<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1611">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Forecasting EURO/TRY Exchange Rates With Artificial  Neural Networks]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Forecasting of financial data has been a field of research since the  efficiency of prediction is essential for future investments. Forecasting  exchange rates is not a simple task because it is influenced by many factors  and linear models are not able to capture nonlinear relationships in the  data. Therefore Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been used in  financial forecasting problems since it is capable of handling complex data.  The aim of this study is to consider predictive accuracy of ANNs with SBP  (Standard Back propagation) and normalized back propagation using the  historical EUR/TRY exchange rates. The data is obtained from CBRT  (Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey) and TSI (Turkish Statistical  Institute) over the period 2008-2013. Several factors affect the accuracy of  neural network in the implementation process. Various structures are built  by changing the number of neurons, number of layers and learning  algorithms to acquire higher performance. This empirical research has  been a comparative study of accuracy in different ANN architectures. The  results are evaluated by MSE (Mean Squared Error) values of each case and  it has been found out that ANNs can closely forecast the future EUR/TRY  exchange rates.  Keywords: ANN, back propagation, exchange rate forecasting, financial  time series]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1481]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1672">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Forecasting Macroeconomic Variables Using Artificial  Neural Network and Traditional Smoothing Techniques]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[For many years, economists have been using statistical tools to estimate  parameters of macroeconomic models. Forecasting plays a major role in  macroeconomic planning and it is an essential analytical tool in countries’  economic strategies. In recent years, researchers are developing new  techniques for estimation. Most of these alternative approaches have their  origins in the computational intelligence. They have the ability to  approximate nonlinear functions, parameters are updated adaptively. In  particular, this research focuses on the application of neural networks in  modeling and estimation of macroeconomic parameters. Neural networks  have received an increasing amount of attention among macroeconomic  forecasters because of the ability to approximate any linear and nonlinear  relationship with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Turkey is one of the  European Union candidate countries such as Iceland, Montenegro, Serbia,  and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. In this study 13  macroeconomic indicators including gross domestic product (volume),  current account balance, general government gross debt, general  government revenue, general government total expenditure, gross  national savings, inflation, average consumer prices, population, total  investment, unemployment rate, volume of exports of goods and services,  volume of imports of goods and services. In this study classical time series  forecasting methods such as moving averages, exponential smoothing,  Brown&#039;s single parameter linear exponential smoothing, Brown’s secondorder  exponential smoothing, Holt&#039;s two parameter linear exponential  smoothing and Winter&#039;s linear and seasonal exponential smoothing were  applied to macroeconomic data. The study focuses mainly on the applicability of artificial neural network model for forecasting  macroeconomic parameters in long term and comparing the artificial  neural network’s results with the Traditional Time Series Analysis  (Smoothing Techniques). To facilitate the presentation, an empirical  example is developed to forecast Turkey’s important macroeconomic  parameters. Time Series statistical theory and methods are used to select  an adequate technique, based on residual analysis. Turkey will celebrate  the 100th anniversary of its foundation in 2023. Policies and  implementations targeted for raising economic position.  Keywords: Macro Economic Parameters, Economic Growth, Artificial  Neural Network, Forecasting, Smoothing, Time Series, Turkey.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1528]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/3417">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Forecasting of Construction Growth and Investment in Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The construction sector is regarded as a significant factor influencing economic  policies in developing countries like Turkey. Construction investments play an important role  in short term economic growth whereas infrastructure investments are vital in long term  growth. Developing countries utilize their construction sectors as regulators. In this study,  forecasting of construction growth and construction investment was analyzed in Turkey.  ARIMA models were used in this study for forecasting of Construction growth and  construction investments. It has been seen that, the variables taken at hand is explained at an  important rate with their own delayed variables.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2009-06]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[259]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1272">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[FORECASTING OF WIND SPEED AND DIRECTIONS IN KIRKLARELI, TURKEY BY SIMPLE MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Keywords: Artificial neural network, Multilayer Perceptron, back propagation, forecasting, wind speed and wind directions.  ABSTRACT  Artificial neural network model was used for short term wind speed and wind directions forecasting in the Kirklareli area, located in the Marmara region of Turkey in this paper. Using data of 2010 year that was obtained from State Meteorological Service. A simple ANN model was used in this study. The mean squared error and approximation values for training of this model were 0.231491 and 0.994802, respectively. Only 153 data was used in this study. 