<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1382">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[GEÇİŞ DÖNEMLERİ BAĞLAMINDA ARMAĞAN OLGUSU: ANADOLU VE BALKANLAR]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Anahtar Kelimeler: Armağan, geçiş dönemleri, Anadolu, Balkanlar, ritüel.  ÖZET  Geçiş dönemleri ve bu dönemler etrafında uygulanan ritüeller insan yaşamını kuşatır ve belirler. Kişinin yaşamı doğumundan ölümüne kadar bu ritüel süreçlerle içi içedir. Her geçiş dönemi ferdi çevreleyen topluluğun katıldığı bir dizi törensel uygulamayı beraberinde getirir. Bu törenler, ritüelin yapılmasını gerektiren kişiler için hayatlarının yeni bir aşamaya ulaştığına dair bir bilinç oluştururken aynı zamanda bireyin toplumla ve toplumun kendi içerisinde ilişkilerini yenilemesine imkan sağlar. Armağan, insanoğlunun toplumsal bir varlık oluşunun somutlaştığı köklü olgulardan birisidir. Hediye verme bu nedenle de her toplumsal etkinlikte önemli bir yere sahiptir. Armağan, toplumsal ilişkileri düzenler ve geliştirir. Armağanın en görünür ve yaygın olduğu toplumsal etkinlikler arasında geçiş dönemleri etrafında şekillenen ritüeller vardır. Doğum, evlilik veya ölüm gibi geçiş dönemleri incelendiğinde hediyeleşme ve dayanışmanın yoğunluğu hemen gözlemlenebilir. Bu bildiri armağan olgusunu geçiş dönemleri bağlamında ve Anadolu Balkanlar örneklerinde inceleyerek benzerlik ve farklılıkları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-17]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2160]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2203-4548     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3294">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Geçmişten Günümüze Türk Dünyasında Alfabe Gelişimi]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Türklerin metinlerle belgelenebilen tarihte kullandıkları ilk alfabe Köktürk işaretleridir.  Köktürklerin Ötükendeki hâkimiyetleri sona erdikten sonra, Uygurlar döneminde farklı dinleri  kabul eden Türk toplulukları tarafından Mani, Soğut, Uygur, Süryani, İbrani alfabeleri;  Brahmi, Tibet yazıları gibi farklı alfabe ve yazı sistemleri kullanılmıştır. Grek alfabesi de  Hristiyan Türkler ile misyoner rahip ve tüccarlar tarafından Türkçenin yazımında  kullanılmıştır. X. yüzyılda İslâmı kabul eden Türkler uzun bir süre Arap alfabesini  kullanmışlardır. 19. yüzyılda başlayan yenileşme hareketleriyle birlikte, Arap alfabesinin  Türkçe sesleri karşılamada yetersiz kaldığı ve başka gerekçelerle Arap alfabesinin ıslah  edilmesi gerektiği fikri tüm Türk dünyasında dile getirilmeye başlamıştır. XX. yüzyılın  başında neredeyse çeyrek asırlık bir sürede Türk dünyası alfabe ıslahı ve yeni bir alfabe  kabulü meselesi üzerinde durmuş, bu konuyla ilgili kurultaylar düzenlemiştir]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2009-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[412]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/670">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gender (in) equality in Political Participation in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The focus of this paper is on the distribution of gender and their political participation on a cantonal level of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Three leading parties in Canton Sarajevo are going to be analyzed: the Party of Democratic Action (SDA), the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Union for a Better Future of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBBBIH). The analysis in this study will first start with a comparison of the number of candidates to be elected at the municipal and the cantonal level and their genders. Furthermore, by using descriptive analysis we aim to show gender inequality in three leading parties, according to the results of the local elections held in 2012. Also, by using descriptive analysis we will compare the number of candidates who were nominated and the number of candidates who were elected according to genders, to find the possible cause. Results show that the problem lies in the overall low political participation of females on the political scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, we will analyze and discuss economic and social - political reasons for such low political participation of females. Several suggestions are going to be made through a positive example of a rather small political party in B&amp;H, NašaStranka.  Keywords:Gender Inequality, Political Participation, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Descriptive Analysis, Political Parties, Canton Sarajevo]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2476]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1987">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gender as a Predictor of Learning Styles among Iranian Male/Female EFL Learners]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Key words:Gender, Learning styles, VAK typology  ABSTRACT  According to VAK typology in learning styles, some learners are visual, some auditory, and the others kinesthetic. Knowing this fundamental point in teaching process is very useful both for foreign language Learners and teachers to improve their learning and teaching and make the lessons more successful for themselves and also for curriculum. This study takes in consideration the differences of individual learning style between Iranian EFL male and female Learners. To this end, the practical part of this study deals with the identification of VAK typology in two particular groups: 30 males in one group and 30 females in another at Zabansara English Language Institute in Bushehr, Iran. Nearly all the participants belonged to the age group of 13-16. They were chosen randomly and all learning English at intermediate levels. One research instrument was utilized to gather the needed data for this study: VAK learning styles test was given to two groups of males and females. Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the collected data. The findings indicated that there are more visual females than males but more auditory and kinestethic males than females. Taking account the results of differences between males and females, teachers and learners can benefit from such relationships.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1843]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1112">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE USE: DO MEN AND WOMEN USE LANGUAGE DIFFERENTLY?]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Gender exerts a powerful influence on all facets of human communication and raises many profound social issues. General usage of the term gender began in the late 1960s and 1970s, increasingly appearing in the professional literature of the social sciences. The term helps in distinguishing those aspects of life that were more easily attributed or understood to be of social rather than biological origin. When we encounter people from other societies or cultures, we may fail to understand them for many reasons, including differences in language, values, gestures, emotional expression, norms, rituals, rules, expectations, family background and life experiences. Differences in the ways that man and women use language have long been of interest in the study of discourse. For men and women, communication can be a very long drive, using different roads, often to get to the same place. Much of language is ambiguous and depends on context for its interpretation, a factor far more important than gender. The idea that men and women differ fundamentally in the way they use language to communicate is a myth in the everyday sense. But it is also a myth in the sense of being a story people tell in order to explain who they are, where they come from, and why they live as they do. Whether they are true or not in any historical or scientific sense such stories have consequences in the real world. They shape our beliefs and influence our actions. The word woman does not share equal status with man; terms referring to a woman have undergone pejoration. If we examine pairs of gender-marked terms such as lord/lady, baronet/dame, Sir/Madam, master/mistress, king/queen, we can see how the female terms may start out on an equal footing, but they become devalued over time. Men and women language differ in many ways. We learn those rules and an appropriate way of using language since we start using the language.  In other words, a verbal language, a nonverbal language, and an emotional display vary depending on the gender. Generally, these keep changing more and more with future because surrounding environment encourages each gender to develop more perfectly to adapt to new change.     Keywords: Gender, Gender differences, Communication, Language]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[3401]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/754">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gender Differences in Political Discourse]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Public speakers have always had a sense of authority and power upon them, and this area was male area for a long time. Together with different social changes such as Women’s Movement, women became more emancipated, participating in public sphere to a larger extent influencing thus the area of political discourse too.  Key question is whether gender and supposed gender characteristics and differences connected to interaction styles and public speaking affect creation of political discourse and differences in its structure between male and female politicians or they are not an important factor for political discourse. In other words, does gender affect a person’s political subjectivity?  The thesis is that gender specific differences in language use and use of syntactic, semantic, pragmatic structures, lexical style and rhetorical strategies create differences in political discourse between male and female politicians. Can these differences help the hegemonic construction of female identity in political discourse? The aim of the paper is to analyze language differences in connection with supposed gender characteristics and place them into context of political discourse.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-12]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2839]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1124">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[GENDER DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Public speakers have always had a sense of authority and power upon them, and this area was male area for a long time. Together with different social changes such as Women’s Movement, women became more emancipated, participating in public sphere to a larger extent influencing thus the area of political discourse too.     Key question is whether gender and supposed gender characteristics and differences connected to interaction styles and public speaking affect creation of political discourse and differences in its structure between male and female politicians or they are not an important factor for political discourse. In other words, does gender affect a person’s political subjectivity?    The thesis is that gender specific differences in language use and use of syntactic, semantic, pragmatic structures, lexical style and rhetorical strategies create differences in political discourse between male and female politicians. Can these differences help the hegemonic construction of female identity in political discourse? The aim of the paper is to analyze language differences in connection with supposed gender characteristics and place them into context of political discourse.    