1
10
46
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https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/5f57abc7b6e791a6ad2a655f3861bf4c.docx
76b2df282ff6c431d0eb5224e8a30c0e
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
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2637-2835
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10.14706
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
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English
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TOWARDS A CULTURAL QUARTER: THE CASE OF MARIJIN DVOR
Author
Author
Lejla Odoabsic Novo
Adnan Novalic
Maja Popovac
Abstract
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Abstract - Urban development and regeneration that is powered by the idea of culture has become a norm and part of legislation in most European cities since the 1990’s. This notion has been encored on the development of the ‘Creative City’, a concept envisioned for the new creative class based on the creative economy. The Creative City approach encompasses a holistic strategic development framework that is often characterized by the insertion of new cultural buildings (most typically museums) in the post-industrial zones or neglected neighborhoods. It often results in the design of cultural quarters, and the adoption of city branding strategies based on reductive images of the city as a cultural site. This paper takes on the idea of developing a Cultural Quarter as the first step towards developing a strategic plan for the transformation of the post-conflict Sarajevo and making it part of the European Creative City Network. It takes on Montgomery’s principles of the museum cultural districts and examines the potential of this proposal through Canter’s model for Metaphor for Place.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords: Creative City, Cultural Quarters, Museums, Urban regeneration, Sarajevo
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International Burch University
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A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
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https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/a9c60f561a4c20da19f9c16a5a311733.docx
f620604759bfc76f080585af4886ce43
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
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2637-2835
DOI
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10.14706
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
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English
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Effect of initial bacterial innoculum density on zones of inhibition in disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing
Author
Author
Aldijana Hadžić
Nudžejma Kudić
Monia Avdić
Lejla Smajlović-Skenderagić
Alisa Smajović
Samra Međedović
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Abstract - The primary objective of this study was to show how the density of the initial bacterial inoculum effects the zone inhibition in Disk diffusion Bauer Kirby (BK) antibiotic susceptibility testing. In this study, three strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested: a methicillin sensitive clinical strain, a methicillin resistant clinical strain and ATCC 25923. A series of decreasing initial inoculum densities of the three tested strains were prepared and poured onto Mueller Hinton agar plates. After overnight incubation the zones of inhibition around tested antibiotics from different inoculum densities were measured in mm. The results showed that inoculum density does have an effect on the zones of inhibition in BK antibiotic susceptibility testing of S.aureus where in the case of gentamycin sensitivity category change occurred. Correlation analysis showed that there is significant negative correlation between tested inoculum densities and zones of inhibition clinical methicillin sensitive strain of S.aureus after using oxacillin and gentamycin (Pearson coefficient were -0.917 and -0.892, respectively), and between tested inoculum densities and zones of inhibition clinical methicillin resistant strain of S.aureus after using ampicillin (Pearson coefficient was -0.960). Hence, initial bacterial inoculum density can be of high relevance in Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion testing and ought to be precisely determined in purpose of adequate therapy ordination.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, susceptibility testing, McFarland standards, antibiotics, zones of inhibition.
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International Burch University
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
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https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/930c9f630753e1ebc1a5b1fb8041a6ca.docx
41c97aa1761372a73a852990e5057c4e
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Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
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2637-2835
DOI
Digital object identifier
10.14706
Publisher
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
Language
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English
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Implementation of Graham’s Scan Method for Triangulation of Non Convex Polygons in Java Netbeans Environment
Author
Author
Faruk Selimović
Muzafer Saračević
Vesad Doljak
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Abstract - This paper presents an algorithm for triangulation of non-convex polygons on the principle of Graham’s scan. This method is based on finding the so-called "ear" of triangulation of the observed polygons. Second aspect is storing in a temporary stack all the previous points of the polygon from which would later be pulled the diagonals that will actually create the triangulations. Triangulation of the polygon has increasing application in the design of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and it is the basis for calculating the surface of irregular terrains. In particular, we have implemented mentioned method in Java Net Beans environment with a graphical user interface. Java, as one of the leading object-oriented programming languages allows efficient implementation of this algorithm, and it is one of the main reasons of implementation of this algorithm in this programming language.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords - Polygon triangulation, Graham’s scan method, non-convex polygon, Java Net-Beans environment.