38 data of them was used for testing and validation of the Multilayer Perceptron. The ANN model used in the study has produced satisfactory results. The model can be used by the Kirklareli Electric Utility Control Center.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2127]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2233-1565     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1817">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Foregrounding Critical Thinking in Communication Courses for Engineering Students]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This paper reports on research completed at a degree-awarding engineering institute accredited by the US Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) in the United Arab Emirates.  In first-year communication programs, ABET Student Outcome 3i, “recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning” is supported in part by a learning objective that aims to develop students’ ability to “demonstrate reflective and critical thinking skills”. While this objective is supported throughout the institute’s engineering curricula, many students first encounter the associated concepts and skills in their freshman year, primarily during the first communication course. Program review found that while instruction aimed at developing students’ critical thinking skills is well integrated in the curriculum, and it appears that many students begin to develop the necessary skills successfully, limited means existed for tracking individual students’ specific progress, which is an ABET requirement.  Addressing this, informed by a meta-analysis of research in which key critical thinking skills for freshmen were identified, the researchers developed a series of interventions designed to foreground critical thinking in the curriculum and provide holistic evidence of the extent to which students successfully develop skills as a result of instruction. Intervention design was informed by the need for evidence that: a) can be used to infer the degree to which the student has met the learning objective; b) is longitudinally comparable; c) results from a variety of instruments; and d) is transparent and valid.  Drawing on the results of administering the interventions to over 240 freshmen, student progress is discussed and intervention effectiveness in facilitating tracking is evaluated. Various linguistic and cultural issues arising from the interventions are outlined, and several unanticipated benefits are explored. The paper concludes with a consideration of the extent to which the intervention may be transferable to other discipline contexts.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[IBU Publishing]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-03]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1727]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2141">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Foreign Capital Inflow and Sustainable Economic Development:  A Case Study of Turkey]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This study analyses the effect of foreign capital inflow (especially foreign direct investment)  on the sustainable economic development of Turkey. The main objectives of the study are to  analyses the long run relationship between foreign direct investment and sustainable  economic development. Quarterly data were used from the period of 1992:Q1 to 2011:Q3.  The Engle-Granger Methodology for cointegration was applied to estimate the long run  relationship. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root tests were used to check the  stationarity of each variable in the model. The ADF tests of the differences of each variable  indicate that all of the variables are integrated of the first order. Cointegration was applied to  estimate the long run relationship. A stable long run relationship was found between foreign  direct investment and the sustainable economic development. Even if error correction coefficient was statistically significant, the short run regression model was statistically  insignificant. It was conducted that foreign direct investment had positive impact on the  sustainable economic development in the long run but not in the short run.  Keywords: Capital Inflow, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Development, Engle-  Granger, Cointegration]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2012-05-31]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1323]]></dcterms:extent>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/715">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment as a Factor of Economic Empowerment of the European Union]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, the role of the European Union in foreign direct investment flows has increased, but also the growing role of transnational companies from EU countries in the world economy is noticeable. Cross-border corporate takeover has become the dominant form of movements in foreign direct investments. The main role in this process had the European Union countries, such as suppliers, as well as recipients of foreign direct investment. Excluding flows within the European Union, this regional integration refers to approximately 40 % of all outbound foreign direct investment in the last decade.    The undisputable fact is also, that the global financial crisis has affected, among other things, reduction of foreign direct investment in the European Union, but also increase of regional disparities, at the global and lowers regional level.  This fact committed authors of this paper to ask a question – is there any inconsistency or gap in the distribution (or allocation) of foreign direct investment in EU countries, taking into consideration that there is a significant gap in the inflows and outflows of foreign investment between industrialized countries and developing countries?    In order to answer the question, the paper provides an overview of trends in foreign direct investment in the European Union, stating data and rating in terms of impact of FDI on the economic growth in general, and in the countries of the European Union in particular.    Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDI), inflows, outflows, EU.