car dealers.  The scope of the research is a case study on a Hyundai dealer in Yalova city,  Turkey. Actual time series data of 48 months on Onurlu Hyundai car dealer’s  aggregate sales figures between January 2007 and December 2010 were used  as fit-set data. The same data between January 2011 and December 2012 were  used as ex-ante data to calculate the accuracy of the methods. In order to  increase the accuracy of measurement models, the company’s history data  was examined 24 times. In the study, MS Office Excel and Statgraphics  Centurion softwares were used to forecast demand and calculate the forecast  errors with different quantitative methods. Four different time series  forecasting methods were applied to the data he the result of each one was  considered separately for the same period lengths. These were Random Walk,  Simple Exponential Smoothing Method, Holt’s Exponential Smoothing Method,  and ARIMA Method. Comparison of the models’ predictions to actual sales  data suggested reasonable results to compare the accuracy of all four  methods. Also, the forecasting accuracy was tested separately for each  forecast horizon length from 1 to 12 months to select the best method. For  each particular forecast horizon, the specific figures by different error methods  were calculated. On the other hand, 5 types of error measurement scales were  used to compare the forecasting accuracy of the methods. These error metrics  were Percentage of Errors, MAPE, wMAPE, wMSE, and Theil’s U2 which are  explained in details within the paper. Ultimately, the best results came from  Exponential Smoothing methods, namely from Holt’s Method. For the  company, each period is a different issue and the results of 1-period ahead  forecasts cannot be averaged with 2 and 3 period ahead forecasts. So, in 1  period ahead forecasts, from the five error measurement method, 2 offered  Simple Exponential Smoothing, 2 offered Holt’s Exponential Smoothing and 1  offered ARIMA as the best forecasting method. In 2, 4, 5, 6 period ahead  forecasts, the 3 of 5 error calculation methods offered Holt’s Exponential  Smoothing Method. In 3, 7, 12 period ahead forecasts, Holt’s Exponential  Smoothing Method gave the smallest error figures in four error measurement  methods. In 11 period ahead forecasts, all error measurement methods gave  their minimum by Holt’s Exponential Smoothing Method. In 8, 9, 10 period  ahead forecasts, the 4 of 5 error measurement methods had the least scores  by ARIMA model.  Keywords: Forecasting Methods, Sales Forecast, Car Dealership, Turkey.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1614]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1603">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[A Model for Discrete Time/Space Approximation of the  Vasicek Model for the Interest Rate]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In this paper we present the mathematical model for the real interest rate as  an autoregressive discrete time and discrete state space process. The process  is an approximation of Vasicek continuous time–space autoregressive process  presented in Vasicek (1977). We choose Vasicek model for interest rate for  developing bond prices as the one which is used in the analysis of optimal  asset allocation problems by many authors. It is a type of one factor short rate  model where interest rate movements are driven by one source of market risk.  Our model can be used in many applications when modelling an interest rate  mathematically or for making simulations on the computer. The shortcoming  of Vasicek model is the positive probability of the negative value of interest  rate. Due to mean reverting characteristic of the interest rate, even for the  negative value of real interest rate, there will be a certain demand for both  traditional and index–linked bonds. It is possible to derive the bond market  model using the interest rate which does not allow the negative values of the  interest rate, for example Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model (Cox et al (1985)).  Although CIR model may be more appropriate, and the one and ten years  rolling bonds market model can be developed using CIR model, it would be  also computationally more demanding. In our model we assume that the  discrete time interval is one year. We will show below the technique to  transform the continuous time Vasicek process into a discrete time one. We  assume that the interest rate can take a finite number of values in a  reasonable range. As the Vasicek process transformed into discrete time is still  a continuous state space process we use the technique from Tauchen and  Hussey (1991) and as a result we get a process with discrete time–state space.  Once we obtain a discrete time–state process for real interest rate we can  model bond prices as the expected present value of future incomes from the  bond. As we assume a zero coupon bond, it means that the bond price is  expected present value of one money unit that will be due in n years’ time,  where n years is the bond duration. Following the Vasicek approach, we can  also introduce a market price of risk. As a final result we get the approximation  of the bond market.  Keywords: Discrete Time, the Vasicek Model, Interest Rate.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1578]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1604">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Great Depression (1929) in İstanbul and a Turkish Style  Contribution to the Solution of the Crisis: Sale Coupons]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Great depression was the first global economic crisis of the 20th century.  The crisis mostly affected the industrialized countries. Turkey was not an  industrialized country, but its capital İstanbul, which was articulated to the  world economy, was also affected by the depression. The crises affected  the İstanbul city not only economically, but also socially and morally.  During the depression years the prices of the basic consumer goods  increased and the monopolist and black marketing tendencies among  tradesmen strengthened in İstanbul. Local administration was insufficient  to solve these problems. The public accused the local auhorities because of  the applications of tradesmen.  Peoples and institutions advised several solutions for minimizing the  negative effects of the crisis in İstanbul. One of them was the İstanbul  Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber prepared reports about the  solutions and delivered them to the concerned authorities. Besides the  Chamber, the Republican Peoples Party, which was the political power of  the period, the bureaucrats, who were the implementers of the economic  policies, and the academicians prepared reports to make contributions to  the solution. The most interesting solution was offered by the  “Cumhuriyet” newspaper, described as a Turkish style contribution in this  paper. The newspaper offered to its readers in İstanbul daily “sale  coupon”s to prevent them from the negative effects of the crises. This  paper will discuss the working of the coupons in detail. The Cumhuriyet  newspaper made arrangements with shops and stores in different areas in  İstanbul to make discounts to its readers. There are a lot of shops on a  wide range of branch from basic consumption goods to the stationeries.  