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International Burch University
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
-
https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/991c7df78e8a5b2b8a046dee14445169.docx
f518d620d1fae70125c56ff717d11ad2
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Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
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2637-2835
DOI
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10.14706
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
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English
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Title
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Intrusion Detection System for Smart Meters in Power Distribution Network Based on Statistical Anomaly Detection
Author
Author
Mirza Šarić
Amila Jašari
Ammar Arpadžić
Abstract
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Abstract – Recently, there have been significant changes in the power system operation and management. These changes are driven by deregulation and market liberalization policies and include significant technical innovations and introduction of information and communication technologies to power systems. The introduction of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) presents new challanges. Two most sensitive aspects of smart meters are electricity consumption data and remote switch access. This paper presents and overview of security challanges for the smart meters used in power distribution system and proposes a fuzzy intrusion detection system for smart meters in power distribution system based on statistical anomaly detection, based on Mamdani type fuzzy inference system with two input (Elapsed Session Time and Login Frequency) variables and one output variable used as intrusion detection control signal. It is argued that this paper makes a contribution towards understanding and design of comprehensive intrusion detection technologies for smart meters.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords - AMI, Power distribution network, fuzzy logic, intrusion detection, risk model, smart meter.
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International Burch University
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A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
-
https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/2dca31036e8f1444f307dfc65d47b3b8.docx
44ed7242bd6e58db28a43c8ae6198ec6
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
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2637-2835
DOI
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10.14706
Publisher
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
Language
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English
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Optimal Network Reconfiguration of the Distribution Network for Minimization of Power Loss and Voltage Deviation using NSGA-II Algorithm
Author
Author
Lejla Bandić
Naida Nalo
Jasmin Kevrić
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Abstract - For efficient power flow in the distribution system, one of the most important components is the accurate loss and voltage deviation minimization. This work gives an insight into the minimization process of the loss and voltage deviation in the power distribution system by using the network reconfiguration. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm – II (NSGA-II) has been used as the tool for solving the problem. The power flow is incorporated with the Genetic Algorithm until the best results are obtained. For power flow calculation, Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) is used, while the whole algorithm was written in MATLAB. The proposed algorithm is tested on a real 10 kV distribution network, Gracanica. Results obtained show that the presented methodology can be efficiently applied to reconfigure distribution networks to select the optimal distribution network topology in order to achieve savings in power losses and improve voltage profile.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords - Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm–II (NSGA-II), reconfiguration, power loss, voltage profile, PSAT.
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International Burch University
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A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
-
https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/ced592d00fbb324ea8ec5b8c3f4b59bf.doc
2fed9cf32cceb951fd4ffd11d4bc1b4e
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
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2637-2835
DOI
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10.14706
Publisher
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
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English
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Review of Traffic Data Analysis for Accident Management
Author
Author
Samir Kurtanovic
Nejdet Dogru
Zerina Masetic
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Abstract - In the past decade transportation systems have been augmented with information and communication technology to provide innovative services to the participants in the traffic. This synergy has resulted in safer and more optimized transportation network. In past few decades, newly developed systems in the area of transportation have been collectively called the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS can be defined as a holistic, control and information and communication upgrade of the classical traffic and transportation system that achieves significantly improved performance, traffic flow, more efficient passenger and goods transport, improved traffic safety, comfort and passenger protection, and reduction of environmental pollution. The interest in ITS comes from problems caused by traffic jams, traffic accidents, environmental concerns, congestions, delays and the synergy of latest information technology for simulation, real-time control and communication networks. Traffic accident management is one of the main focus fields of ITS due to the severe consequence that the accidents have. This paper surveys the traffic accident relation studies in ITS.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords: Intelligent Transportation System, Accident Detection, Traffic Data Analysis, Traffic Flow Modelling, Traffic Monitoring
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International Burch University
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A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
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https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/d98c62dc674b330134eb6d0d5eec8c89.docx
b7b81d52bcb066ce1b2d555ea001830b
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
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2637-2835
DOI
Digital object identifier
10.14706
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
Language
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English
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Communication in Smart Homes with Emphasis wn Power Line Communication
Author
Author
Ina Salihović
Esma Musić
Dejan Jokić
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Abstract: Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology that allows consumers to use the already existing wiring infrastructure to exchange information. This paper overviews narrowband PLC in home automation, starting from the basics of power line communication and its advantages compared to wired and Wi-Fi automation systems, data modulation techniques, noise problems, frequency bands, all the way to regulations affecting PLC. The paper is finished off with an overview of three System on Chip (SoC) power line modems from a few different generations, Yitran’s IT800D from 2005, ON Semiconductor’s NCN49597 from 2012, and STMicroelectronics’s ST8500 from 2017.