Keywords: gender, discourse, political discourse, language, interaction, female identity]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[3484]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1912">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gender in the Written Media: A Comparative Study between English and B/C/S]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Key words: gender, stereotype, advertisement, culture, media  ABSTRACT  The paper deals with the relationship of gender stereotypes and advertising language in women’s magazines in particular. First, some general theoretical background of gender and stereotype issues will be given. Types of stereotypes along with their classification will be elaborated on, though the focus will be on gender stereotypes. How women and men see themselves but also how they see each other is important in the process of identity and society formation. We attempt to make a connection between cultural stereotypes and their representation in the media. Does the media stimulate already existing stereotypes or produce new ones are questions we intend to answer in this paper. What is gender and does it influence the media and the language of media are some of the points that will be discussed in this paper as well. Further, research will be conducted on advertisements in both the English and B/C/S corpora, and compared and contrasted. Are there any differences and similarities between the two cultures? If yes, what they are and what messages they convey are also working issues of this paper.  Gender advertising is set on two patterns. Firstly, socially accepted behaviour of women and men differs significantly. Secondly, the notion of men&#039;s dominance and woman&#039;s passiveness is culturally influenced and deeply embedded in consumers&#039; minds. Sexual objectification of women just adds to this theory. Masculine roles in advertising are highly valued and appreciated. Feminine roles in advertising are, contrary to that, devalued and derogatory.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1966]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2587">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gender on the Sphere of Written Text; in Persian and English Short Fictions]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This article is a field study that tries to verify the effect of gender on the scope of Persian and English written texts. Variables such as color terms, swearing, hedges, intensifiers, tag questions, adjectives of approximation and adjectives are considered for analysis in the study of selected literary texts in the corpus. The findings of this study show that in terms of color terms, both English and Persian female story writers use more color terms in their stories. Male writers are generally supposed to use more swearing in their stories. In terms of the use of hedging devices in the stories, it is shown that hedging expressions are found more frequently in female authored texts. The study of intensifiers (up graders, boosters) in Persian and English stories shows that, the use of intensifiers is more common within women&#039;s writing style. In spite of the very infrequent use of tags in the stories, male authored texts provide more examples of tag questions. Challenging tags are more frequent in men&#039;s writing; female writers on the other hand prefer the use of epistemic tags. Frequency of the use of adjectives of approximation is not a good criterion to differentiate female authored texts from male authored ones in Persian corpus. On the other hand the use of this linguistic feature in English corpus demonstrates that female authored texts use these adjectives more frequently. The study of the use of adjectives in English and Persian corpus shows that female writers use adjectives more frequently in their writing.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2012-05]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1004]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2663">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gender Responsive Budgeting as Smart Economics: A Comparative Analysis between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Macedonia]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper addresses a comparative analysis of two different frameworks for inclusion of gender in fiscal economics through gender responsive budgeting(GRB) initiatives that took place over one decade - from 2000 till 2010 in two former Yugoslavian republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Republic of Macedonia (Macedonia). Namely the comparison of two countries with two different methods for GRB is depicted: a) Case of BiH where GRB was introduced through overall public finance management (PFM) reform within the realm of program based budgeting, versus b) Case of Macedonia where GRB was introduced through specific program level initiatives and interventions without an overall integration with budgetary system and performance budgeting as a baseline concept. The paper analyzes these two approaches, and provides an argument and evidence for concluding that the introduction of gender sensitive budgeting through an overarching PFM reforms a more practical and comprehensive mechanism. It suggests that GRB can be used as a tool for more efficient and equitable policy and budget making decisions, and that the capacity level directly affects the absorption capacity, level of implementation and overall sustainability. Furthermore, due to the transition from social regime toward open market parliamentary democracies that Balkan countries are experiencing, integration of GRB practices within the PFM reforms is an attractive model given that those reforms are already taking place. Gender equality through GRB mainstreamed through PFM reforms supports contributes to overall socio-economic prosperity.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1394]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>