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2482]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/1686">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment in Bosnia and Herzegovina  from 2001 to 2012]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[This study examines the role and impact of the Foreign Direct investment  in the economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Quarterly  quantitative historical data such as, Foreign Direct Investment , GDP,  inflation and unemployment are used together with qualitative data  obtained through face to face interviews and surveys. Empirical findings  from non-linear regression analysis imply that Foreign Direct Investment  has growing significant positive impact on the economy after the war.  Among the sectors, agriculture and food are the most attractive and  advantageous sectors for the foreign investors.  Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Bosnia and Herzegovina, War.]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2013-05-10]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[1529]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/658">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investment in the Western Balkan Transition Economies:Future Perspectives]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The importance of FDI for the economic development of a transition economy is especially pronounced. However, it is necessary to say that the importance of FDI for the Western Balkan countries have the crucial importance especially for the continuation and completion of the initiated reforms. Continuation and completion of structural economic reforms is also one of the key conditions for the accession of the Western Balkan countries to the European Union. So, the central question is what are the key factors that determine the level of FDI flows into the Western Balkan countries in the near future.   The notable FDI performance of Central Eastern European countries during their preparation for the EU accession in the last decade and the experience of earlier EU enlargements demonstrate that economic integration can increase FDI inflows. The Western Balkans follows a specific process of economic integration. On the one hand, intra-regional integration aims at normalizing the economic relations after the period of disintegration during the nineties and helps to create a common market. On the other hand, the regions aspire to accede into the EU, as it has been demonstrated by the EU membership application of Croatia. This paper aims to analyze how political stability or instability may affect FDI inflows by creating an index of performance on this variable for each Western Balkan country and relates it to a measure of FDI performance for a particular country. Also, the paper analyzes the impact of the EU accession process on the value of FDI inflows. The integration of the Western Balkan countries with the aim of liberalizing interregional trade represents (such as a CEFTA agreement) a chance for improving their mutual cooperation and it provides the basis for a more intensive trade with the European Union countries. Based on the analysis of the current political situation in the Western Balkans, as well as the current position in the negotiations with the EU, paper indicates the factors which determine the likely direction of potential FDI flows into the Western Balkan countries with the specific recommendations for the economic policy makers.  Keywords: Western Balkan transition economies, foreign direct investment, political volatility, EU integration]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04-24]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2442]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/813">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Foreign Direct Investments in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a capital investment in a particular company abroad that acquire ownership control over the enterprise. The main objective of the study is to explore the problems of foreign direct investments in B&amp;H and to explore the reasons why foreign investors should invest in B&amp;H. This research gives better insight current and historical trend of FDI in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Foreign direct investments are of great importance for economic growth and development of developing countries and countries in transition like Bosnia and Herzegovina. Benefit from foreign direct investments has all the investors and the country in which he invested. This paper presents the role and importance of foreign direct investment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to data, investments in Bosnia and Herzegovina are increasing every year. It positively affects the economic situation in our country. For purpose of the study author will give detail explanation of foreign direct investment. Research questions will be based on foreign company and investors which invest in B&amp;H, and in which sector are they investing. The next question is how the policies can attract foreign direct investments and which countries are the most investors in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  What are the problems faced by foreign investors and how policy can address these issues in order to facilitate them and attract more foreign investment. Based on the collected data and financial statements there will be show the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina related with foreign investment.  In the research there will be compared B&amp;H with countries in the region. Whether Bosnia and Herzegovina has advantages compared to Serbia and Croatia. Which of these countries has the most foreign investment? As a conclusion of this paper, analysis will show how are important foreign investment for economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and what is necessary for B&amp;H to change in order to attract a large number of foreign investments.  Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDI), transition, Bosnia and Herzegovina, economic growth, policy.  ]]></dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[International Burch University]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2014-04]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[2589]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 2303-4564     ]]></dcterms:identifier>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>