Keywords
Keywords.
Keywords: Power Line Communication, narrowband PLC, PLC modem, System on Chip
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International Burch University
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A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
-
https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/b35517f5a6b3b1b5430cbd3beb65665b.docx
3d88bd71483956752150c8fc8f575fa4
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2637-2835
DOI
Digital object identifier
10.14706
Publisher
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
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English
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Title
A name given to the resource
THE RETURN OF THE MODERN
Author
Author
LUKA KORLAET
SVEBOR ANDREJEVIC
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
The second half of nineties and twenties were the building Eldorado: the bank loans were shared without any delays to entrepreneurs and apartment buyers. It was built a lot and very uncertainly. Speaking of Zagreb, the slopes of Medvenice were especial ly attractive. That space was built with numerous urban vil las, the smal l multi-storey buildings, which its investors and architects were led by exploation logic and rarely think about quality of floor plans or about environment between buildings.
Publisher
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International Burch University
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A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
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https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/cda47db38a0256d84f45336ef7e1fa5e.pdf
9d17336775d02b9918c005099df3eb63
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Text
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 2, (2020)
DOI number: 10.14706/JONSAE2020211
Impact of Electric Vehicles in a Grid-to-Vehicle Mode on Voltage Stability
Naida Nalo1, Emina Kišija1, Mirza Šarić1
1
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
naida.nalo@stu.ibu.edu.ba
emina.kisija@stu.ibu.edu.ba
mirza.saric@ibu.edu.ba
Abstract — With a rapid development and a massive deployment of electric vehicles, the power system
is facing many challenges regarding power quality and voltage stability. This paper deals with the impact
of electric vehicle in grid-to-vehicle mode depending on different EV penetration levels and point of
connection on static voltage stability impact of a real low-voltage distribution network. Based on nine
variations created, results showed that connecting vehicles closer to the beginning of the feeders creates
a smaller voltage drop, therefore more vehicles can be connected. However, going farther from the feeder
causes voltage to go below 0.9 p.u. and eventually leads to instability.
Keywords—electric vehicles, grid-to vehicle, static voltage stability.
1. Introduction
Power system stability can be defined as the ability of the system to remain in an equilibrium state under normal
operating conditions and to regain that equilibrium state after being subjected to a physical disturbance [1].
According to [2] power system stability is defined as a term applied to alternating – current electric power
systems, denoting a condition in which the various synchronous machines of the system remain in synchronism,
or „in step“, with each other. On the opposite side, instability is defined as a condition involving loss of
synchronism or falling „out of step” [2]. However, instability can also occur without the loss of synchronism
[1].
Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be a promising solution both for reducing air pollution and also as
being introduced as a new form of distributed generation when working in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. Many
countries are offering incentives and by doing so, motivating EV owners to charge their vehicles in scheduled
times, to help flatten the daily peaks [3].