The consumers in İstanbul benefited from these coupons against the rising  prices.  Keywords: Crisis, Cupon, 1929 Great Depression, Turkey.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1530]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1605">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[How is Accounting Perceived in Cognitive Level? A Study  Based On Metaphor]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Metaphor is derivated from the word “metapherein” which is in Greek,  besides it is occurred by the combining of the words “meta” and “pherein”  meaning “to carry” and “to load” respectively (Arslan, 2008: 259). It is  replacing a commonly used concept in place of an uncommonly used one  to explain the second concept by means of the first one therefore  metaphor is making a substitution (Uçma, 2010: 126). Metaphors include  information transfer from a well-known field to a new and unknown one  generally (Tsoukas, 1991). They are supposed as tools used to explain how  the life, environment, events and objects are perceived by the people via  different similitudes (Cerit, 2008: 694).  The study is prepared to clarify the “accounting” perception of the  students taken accounting courses in Community College or Business  School in Yalova University by using metaphors. To this end, metaphor  questionnaires including a single open-ended question are applied to 159  students. The results are subjected to content analysis and owing to the  fact that 39 of the questionnaires could not create metaphors; the study  evaluated on 120 questionnaires. Most common metaphors created by the  students participated in the study are identified as mathematics,  calculator, puzzle and jigsaw puzzle.  Keywords: Metaphor, Accounting.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1475]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1606">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[&quot;Axis shift&quot; as a Foreign Policy Concept and Reflectıon of  this Concept on Turkish Press]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In Turkey, the AK Party (Justice and Development Party) in conjunction  with the coming to power, it is claimed by some quarters in the U.S.A.  (United States of America) and EU (European Union), Turkey, especially  based on Middle East policy in the last period, is wafting through the  project of the European Union trying to hold on for more than 50 years  and therefore the westernization process to other entities, especially  towards to the Shanghai Quintet. This claim is also known as Axis Shift,  brought about internal and external public debates. The purpose of this  study, the above-mentioned claim, i.e., the axis Shift, is to investigate in  what way is reflected in the Turkish press. In this context, the framework  consists of titles such as, a shift of axis, axis shift in foreign policy, Turkey&#039;s  EU integration process, Turkey-EU relations in the last period, field  research. In this direction, in order to test the aforementioned claim,  having different ideological stance and boss structure in Turkish press, like  as Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, Zaman Gazetesi, Yeniçağ Gazetesi, Milliyet  Gazetesi and Habertürk Gazetesi under the spotlight by taking 1 month it  shall be subjected to discourse analysis of these newspapers opinion  columnists.  Keywords: Turkey and the EU, Axis Shift, Turkey Press, Shanghai Quintet,  the Middle East.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1588]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1607">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Importance of Export Market Diversification  Strategy on the Overcoming Economic Crises: The Case  of Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Today, importance of export is increasing at providing and sustaining  growth in developing countries. Because of their macro-economic  instability and fragility developing countries face to crisis and affected by  global economic crisis more than developed countries. At the end of 2007  in USA, problems in returning long-term housing loans created mortgage  crisis in financial markets. Crisis spread to all of the markets and return to  economic crisis.  Leaping of crisis to developed countries which are economically locomotive  of global economy caused crisis spreading and deeping world-wide. The  average growth rate of global economy was 5% before the crisis. This rate  declined to 3% after crisis (IMF). The crisis affected developing countries by  exports. The economic crisis deeply existing in EU countries which are  traditionally Turkey Republic’s markets decreasing the share of Turkey to  EU exports in the total amount of Turkey exports. The share of Turkey-EU  exports was 55% of Turkey’s total export before the global crisis from 1997  to 2008. After the crisis this figure declined 23% in 2009 when the crisis  effect was deepest (DTM).  Expectation of the effects of the economic crisis will continue, especially in  the EU countries resulted Turkey implementing market diversification  strategy in foreign trade. In accordance with the strategy; Turkey  performed a group of activities and invested (liaison offices, trade shows,  incentives) to rise export focused group of countries especially North Africa  and the Near and Middle East country groups. This paper extends to Turkey’s total export amount to different country  groups and rates from 1997 to 2008 accepted as the pre-crisis and from  2010 to 2012 post-crisis period. According to this research the share of  Turkey-EU export decreased 11% and became 44%. After implementing  market diversification strategy Turkey-MENA export rate increased 10%  and became from 13% to 23% (TUİK).  We found that the Turkey’s market diversification strategies succeed and  Turkey’s export volume increased. Because of reason Turkey is the one of  the countries least affected by global economic crisis and recent global  economic uncertainty and recovering the economy fast. Economy of  Turkey is the fastest growing economy in Europe. The average growing rate  of Turkish Economy is 5,4% from 2002 to 2011. Turkey&#039;s economy  expanded 8.5% in 2011 (TUİK).  The aim of this study is to show negative effects of economic crisis on  growth of economy by the channel of export and to test alternative export  policies (market diversification strategy) on recovering crisis.  Keywords: Economic Crises, Export, Economic Growth, Market Turkey  Economy, Diversification.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1658]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 978-9958-834-23-3     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>