In the stability calculations, the behavior of the system under the effect of a transient disorder is of interest.
Equipment reacts as a system response to a disorder. In each situation, only part of the protection reacts,
therefore, the problem must be simplified and the key factors for each type of instability must be defined.
�In this project, the problem of voltage stability is investigated in a LV distribution network involving 46 buses
and 42 loads. According to different penetration levels of (EVs) and point of connection across the network,
nine scenarios were modeled and examined for voltage instability.
1.1 Voltage stability
Voltage stability is the ability of the system to maintain acceptable voltage values on all busbars in the system,
both in normal operating conditions and after the effects of the disruption. Voltage instability occurs when a
disorder, which can be caused by an increase in consumer demand or a change in operating conditions, causes
a progressive and uncontrollable voltage drop. The main cause of voltage instability is the inability of the
system to respond to reactive power requirements. The core of the problem is usually a decrease in the voltage
in the flow of active and reactive power through inductive reactances representing the transmission network
[1].
The criterion for voltage stability is that on all busbars in the system, under certain operating conditions, the
bus voltage is increasing as injection of reactive power on the same buses is increasing. Therefore, the system
is unstable if voltage level is decreasing as reactive power is increasing, at least on one busbar in the system.
Voltage stability is a local phenomenon, but its consequences may have a widespread impact.
A voltage collapse is far more complex than voltage instability and according to [4], can be explained as an
inability of the power system to supply the reactive power or as an excessive absorption of reactive power by
the system itself. It can also be defined as a process in which voltage instability causes very low voltage levels
in a substantial part of the system. A local voltage collapse can and will lead to a widespread collapse of the
power system [4].
2. Literature review
Electric vehicles have experienced a warm welcome by pollution-aware society. Their non-polluting nature
helped them gain popularity and become one of the most sold cars in Norway, according to the Norwegian
Road Federation [5]. However, deploying large fleets of electric vehicles impacts the load profile of the
network since EVs are introduced as additional loads when being connected for charging [3].
A study in [6] focused on the static voltage stability impact of EV charging stations. A cluster load model
equivalent to 20 sets of EV chargers was taken into consideration along with the different probability
distributions of state of charge (SOC) of the batteries. The authors concluded that charging stations are most
likely to cause voltage instability due to the variableness of power during the charging process.
Research conducted in [7] focused on the static voltage stability of plug-in EVs with respect to different
charging methods. The results showed that voltage stability is closely related to the proportion of the constant
impedance and the constant power load. Since EVs were considered as constant power load, the less the initial
voltage drop percentage, the more EVs will be allowed to access the distribution network.
�Authors of [8] investigated the power quality and dynamic stability aspects of vehicle to grid connection of
EVs which uses a bidirectional power flow and allows the EVs to give back to the grid if needed. Their
conclusion was that charging and discharging state of the PEV does not affect negatively neither the voltage
stability nor frequency since they remain within allowed limits.
A study in [9] investigated the impact of high PV penetration in a low-voltage distribution network on voltage
stability. In the paper, PV curves were used to analyze the static voltage stability in a test node of an important
and possibly critical line. It was shown that the node situated near the end of the network had the weakest PV
characteristics due to power loading and the distance from the feeder. However, they concluded that integrating
photovoltaic units with 40% penetration level would optimize the voltage stability of that node.
Research conducted in [10] analyzes voltage stability with aid of PV curves on an example of a real
transmission network. EVs included in the study were all charged during the daily peak load with a six-hour
charge time. Results showed that high levels of EV penetration, with the expected annual increase, leads to
unacceptably large voltage variations.
A new method for analyzing the impact of PEVs in distribution networks was proposed in [11]. As in many
other papers, this study confirmed that a small number of vehicles does not create stability issues whereas a
large fleet of vehicles causes a greater effect on the grid. Charging strategies as the overall conclusion was
highlighted in this paper.
A study in [12] investigated an impact of EV charging on voltage variations and unbalance in a real low voltage
distribution network. Different scenarios were created to depict several EV penetration levels and load
distributions across the network. Results confirmed the work of other papers, showing that point of connection
plays an important role to the level of impact of EVs to two analyzed power quality parameters.
An analysis, similar to [9], will be conducted in this paper, using PV curves to determine the critical busbars
along the two feeders of the low-voltage distribution network. Section III explains the modeled network and
created variations, Section IV draws results and Section V draws conclusions.
3. Methods
3.1 Problem formulation
Electric vehicles in this project are treated as single-phase loads connected to the network, in a grid-to-vehicle
(G2V) mode. Because of the increasing number of EV charging stations being integrated to the power system,
analysis of their clustering effect and influence on the static voltage stability have become important and
necessary. In this project, analysis of an impact of EV charging on voltage stability is performed on a real
example of a part of a distribution network.
�3.2 P-V Curves
In voltage stability studies, characteristics of interest are the relationships between transmitted power P,
receiving end voltage V and reactive power injection Q. P-V and Q-V curves are traditional forms of displaying
these relationships. In this project, P-V curves are analyzed. Power-Voltage analysis process includes
increasing transfers of power (MW) and monitoring what happens with voltages in the system. This is done by
increasing the power system load and, at each increment, power flows are recomputed (P-V curve is non-linear
and full power flow solutions are required) until the nose of the PV curve is reached, that is, the maximum
transferred power [13]. That point represents the critical voltage because after that, rapid decline of voltage
occurs. Therefore, reaching maximum power is highly avoided because operating at or near stability limit risks
a large – scale blackout. Power margin between the current operating point and critical voltage is used as
voltage stability criterion [14].
3.3 LV Distribution Network Modeling and Variations
In this paper, the analysis was done using the model of 46 – bus LV distribution network, with total of 42 loads
distributed along two feeders, modeled in DIgSILENT Power Factory. Modeled network is provided in
Appendix 1. Length of the first feeder is 371 m while the length of the second feeder is 253 m. Nine variations
were modeled, including: low, medium and high EV penetration levels, at the beginning, in the middle and at
the end of the network. List of variations is provided in Table 1. Numbers of EVs included in each variation
are presented in Table 2 and Table 3.
Table 1. Network variations (penetration-point of connection)
Case no.
Network Variations
1.1 Low-beginning
1.2 Medium-beginning
1.3 High-beginning
2.1 Low-middle
2.2 Medium-middle
2.3 High-middle
3.1 Low-end
3.2 Medium-end
3.3 High-end
1
2
3
Table 2. Number of EVs in Variations
Network Variations
Variati
on No.
1.1
2.1
3.1
1.2
2.2
3.2
Penetration
Level
Number of
EVs
Percentage
of
penetration
level
Low
6
≈15%
Medium
12
≈30%
�Table 3. Number of EVs in Variations cont’d
Network Variations
Variati
on No.
1.3
2.3
2.4
Penetration
Level
Number of
EVs
Percentage
of
penetration
level
High
21
50%
4. Results
4.1 Case 1 - EVs distributed at the beginning
First three variations were modeled so that electric vehicles are placed near the beginning of the two feeders.
Each variation had a different penetration level of EVs as explained in Table 1. After the load flow calculation
was performed, Transmission Network Toolbox was activated, and PV curves were calculated. To see which
busbars stay within the allowed limits and which do not, several busbars were selected from the beginning,
middle and end of each of two feeders and included in the resulting PV graph. The obtained graphs for Case 1
variations are presented in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively.
Fig. 1. PV curves for Variation 1.1
�Fig. 2. PV curve for Variation 1.2
Fig. 3. PV curve for Variation 1.3
All busbars whose PV curves are above the voltage value of 0.9 p.u. are acceptable and stable, while those
below 0.9 p.u. are not stable and therefore not acceptable. As presented in the graphs, two busbars, plotted in
blue and grey, have values below 0.9, which makes them unstable. These two busbars are from the first feeder,
situated in the middle and at the very end of the feeder. All busbars from the second feeder stayed within
allowed limits, as well as the busbar from the beginning of the first feeder.
�4.2 Case 2 – EVs distributed in the middle
Three variations examined for the impact of EV charging and placement around the middle of the two feeders
were 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 Number of EVs connected to the feeders are with respect to Table 1. Several busbars
were selected and included in resulting PV graph, to depict the voltage stability across the two feeders, that is,
to show how stable are busbars from the beginning, middle and end of the two feeders. Results for the
abovementioned variations are shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Fig. 4. PV curve for Variation 2.1
�Fig. 5. PV curve for Variation 2.2
Fig. 6. PV curve for Variation 2.3
According to results obtained from the PV graph, conclusions similar to those in previous variation can be
drawn. All busbars from the second feeder and only the busbar from the very beginning of the first feeder stay
within allowed limits of stability, that is above 0.9 p.u. value of voltage, shown in the y-axis. Two busbars from
the middle and at the end of the first feeder show instability.
�4.3 Case 3 – EVs distributed at the end
Last three variations from Figure 2 were modeled to investigate how much EVs connected near the end of the
feeders will affect voltage instability of selected busbars across the two feeders. Number of connected vehicles
per variation is shown in Table 1. Selected busbars remained the same as those used in the previous six
variations. Results obtained are shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Fig. 7. PV curve for Variation 3.1
�Fig. 8. PV curve for Variation 3.2
Fig. 9. PV curve for Variation 3.3
Results from the obtained PV graph of the last tested variations show that voltages of the two terminals from
the middle and end of the first feeder experience a drop below 0.9 p.u. but gets a more constant value when
compared to results of previous variations. All busbars from the second feeder and only one from the very
beginning of the first feeder have values greater than 0.9 p.u., making them well within allowed limits of
voltage stability.
�5.
Conclusion
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of different EV penetration and points of connection on
voltage stability of a distribution network. Load flow analysis was performed on all nine scenarios followed
by a PV curve calculation in Transmission Network Toolbox of DIgSILENT. Then, a static voltage stability
analysis was performed using PV curves for a number of selected busbars from the beginning, middle and end
of the two feeders. The criterium was that all curves above 0.9 p.u. value of voltage were acceptable, and all
below show voltage instability.
It was found that the length of the feeder, point of connection and level of EV penetration played a crucial part
when it comes to voltage stability. All selected busbars from the second feeder remained within allowed limits
of voltage values while only one busbar from the beginning of the first feeder was above the limiting value.
This was mainly due to the length of the feeder, amount of loading and the distance from the source feeder.
For large fleets of EVs being connected and charged at the same time, voltage stability and power quality
becomes of crucial importance. Distribution system operators must pay attention to the impacts of charging on
power quality and stability of the distribution system, especially if vehicles are in close range, and situated
farther from source.
If no modifications are to be made to increase the network’s capacity, then only a limited number of vehiclescan
be allowed, with reference to the point of connection. A possible solution could be integration of small
distributed generators or implementation of renewables, dispersed along the network to decrease voltage
variations and increase power quality, especially near the end of the feeders, where critical nodes are.
Future work might include analyzing and modeling the impact of connection of photovoltaics or small wind
generators in terms of distributed generation, which are expected to improve the voltage levels and overall
variations.
�APPENDIX 1
�6.
References
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[2] E.W. Kimbark, Power system stability (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons, 1995
[3] J.Y. Yong, V.K. Ramachandaramurthy, K.M. Tan, N. Mithulananthan, A Review on the State-Of-Art
Technologies of Electric Vehicle, Its Impacts and Prospects, Elsevier, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Review 49 (365-385) 2015
[4] P. Kessel, H. Glavitsch, Estimating the Voltage Stability of A Power System. IEEE Transactions on Power
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[5] Electric vehicles are now the majority of cars sold in Norway, (20198, April 1st), Retrieved on 27th of May,
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[6] M. Zhang, J.H. Zheng, W.Z. Wang, M.T. Dai, Research on Static Voltage Stability Based on EV Charging
Station Load Modeling, the international conference on Advanced Power System automation and Protection,
2011 IEEE
[7] Y. Zhang, S. Xiaohui et al., Research of Voltage Stability Analysis Method in Distribution Power System
with Plug-In Electric Vehicle, PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Conference, 2016 IEEE
[8] E. Alghsoon, A. Harb, M. Hamdan, M., Power Quality and Stability Impacts of Vehicle To Grid (V2G)
Connection, The 8th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC 2017)
[9] M. Ghaffarianfar, A. Hajizadeh, Voltage Stability of Low-Voltage Distribution Grid with High Penetration
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[11] Y. Kongjeen, K. Bhumkittipich, Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Integrated into Power Distribution
System Based on Voltage-Dependent Power Flow Analysis, Energies 2018.
[12] N. Nalo, A. Bosović, M. Musić, Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Voltage Profiles and Unbalance
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�
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Title
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Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
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2637-2835
DOI
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10.14706
Publisher
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International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
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English
Dublin Core
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Title
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Impact of Electric Vehicles in a Grid-to-Vehicle Mode on Voltage Stability
Author
Author
Naida Nalo, Emina Kišija, Mirza Šarić
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
With a rapid development and a massive deployment of electric vehicles, the power system is
facing many challenges regarding power quality and voltage stability. This paper deals with the impact
of electric vehicle in grid-to-vehicle mode depending on different EV penetration levels and point of
connection on static voltage stability impact of a real low-voltage distribution network. Based on nine
variations created, results showed that connecting vehicles closer to the beginning of the feeders creates a
smaller voltage drop, therefore more vehicles can be connected. However, going farther from the feeder
causes voltage to go below 0.9 p.u. and eventually leads to instability.
Keywords
Keywords.
electric vehicles, grid-to vehicle, static voltage stability
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2637-2835
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January, 2020
-
https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/a7be93f106bd4655fce2c143192ca565.pdf
671002f6cf69f8a0bc016d089e362b6e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2637-2835
DOI
Digital object identifier
10.14706
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
International Burch University
Description
An account of the resource
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering (JONSAE) is a peer-reviewed, biannually published international journal focusing on empirical and theoretical research in all branches of Engineering and Natural Sciences. It is published on the behalf of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences of International Burch University and aims to provide the best content regarding by publishing original research papers, review articles, special issues, feature articles, and book reviews. All manuscript submissions are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, to peer review by independent, anonymous referees. All peer review is double-blind and submission is online. The journal welcomes theoretical, applied, interdisciplinary and methodological work, with preference on empirical research, critical approach and problem-solving methods in manuscripts.
Language
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English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Transient Stability Analysis on Modified IEEE 14-Bus System
Author
Author
Ermin Šunj, Ammar Arpadžić, Mirza Šarić
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Power system stability represents an important condition of the safe and efficient operation of
the electric power system. This paper presents the transient stability analysis for the case of the new
generator grid connection. The analysis is performed on a modified IEEE 14-Bus test system. In total,
two cases were analysed. In the first case, the analysis with the maximum installed power of the generator
(250 MW) is carried out, while in the second case, the analysis is performed using the optimal generator
ratings (75 MW) using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The transient stability analysis was
carried out under the three-phase symmetrical faults and the N-1 criterion requirements. The results
indicate that power system large disturbances significantly influence system operation and
characteristics. This paper demonstrates the importance of transient stability analysis, which is an
important part of power system studies and must be included in generator grid connection approval.
Keywords
Keywords.
active power, IEE 14-Bus system, N-1 criterion, reactive power, rotor angle, transient
stability
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2637-2835
Publisher
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International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Journal of Natural Sciences and Engineering
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January, 2020